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  • 1

    EuroMemoGroup

    ,

    2012

    1 1.1 1.2 '' 1.3 .. 1.4 1.5 :

    2 ..

    2.1 : 2.2 2.3 :..2.4

    1:.. 2.5 :, 2.6 :

    3 3.1 3.2 3.3

    .. 3.4

    2:..;

    3.5 17,,16182011.JoachimBecker,HermannBmer,TanjaCesen,RolfCzesklebaDupont,JudithDellheim,TrevorEvans,,JohnGrahl,PeterHerrmann,RolandKulke,JeremyLeaman,MahmoodMesskoub,DominiquePlihon,WernerRaza,DianaWehlauFriederOttoWolf.www.euromemo.eu

  • 2

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  • 8

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  • 9

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  • 10

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  • 11

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  • 12

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    17

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  • 13

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  • 14

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  • 15

    2008,,2012,20,6,5. : , ,11.200722,3%,0,3%2011.,20072010, 20%, 6% 17% . 2011 2012, 200710% 13%. , 2007 0,3% 9%, 4,5% 48,2%2011.,.

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    11 http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/eu_borrower/balance_of_payments/index_en.htm12 http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/eu_borrower/balance_of_payments/index_en.htm

  • 16

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  • 17

    . , 2012,10%2009.144,6%200714,6%2011. ( ), 12,1%10,2%.

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    14 . , ,Memo/11/720/20Oct2011.15 Memo/11/555/12,2011.

  • 18

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    16M.Uvalic,Serbia'sTransition TheThornyRoadtoaBetterFuture,Palgrave,Macmillan,2008,p.210

  • 19

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  • 20

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    17 L. Brangsch et al., 2011,Den Krisen entkommen. Sozialkologische Transformation, Berlin, .30ff.

  • 21

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    18 InternationalEnergyAgency,WorldEnergyOutlook2011,chapter6,Climatechangeandthe450scenario,pp.205241.19 Cf. Legal proposals for the CAP after 2013, http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/cappost2013/legalproposals/index_en.htm,12October2011.

  • 22

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  • 23

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    20 European Environment Agency Scientific Committee, 15 September 2011: Opinion of the EEAScientificCommitteeonGreenhouseGasAccountinginRelationtoBioenergy21Cf.BettinaKretschmer,SophieBennett,AnalysingBioenergyImplementationinEUmemberstates:Results from the Biomass Futures Expert Survey, Institute for European Environmental Policy,London,27July2011,www.ieep.eu/assets/827/IEEP_Biomass_Futures_Expert_Survey.pdf

  • 24

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  • 25

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  • 26

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  • 27

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  • 28

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  • 29

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  • 30

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  • 31

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  • 32

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  • 33

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    30 (Eurostat) 160/2011 Eurostat, 5/11/11..

  • 34

    1.2.,2010,,,,,,.

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    3116/201132HNWI:highnetworthindividuals33 2011 http://www.capgemini.com/insightsandresources/bypublication/worldwealthreport2011/?d=BCD137B08001326187C298873EFF1DF0

  • 35

    ()().

    15European Commission Taxation and Customs Union

    VAT standard rates have been hiked strongly as a result of the crisis

    19.0%

    19.5%

    20.0%

    20.5%

    21.0%

    2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

    Average standard VAT rate

    Revenue data stop here

    Source:M.Fantini,M.,2011,2011EditionoftheTaxationTrendsReport,EC,DGTAXUD

    , , , ,.,,,,.

    2.4

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    17European Commission Taxation and Customs Union

    Crisis has not reversed, but possibly slowed, the steep decline in corporate tax rates

    20%

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    1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

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  • 36

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  • 37

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  • 38

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  • 39

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  • 40

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  • 41

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  • 42

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  • 43

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  • 44

    , 2%, 60. ,,.

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    35 . UnionBonds,Eurobonds and aNewDeal forEurope,2011.

  • 45

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    36 , ( ) ( )().

  • 46

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    .., , ., 22% , , !37,, . :

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    37CSO,HealthStatusandHealthServiceUtilisation,QuarterlyNationalHouseholdSurvey,31August2010

  • 47

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  • 48

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  • 49

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  • 50

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  • 51

    ( , , , ...), , , , . , , , , . , , , . 2010 , , : : , , , 39.

    .. ,,, . () (...) .,,,,, . , , , , ,, ., . ,

    39EuropeanCommission,TaxandDevelopment:CooperatingwithDevelopingCountriesonPromotingGoodGovernanceinTaxMatters,COM(2010)163final,2010.

  • 52

    , , ,.

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    , , (), , . (Global Financial Integrity) $1.26 $1.44 2008, $725 $ 810 2000200840. Christian aid, 2008 , (transfer mispricing) $160 ,

    40DevKar&KarlyCurcio, IllicitFinancialFlows fromDevelopingCountries:20002009,Washington,2011,p.vii,:www.gfip.org/storage/gfip/documents/reports/IFF2010/gfi_iff_update_reportweb.pdf

  • 53

    $122 , 200841,42. .. 60%70% , . , , .

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    , R 2012. , . RIO II,

    41ChristianAid,DeathandTaxes.TheTrueTollofTaxDodging,London,2008,p.49.42JensMartens&WolfgangObenland,UmSteuern.FolgenvonKapitalfluchtundSteuerhinterziehungfrdieLnderdesSdensundwasdagegenzutunist,Misereor,GlobalPolicyForumEurope,TerredesHommes,Aachen/Bonn/Osnabrck,2011,p.31.

  • 54

    , , ., , , , .

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    . . ., . , . , ,,.

    :

    Wlodzimierz Dymarski, Poznan ([email protected]); Miren Etxezarreta,Barcelona ([email protected]);TrevorEvans,Berlin([email protected]);MaricaFrangakis, Athens ([email protected]); John Grahl, London ([email protected]); JacquesMazier,Paris([email protected]);MahmoodMesskoub,DeHague([email protected]);Werner Raza, Vienna (w.raza@oefse. at); Catherine Sifakis, Grenoble ([email protected]);DianaWehlau,Bremen([email protected]);FriederOttoWolf,Berlin([email protected]).