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1 19 . 1.1. 19 1.1.1. 19 1.1.2. 25 1.2. 33 1.2.1. 33 1.2.2. 38 2 2.1. 47 2.1.1. (1839-1912) 47 2.1.2. 54 2.2. 61 2.3. 70 2.4. 73 3 (1856-1912) 3.1. 19o . 79 3.2. (1900-1912) 86 3.3. 91 3.4. 94

4 4.1. 105 4.1.1. 19 . 105 4.1.2. (1900-1912) 115 4.1.3. (1913-1928) 121 4.1.4. (1929-1940) 130 4.2. T 141 4.2.1. 1912 141 4.2.2. 1940 149 4.3. 155 4.3.1. (1856-1920) 155 4.3.2. : 159 4.4. 171 4.4.1. 171 4.4.2. 176 4.4.3. 178 4.4.4. 182

:

5 (1856-1912) 5.1. 187 5.2. 194 5.3. 202 5.4. 208 5.5. 216

6 1912-1913 6.1. 221 6.2. 230 6.2.1. : 230 6.2.2. : 235 6.3. 242

7 : 7.1. (1913-1915) 245 7.2. (1916-1918) 252 7.3. (1913-1918) 259 7.4. (1918) 264 7.5. (1919) 269 7.6. : (1919-1922) 276 7.7. 290

8 8.1. (1922-1932) 299 8.1.2. 314 8.1.3 (1925) 323 8.1.4. 329 8.1.5. 339 8.2. , (1929-1933) 348 8.3. 4 (1932-1941): 360 8.3.1. (1932-1935) 360 8.3.2. (1936-1941) 371

383 395 (, ) 425

Archives du Ministre des Affaires trangres Arch. de l AIU Archives de l Alliance Isralite Universelle Bulletin de l AIU Bulletin de l Alliance Isralite Universelle CADN Centre des Archives Diplomatiques de Nantes FO Foreign Office NARA National Archives and Records Administration p opis r. roll PRO Public Record Office USHMM United States Holocaust Memorial Museum YVA Yad Vashem Archives .. .. EIE IAETE IAM

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1 Salo Baron , . Salo Baron, Ghetto and Emancipation: Shall we Revise the Traditional View?, The Menorah Journal, 14 ( 1928) 515-526. , , : Jacob Katz, Out of the Ghetto: The Social Background of Jewish Emancipation, 1770-1870, 1998 ( 1973) Jewish Emancipation and Self Emancipation, 1986. Birnbaum Katznelson , Pierre Birnbaum Ira Katznelson (.), Paths of Emancipation: Jews, States and Citizenship, 1995. . Paula E. Hyman, The Emancipation of the Jews of Alsace: Acculturation and Tradition in the Nineteenth Century, New Haven 1991 Phyllis Cohen Albert, The Modernization of French Jewry: Consistory and Community in the Nineteenth Century, 1977. 2 Simon Dubnov, History of the Jews in Russia and Poland, , 1916, Michael Stanislawski, Tsar Nicholas I and the Jews: The Transformation of Jewish Society in Russia, 1825-1855, 1983 John Doyle Klier, Imperial Russias Jewish Question, 1855-1881, 1995 Benjamin Nathans, Beyond the Pale: The Jewish Encounter with Late Imperial Russia, 2002. 3 Aron Rodrigue, French Jews, Turkish Jews: The Alliance Isralite and the Politics of Jewish Schooling in Turkey, 1869-1939, 1990 , From Millet to Minority: Turkish

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Jewry, BirnbaumKatznelson (.), Paths of Emancipation: Jews, States and Citizenship, 1995, . 238-261. 4 (1424) (1797), . Shulamit S. Magnus, Jewish Emancipation in a German City: Cologne 1798-1871, 1997. 1516 . , , . David B. Ruderman, The Cultural Significance of the Ghetto in Jewish History, David N. Myers-William V. Rowe (.), From Ghetto to Emancipation: Historical and Contemporary Reconsiderations of the Jewish Community, 1997, . 2. , Katz, Jewish Emancipation, .. . 4, 5 Bruce F. Pauley, From Prejudice to Persecution: A History of Austrian Antisemitism, 1992, . 17-18. (1745-1748), , 6 6 (1775-1799) , . Dan V. Segre, The Emancipation of Jews in Italy, Birnbaum Katznelson (.), Paths of Emancipation, . 210. 7 19 . 90% , . Ritchie Robertson, The Jewish Question in German Literature, 1749-1939: Emancipation and its Discontents, 1999, . 10.

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8 Baron, Ghetto and Emancipation, .. . 518, 520. 9 Robertson, The Jewish Question, .. . 12. 10 Ruderman, The Cultural Significance, .. . 13. 11 Esther Benbassa, The Jews of France: A History from Antiquity to the Present, 1999, . 74-75. 12 , Katz, Jewish Emancipation, .. . 12. 13 19 . , , Michael Graetz, Jewry in the modern period: the role of the rising class in the politicization of Jews in Europe, Jonathan Frankel Steven I. Zipperstein (.), Assimilation and Community: The Jews in Nineteenth- Century Europe, 1992, . 171-172.

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14 W.E. Mosse, The German-Jewish Economic Elite, 1820-1935: A Socio-Cultural Profile, 1989, . 2-4. 15 , Elizabeth Mahler Schacter, Perspectives of Nineteenth-Century Italian Jewry, Journal of European Studies, 31.1 (2001). 16 Robertson, The Jewish Question, .. . 17. 17 Pauley, From Prejudice, .. . 17-18. 18 Benbassa, The Jews of France, .. . 82. 19 Hans Daalder, Dutch Jews in a Segmented Society, Birnbaum Katznelson (.), Paths of Emancipation, . 42. 20 Segre, The Emancipation of Jews, .. . 215-216.

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, 21 Werner E. Mosse, From Schutzjuden to Deutsche Staatsbrger Jdischen Glaubens: The Long and Bumpy Road of Jewish Emancipation in Germany Birnbaum Katznelson (.), Paths of Emancipation, . 69. 22 Katz, Jewish Emancipation, .. . 66. 23 Pauley, From Prejudice, .. . 21-22. 24 M. C. N. Salbstein, The Emancipation of the Jews in Britain: the Question of the Admission of the Jews in Parliament, 1820-1860, / 1982. 25 Pauley, From Prejudice, .. . 78. 26 Robertson, The Jewish Question, .. . 233. 27 Benbassa, The Jews of France, .. . 81. 28 Antony Smith, National Identity, 1991, . 11.

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29 Antony Smith, Nations and Nationalism in a Global Era, 1995, . 101. 30 David Brown, Contemporary Nationalism: Civic, Ethnocultural and Multicultural Politics, 2000, . 127. 31 Robertson, The Jewish Question, .. . 235. 32 Pierre Birnbaum, The Jews of the Rebublic: A Political History of the State Jews in France from Gambetta to Vishy, Jane Marie Todd, 1996. 33 Katz, Jewish Emancipation, .. . 9. 34 Robert S. Wistrich, Zionism and Its Jewish Assimilationist Critics (1897-1948), Jewish Social Studies, 4.2 (1998), . 63. . 20 . Juif Isralite, Phyllis Cohen Albert, Israelite and Jew: How did nineteenth-century French Jews understand assimilation?, Frankel Zipperstein (.), Assimilation and Community, . 91-92. 35 Pauley, From Prejudice, .. . 23, Daalder, Dutch Jews, .. . 47. 36 Todd M. Endelman, The Jews of Britain, 1656 to 2000, 2002, . 94 Robertson, The Jewish Question, .. . 237. 37 Paula E. Hyman, The social contexts of assimilation: village Jews and city Jews in Alsace Frankel Zipperstein (.), Assimilation and Community, . 119.

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38 . Pierre Birnbaum, Between Social and Political Assimilation: Remarks on the History of Jews in France, Birnbaum Katznelson (.), Paths of Emancipation, . 94-127. 39 David Sorkin, The impact of emancipation on German Jewry: a reconsideration, Frankel Zipperstein (.), Assimilation and Community, . 177-198. Michael Brenner, Steffi Jersch, Michael A Meyer, German-Jewish History in Modern Times, vol. 2: Emancipation and Acculturation, 1780-1871, 1997. 40 David Sorkin, The transformation of German Jewry, 1780-1840, 1987, . 123. 41 Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism, 1951 Michael R. Marrus, The Politics of Assimilation: A Study of the French Jewish Community at the Time of the Dreyfus Affair, 1971. 42 Jacob Katz, Out of the Ghetto, .. . 213 Marsha L. Rozenblit, Jewish assimilation in Habsburg Vienna, Frankel Zipperstein (.), Assimilation and Community, . 225-245. 43 Simon Schwarzfuchs, Du Juif l Isralite: Histoire d une mutation, 1770-1870, 1989 Daalder, Dutch Jews, .. . 45.

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52 Esther Benbassa and Aron Rodrigue, Sephardi Jewry. A History of the Judeo-Spanish Community, 14th 20th Centuries, 2000, . 5. 53 Levy, The Jews of the Ottoman Empire, .. . 24-25. 54 Benbassa and Rodrigue, Sephardi Jewry, .. . 36-37 Arye Shmuelevitz, The Jews of the Ottoman Empire in the late Fifteenth and the Sixteenth Centuries, 1984, . 130-131. 55 , . 84-108. 56 Levy, The Jews of the Ottoman Empire, .. . 75. 57 , , , , 2000 ( 1978), . 1121. 58 , . 745. 59 , 18 , . , . , . , . , . , 1996, . 221-227 Benbassa and Rodrigue, Sephardi Jewry, .. . 46.

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3 1877/78 , ( ), , . Kemal Karpat, Ottoman Population 1830-1914. Demographic and Social Characteristics, 1985, . 118. 1880 1912, (-), , , . PRO/FO/294/13, , 31 1884 , , . , 2000, . 84. . Arch. de lAIU/Grce/VIIB/28 Serrs/ Scaloni 1873-1878, , 21 1874. 4 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/ID/3, , 25 1904. 5 , Arch. de lAIU/Grce/VB/24 Danon 1893, , 8 1893. 1877/78 , , - ( ) -, . Karpat, Ottoman Population 1830-1914, .. . 118. , 1878, , (-) nhiye () (), CADN/Fond Salonique Consulat/Srie B/Carton 11, , 10 1878. 1881/82-1893 , Karpat, Ottoman Population 1830-1914, .. . 136. 20 . , , , , , . , , .. . , 2000, . 84. 6 1870, () . , . , , 1976, . 146-147. 1879 , CADN/Fond Salonique Consulat/Srie B/Carton 11, , 18 1879. 1884 1890 1912, . , , .. . 147 , , .. . , 1998, . 140-141. 7 CADN/Fond Salonique Consulat/Srie B/Carton 11, , 10 1878.

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8 1877/78 , Karpat, Ottoman Population 1830-1914, .. . 118. , 1879 , , , , CADN/Fond Salonique Consulat/Srie B/Carton 11, , 18 1879. 1902 , . , , .. . , 1998, . 140-141. 1905, , , . , 1999, . 203. 1884, . Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/XXVE/Gumuldjina 240/Barishac Ecoles 1901-1904, , 28 1901. 9 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IB/6 Comites locaux et communautes, Gumuldjina 1884-1914, , 27 1884. 10 (1858) : (. ) 35, , . , 19 , 1980, . 185. 1868 , . , 1942. 1/3 , Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IE/11bis. Albert Agi, Communaut Isralite 1922-1926, A, 14 1924 . Rodrigue, Jewish Society, .. . 268. 11 (1850-1880), . , , , , , , 1992, . 35.

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12 , , , . Kurt Grunwald, Europes Railways and Jewish Enterprise. German Jews as Pioneers of Railway Promotion, Year Book, XII (1967) 163-209. , . - , . , 1997, . 172-174. 13 H 3.000 , CADN/Fond Salonique Consulat/Srie B/Carton 11, , 2 1878. , . Basil Gounaris, Steam over Macedonia (1870-1912), 1993, . 132,194. , CADN/Fond Salonique Consulat/Srie B/Carton 11, , 18 1879. 14 Commercial Company (1900), . , , , 8-9 (1997) 131. 15 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/ID/3, , 15 1901.

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25

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26

( 1)31.

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(1) (2) (3)

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250 (67,56%) 770 (42,30%) 86 (36,75%)

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31 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IIE/5a Melle Carmona, , 7 1906. 32 , 20 1905, , . , , .. . , 1999, . 124-128. 33 Bulletin de L AIU, . 72/N. 35 (1910) 233. 34 , , .. . , 1999, . 211. 35 , -. , , 75-76 ( 2001) 71. 36 , , .. . , 1999, . 313.

27

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28

2 1883 1905

/

1883

1883

1883

/

1905

1905

1905 447.904 143.860 78.806 419.604 68.168 124.850

227.237 70.459 14.334 263.881 46.018 32.178

222.684 123.437 3.440 155.710 69.034 4.195

37.206 1.112 270 52.395 1.420 2.176

4.813 1.013 132 29.769 6.006 1.920

989.844 339.881 96.982 921.359 190.646 165.319

: Karpat, Ottoman Population 1830-1914, .. . 136-137 166-167. .

3 1883 1905

/

18

83

/

18

83

/

1883

18

83

/

19

05

/

19

05

/

1905

19

05

434.366 117.208 28.532 182.062 618.604 153.893 43.735 239.870

267.220 77.830 23.827 13.854 340.908 103.258 27.573 21.545

102.245 30.921 12.449 19.427 119.476 28.614 16.923 28.614

13.717 8.918 35 604 23.839 15.534 326 1.290

18.493 4.196 357 562 30.969 7.147 476 801

836.041 239.073 65.200 216.509 1.133.796 308.446 89.033 292.120

: Karpat, Ottoman Population 1830-1914, .. . 124-125 166-167. .

29

4

1874-1912

. % . % . %

, 1874 (1) 1.500 350 5

, 1880 (2) 75 15 1

, 1880 (3) 100 20 1-1,5

A, 1883 (4) 300 4,5

, 1894 (5) 250 2-2,5

, 1897 (6) 1.100 300 5

, 1897 (7) 750 150 _

M, 1901 (8) 150-200 30-40 2 1.200-1.300 250 5

Bulletin de L AIU, 1901 (9) 1.000 3,5

, 1905 (10,11) 1.300 5 370 3

, 1905 (12) 1.800 470 7,5

Bulletin de L AIU, 1911 (13) 2.500 8,5

. . , .1912 (14) 500 3,5 2.300 7,5

30

: 1. Arch. de lAIU/Grce/VIIB/28 Serrs/Scaloni 1873-1878, , 21 1874. 2. PRO/FO/195/1324, , 8 1880. 3. Arch. de lAIU/Grce/ID/3, , 15 1901. 4. Arch. de lAIU/Grce/XXIE/268 Jacob Azaria 1883-1886, , 1 1883. 5. Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/1 Comit Local et scolaire 1904-1909, , 4 1904. 6. Mercado Covo, Lettre de Turquie, L Univers Isralite, 35 (21 1897) 281-282. 7. Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IB/5 Nahmias Nathan 1892-1897, , 25 1897. 8. Arch. de lAIU/Grce/ID/3, , 15 1901. 9. Bulletin de L AIU, . 64/N. 27 (1902) 150. 10. /1905/72/ -, - , . 11. , , .. . , 2000, . 473. 12. Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/3a Bassat 1905-1909, , 7 1905. 13. Bulletin de L AIU, . 74/N. 37 (1912) 106. 14. , , .. . 12.

31

5

1884-1912

. % . % . % %

, 1884 (1) 650 130 _

, 1892 (2) 485 6

N, 1898 (3) 180 39 8

, 1898 (4) 850 7

, 1899 (5) 1.000 9,5

Bulletin de L AIU, 1901 (6) 900 8,5

Bulletin de L AIU, 1904 (7) 930 9

, 1905 (8) 75 15 0,5

, 1906 (9) 234 1,5

, 1906 (10) 230 4,5

Bulletin de L AIU, 1906 (11) 960 8,5

Bulletin de L AIU, 1909 (12) 1.200 _

A, 1910 (13) 900 8

Bulletin de L AIU, 1910 (14) 1.000 _

32

: 1. Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IB/6 Gumuldjina 1884-1914, , 27 1884. 2. , , 1 (1978) 17-19. 3. Arch. de lAIU/Turquie/XCIVE/Ddagatch 1898-1906, , 3 1898. 4. Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IE/ 14 Joseph Barishac 1890-1901, , 21 1898. 5. Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IB/ 6 Gumuldjina 1884-1914, , 1899. 6. Bulletin de L AIU, . 64 / N. 27 (1902) 144. 7. Bulletin de L AIU, . 67 / N. 30 (1905) 138. 8. , , .. . , 1998, . 482. 9. , . 528-529. 10. , . , 1999, . 313. 11. Bulletin de L AIU, . 69 / N. 32 (1907) 120. 12. Bulletin de L AIU, . 72/N. 35 (1910) 233. 13. Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IE/12 . Atti 1910-1912, A, 21 1910. 14. Bulletin de L AIU, . 73/N. 36 (1911) 99.

33

1.2. (1912-1940)

1.2.1.

(1912-1922)

.

, , ,

40.

,

41.

,

, 28 /10

1913, 20%

, 42.

,

30%,

43. ,

, 40 CADN/Fond Salonique Consulat/Srie B/Carton 12, Agence Consulaire Cavalla 1910-1919, , 6 1912. Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IC/10 Zcharia 1913, , 17 1913. , . , La Situation Isralite dans les Balkans , Archives Isralites, . 74/N 4 (10/23 1913) 27-28. 41 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IB/ 6. Gumuldjina 1884-1914, , 19 1912. 42 , . 1912-1913, 1914, . 194. , , Arch. de lAIU/Grce/XXIE/282 Semach 1913, , 8 1913. , . , 19 , , , 1999, . 22. 43 , . , , .. . 4 , , 1913, 1915, . 44. , Arch. de lAIU/Grce/XXIE/ 279b Elizer Mitrani 1918-1932, , 30 1918.

34

44.

, 1915,

(500 ),

45.

( 1916),

,

.

1916-1917

(4,3% )46. ,

, 1.000 1918 (43,5%

)47.

, 1/3

48. ,

44 George F. Kennan, The Other Balkan Wars. A 1913 Carnegie Endowment Inquiry in Retrospect with a New Introduction and Reflections on the Present Conflicts, 1993, . 205 -/ 194/ 2-01 21-31, (1929), . , . 4629 -/ 194/ 2-01 32-49, (1930), . 2, . 16957, 17281. 1912 , , 9/22 1913, . . 176 (2086). 45 CZA/L6/411, , 27 1915. , , 4/17 1915, . . 1314. 46 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IE/4 Benjamin Bidjerano 1919, , 2 1919. 47 , . Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IE/4 Benjamin Bidjerano 1919, , 2 1919. 12.000 , . , , . ( 18-22 1994), . . , 1998, . 2, . 650. , . , , .. . 23. , . //1918/1, , . 48 , 1916, Arch. de lAIU/Grce XXIE/279b Elizer Mitrani 1918-1932, , 1 1919. , . Elizer Mitrani, Les Juifs en Macedoine. La collective Isralite de Serrs, . Progrs, , 13 1932. 50% 1912, /. /1921/. . 244, , 18-19 1920, , , , , , . 279.

35

49.

, 1918,

50.

,

(10 1913) ,

(1920)51.

,

,

52. ( 1915) ,

,

53.

1914 (986 2,1%

)

1920

54.

(1920),

1929.

,

49 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/XXIE/279b Elizer Mitrani 1918-1932, , 3 1919. 50 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/XXIE/279b Elizer Mitrani 1918-1932, , 18 1918. 51 CADN/Fond Salonique Consulat/Srie B/Carton 12, , 8 1913. , , 31 /13 1915, . . 242 (2768), , 5 1915, . . 543. 52 -, , 1986, . 33-35. 53 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIE/29 Zcharia Menachem 1912-1914, , 3 1914. 54 1914, . Karpat, Ottoman Population 1830-1914, .. . 170. , 280 , 1.292 , 165 878 , / /2/1, , 30 /12 1920.

36

192355.

,

191756.

(, ) ()

(1919-1922)57. ,

,

. 1925,

,

( 6 7)58.

1919, 59.

,

.

,

(1923)

60. ,

61. ,

, , 6% 55 1923, . , , , 11 (1933) 28 , 7 1924, . . 176 , 4 1924, . . 302. 56 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/VIIB/32 Xanthie, , 8 1925. , 1920, 1917, . Rena Molho, Jewish Working Class Neighborhoods Established in Salonika Following the 1890 and 1917 Fires Minna Rosen (.), The Last Ottoman Century and Beyond: The Jews in Turkey and the Balkans 1808-1945, 2002, . 190. 1917, . -, . , 1917. La Chronique du Grand Incendie. Thessalonique, aot 1917, 2002. 57 -/ 194/ 2-01 32-49, . , . 2750, 2758. 1920-1922 , CAHJP/COM/23. 58 , (1912-1930), , , 1996, . 227, 3. 59 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIB/12 Drama, , 17 1919. 60 , . , , .. . 227, 3. , . , , .. . , 1998, . 546. 61 , , .. . 227, 3.

37

(1924). , ,

62. .

1928,

( 7).

,

13 4

,

( )63.

, ,

92 192564.

62 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IE/11bis Albert Agi, Communaut Isralite 1922-1926, , 29 1924. 63 , 60 1923, //. 68, , 12 1925. 64 , . 1921, 29 2006. 21 7 , //. 68, , 5 1925. (1925), . , , .. . 227, 3.

38

1.2.2.

,

, 1924-1926,

65.

1926-1927,

1928, ,

,

66.

6 (1925-1928)

/

()

. . 1925 (1) 1.085 2.534

1928 (2) 530 28 13 12 694 3 2.135 22 8

: 1 , , .. . 227, . 3. , 2 / / , 15-16 1928, 1935, . , . 6.

65 1923 1924, 1924, , 11 1924, . . 307. , , 1926, . , , 1941, . 366. 66 , . , , , , 1927-1928, 1928, . 59 , 1927, 1928, . 32. 1928, . , 1928, .. . V, . .

39

7 (1925-1928)

. . 1925 (1) 1.221 33 801 145 22 957 56

1928 (2) 1.159 49 725 181 37 684 139

: 1. , , .. . 227, . 3, 2. , 1928, .. ., . 6.

1929

. ,

193267.

149268. (,

), 69.

,

1924-1931, 70.

, ,

67 , . , . 1931, , [1932;] , . 1932, , [1933;]. , //1932/1, , 2 1932. 68 //1933/1, , 20 1933. 69 -/ 194/ 2-01 32-49, . 2, . 16909. 70 Elizer Mitrani, Les Juifs en Macedoine. La collective Isralite de Serrs, . Progrs, 13 1932. 1926, 60 , CZA/KKL5/420, Rapport du Dr. Sussmann sur la situation en Grce, 21 1926.

40

, ,

71.

,

1930.

,

, .

, 1934-

1935, , ,

, , 72.

,

,

73.

, 1928 1940, , , 15,20%

( 8).

26,43% 24,89% .

,

74. ,

71 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/XXIE/279b Elizer Mitrani 1918-1932, , 17 1932. 72 , . 1912, 16 2004. , 1934-35 11 4 , CAHJP/COM/23, , 3 1940. . , , , , 1999, . 213. , Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIB/11 Communaut 1933-1939, , 29 1935. 73 CAHJP/COM/45, , 20 1935. //1935/1, . , 1 1935. World Jewry . 1930, . - , 1920-1941. 74 2.432 (1938) , // .

41

. ,

()

.

1940,

,

75.

, , ,

.

8

(1928 1940)

*

% % % % %

1928 (1) 583 0,32 697 0,62 2.165 1,82 1.933 1,07 1.041 0,85 6.419

1940 (2) 533 0,22 780 0,53 1.593 1,15 1.452 0,70 1.085 0,70 5.443

- 50 + 83 - 572 - 481 + 44 -976

* . : 1. , 1928, .. . , . 5, 2. -/ 215/ 53.01/98, . 1940.

/1, , 20 1938. 75 , . 1920, 7 1998 , . 1912, 16 2004 , , 1988, . 8 Frederic Kakis, Legacy of courage. A Holocaust Survival Story in Greece, 2003, . 8.

42

9

(1913-1940)

. % . % . %

, 1914 (1) 628 123 7

, 1916 (2) 1.500 7 600 4 2.300 5,5

, 1919 (3) 1.250 8

, 1920 (4) 350-400 70-80 2,5-2,8

, 1923 (5) 2.200 _

, 1924 (6) 400 2,8

/, 1926 (7) 60 _ 150 _ 500 _

, 1926 (8) 800 2,8

1928 (9) 529 1,8 672 2 2.135 4,2

, 1929 (10) 574 _

, 1931 (11) 725 160 2,5

1932 (12) 550 _

, 1938 (13) 2.432 550 _

. , (14) 918 228 3 2.000 4

Plaut, 1940 (15) 600 1,8 1.200 4 2.100 4,2

43

: 1. //45/12 , , 24 /9 1914, . 44-47 2. Elisabeth Kontogiorgi, The Rural Settlement of Greek Refugees in Macedonia: 1923-1930, PhD Thesis, St. Antonys College, Michaelmas Term 1996, . 2.2. 3.Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIB/12 Drama, , 17 1919 4. Elizer Mitrani, Les Juifs en Macedoine, .. 5. CAHJP/CAV/4, , 1923. 6. Arch. de lAIU/Grce/XXIE/279b Elizer Mitrani 1918-1932, , 17 1932 7. CZA/KKL5/420, Rapport du Dr. Sussmann sur la situation en Grce, 21 1926. 8. , , .. . 59 9. , , .. . , . 7 10. CAHJP/CAV/8, Progrs, 7 1931 11. Mitrani, Les Juifs en Macedoine, .. 12. CAHJP/CAV/8, , 30 1932 13. // . /1, , 20 1938 14. USHMM/RG 46009M/Fond 1/op. 1/ folder 13, ( ) 1941, 1941. 15. Joshua Eli Plaut, Greek Jewry in the Twentieth Century, 1913-1983. Patterns of Jewish Survival in the Greek Provinces before and after the Holocaust, 2000, . 68.

44

10 (1913-1940)

. % % . % . % %

,1913 (1) 950 8,5

(2), 1920 85 1,5

A (3), 1920 950 150 9,5

(4), 1922 140 2,8

.. (5), 1923 1.112 3,5

, 1924 (6), 160 3

A (7), 1924 1.000 150 10

, 1925 (8) 92 2,8

1928 (9) 718 2 1.148 3,5 176 1,2 651 7,5

, 1930 (10) 160 2,3

,1934-1936 (11) 1.083 3,5

. World Jewry, 1935

(12) 120 0,8

, 1939

(13) 550 2 955 2,9 147 1 768 _ 186 3

. ,

1941 (14) 550 2 700 2,2 20 0,5

Plaut, 1940 (15) 550 2 819 2,5 140 1 900 11,5 197 3

45

: 1. Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIE/29 Zcharia Menachem 1912-1914, , 18 1913 2. //1922/1, , 5/18 1922 3. Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IE/11 Albert Agi, Communaut Isralite 1920-1921, , 10 1920 4. //1922/1, , 5/18 1922 5. , , .. . , 1998, . 537 6. Arch. de lAIU/Grce/VIIB/32 Xanthie, , 23 1924 7. Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IE/11bis Albert Agi, Communaut Isralite 1922-1926, A, 29 1924 8. //. 68, , 5

1925 9. ,, 1928, .. . , 7 10. CAHJP/XAN/5, , 16 1930. 11. , 1934-1936, .. 12. //1935/1, , 1 1935 13. CAHJP/COM/23, , 26

1939. 14. USHMM/RG 46009M/Fond 1/op.1/folder 13, B ( )

1941, 1941 15. Plaut, Greek Jewry in the Twentieth Century, .. . 68.

46

,

,

, 1880-1912

1920.

,

(), .

,

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, 1 -, , . 16. 2 - , , .. . 87. 3 -, : 1870-1920, , ( 3 4 1998), 1999, . 175. 4 - , , .. . 258.

48

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7. , ,

, 15 16 .,

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16 8. ,

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5 . 89. 6 Joshua Starr, The Jews in the Byzantine Empire, 641-1204, 1939 Steven Bowman, The Jews of Byzantium 1204-1453, The University of Alabama Press 1985 , : , , 10 (2004) 85-100 Mark A. Epstein, The Ottoman Jewish Communities and Their Role in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries, 1980 Aryeh Shmuelevitz, The Jews of the Ottoman Empire in the late fifteenth and the sixteenth centuries, 1984. 7 . , , 1964, . 32 Paolo Odorico, , . (.), , ( 29 -3 1993), . , 1998, . 633-648. 8 1530-1531 , . Evangelia Balta, Les Vakifs de Serrs et de sa Rgion (XVe et XVIe s.), 1995, . 268. 9 . , , - , 1991, . 78 ,

49

17 ., ,

10.

11.

( 16 .)

12.

19 .,

, ,

,

13.

1825-1865

,

14. , 1870,

, ,

() ,

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, , , , 5 (1969) 257-266. , . , , .. . 26. 10 , [ ], , 1993, . 49-52 . , , , 7 (1987/90) 190. 11 , , , .. . 44. , . , , .. . 53 , , .. . 186. 12 , - , .. . 283. 13 18 - 19 ., . Covo, Aperu Historique, .. . 12. , , Archiv de l AIU/Grce XXI E/269, , 29 1928. 1806, . William Leake, Travels in Northern Greece, vol. III, London 1835, . 207 , , , 2 (1957) 136-138. 14 1913 , -/ 189/ . 24 . . 15 Archiv de l AIU/Grce VIIB 28, , 21 1874 Archiv de l AIU/Grce ID 3, , 25 1904. Dogharb[e]y mahalessi , . Covo, Aperu Historique, .. . 12, -, . 12 / .. 4925. 1478-1479, . Balta, Les Vakifs de Serrs, .. . 258.

50

( 1)16.

, ,

( )

17. ghetto volontaire (1901),

,

18. 19 .,

, ,

Narl Kchk bahce

( ), 19.

,

,

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1870,

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.

16 , . , , ... , 15 . ( ), 1495, . , , , 170 (- 2000) 12. 20 ., , . , , , 4 ( 1963) 83. , cortijos, . , , , .. . 768. 17 , . 1928, 8 2001. , , . , , .. . 218. 18 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/XXXVE/240 Gumuldjina Barishac Ecoles 1901-1904, , 28 1901. 19 -, . / .. 36 , 1920-1941. 20 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/XXXVE/240. Gumuldjina, Barishac Ecoles 1901-1904, , 28 1901. , , , 2002, . 117. 21 -, . / .. 478.

51

.

( 2)22.

, 17 .,

, 19 ,

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,

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,

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, 1880,

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22Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/XXXVE/240. Gumuldjina, Barishac Ecoles 1901-1904, , 28 1901. 23 , , 1954, . 10-12, , , , , 18 (1953) 7. , , . , , , 37 (1963) 68. , , , , , .. . 10. 24 1858, , . , , .. . 186. 1888 . Arch. de lAIU/Grce//14 Joseph Barishac 1890-1901, , 21 1898 Arch. de lAIU/Grce//14 Joseph Barishac 1890-1901, , 17 1897. 25 , 1885, 100 . , , , .. . 109. 26 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/ID/3, , 15 1901 -/. ,,.

52

.

20 ., 40% ,

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27. , 20 . (1900-

1910),

,

. , 1910

.

,

, ,

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20 .30. , 1912,

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53

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54

2.1.2.

(1913)

(1920),

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33.

, ,

1920.

(1913),

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34.

35.

, ,

2517/1920

.

36. 455/1914

, 1920

( 32 -, , (.), 20 , . 1, , . 243. 33 -, : , (.), 20 ., . 1, 2002, . 103. 34 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/XXIE/282 Semach 1913, , 8 1913. 35 Arch. de lAIU/Grce//279 Mitrani 1918-1932, , 30 1918. 36 4 2517 , , , , /1920/. / . . 231/ 9 1920.

55

)37. 1394/1918,

,

,

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. (1915-1916),

,

- , , 39.

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, ,

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, ,

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37 /1914/. /.. 372/ 11 1914, 11-13. , . . -, . , . , . , . , 1912, , . ( 26-28 1984 29-30 1984), . , 1985, . 406. 38 , , .. . 124. 39 -, . . , . , - , .. . 285-289. 40 , , .. . 39. 41 , . 44. 42 (30 1923) . 1925, , . , , 1927, . 43-44 , , 1990, . 301. , (), , . Panayotis Tsolakis, The Residential Organisation of the Jews in Kastoria, Ioannis Hasiotis, The Jewish Communities of Southeastern Europe from the fifteenth

56

43. ,

1927-1928

, (.

). ,

44. , (

) , 1924-

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, (1929)

(1933)45 [ 7].

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( century to the end of World War II, ( 30 3 1992), 1997, . 547. 43 , . -, , , , , , .. . 414-415. 44 -, . 10-11. 45 , -/ 342/ 1.3. , Arch. de lAIU/Grce/ XXIE/267 Comit scolaire 1921-1932, , 7 1929. , . , , , 167 (- 2000) 12. 46 , . , , 1839-1929, ( 6-9 2006), .

57

).

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51.

52.

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. ,

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. 47-/ 194/ 2-01 21-31. 48 , 16 2004. 49 1924-1926, . , , .. . 72. 1925-1926, Arch. de lAIU/Grce VIIB 32 Xanthie, , 8 1925. 1925, . , , .. . 231, . 12. 50 , -, . /. . 17. , - , 1920-1941. 51 -, . /. . 453. 52 -, . /. . 389 . /. . 238.

58

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59

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63 Esther Benbassa and Aron Rodrique, Sephardi Jewry. A History of the Judeo-Spanish Community, 14th-20th Centuries, California 2000, . 24 , , .. . 59. 64 , . 83. 65 , . 58, 84. 66 1862 , , , , . ose Franco, Essai sur l histoire des Isralites de l Empire Ottoman depuis les origines jusqu nos jours, - 1973, . 165-166, 193. , Arch. de lAIU/Grce/ID/3, , 25 1904. , 1887, . Covo, Aperu Historique, .. . 11. 67 1855 1943. 1878 . , Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/1 Comit Local et scolaire 1904-1909, , 4 1904.

62

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. 20 .

, ,

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.

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.

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68 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIE/23 M. Franco 1903-1905, , 28 1905. 69 , Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IIE/5a Melle Carmona 1907-1909, , 7 I 1906. 1913, Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/3c Bassat 1912-1913, , 15 1913. , Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIC 53-54, , K 17 5679 (8/21 1918). 70 , , , .. . 73-75. 71 , 1880, 1897 [Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IB/5. Nathan Nahmias 1892-1897, , 25 1897]. 1907 1911, [Arch. de l AIU/ Bulgarie/IE/3a, , 6 1907 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IB/ 5. Cavalla, , 15 1911]. 1916 [Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/3d Bassat 1914-1916, , 3 1916]. () [, , 22 1930, . .1252], [/, . , , 25 1938].

63

(1902-1924)72.

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( 1935)74. ,

(1905-1915),

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, (1915-

)76. ,

Commercial Company (1925-1930)

(1930-1936;)77.

72 , 1902, Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIE/ 17. M.G. Covo 1901-1902, , 15 1902. (1905), , Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIE/ 23. M. Franco 1903-1905, , 12 1905. , , 1911 1924, Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIB/ 11. Eliezer Nissim Givr, Comit scolaire et communaut 1903-1915, , 6 1911 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IE/ 11bis. Albert Agi, Communaut Isralite 1922-1926, A, 14 1924. 73 , 1940 , 1899 [Arch. de lAIU/Turquie/XCIVE/ Ddagatch 1898-1906, , 31 1899]. , 1871 [;] 1953 , 1922, , , , 30 /12 1922. 1922. 74 , Arch. de lAIU/Grce/XXIE/277 Benjamin Hakim 1907-1911, , 18 1908. 1921-1932, , -/ 229/ 2.01, . . 12179. , CAHJP/XAN/6, , 9 1935. 75 , , Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IB/6 Gumuldjina 1884-1914, , 26 1912. , Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IB/6 Gumuldjina 1884-1914, , 12 M 1913. 76 -, . / .. 478, , . / .. 443 CAHJP/COM/13, , 19 1938. 77 , 11 1931, .. 251, , 14 1934, .. 298 , , .. . 39.

64

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400-470 , 120 1907

79, ,

,

80. , 30 40

200 1904 81.

,

. 20 .,

,

78 , //1930/1, , 8 1930. , CAHJP/COM/13, , 12 1938 CAHJP/COM/23, , 23 1940. 79Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/ 3a Bassat 1905-1909, , 6 1907. 80 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/ID/3, M, 15 1901. 81 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/ID/3, , 25 1904.

65

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83. , ,

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82 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IIE/5a Melle Carmona 1907-1909, , 7 I 1906. 83 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/ID/3, M, 25 1904. 84 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/XXXVE/240 Gumuldjina Barishac Ecoles 1901-1904, , 28 1901. 85 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/ID/3, M, 25 1904 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/XXXVE/240 Gumuldjina Barishac Ecoles 1901-1904, , 9 1904 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IE/11bis. Albert Agi, Communaut Isralite 1922-1926, A, 21 1924. 86 Arch. de lAIU/Grce//11bis. Albert Agi, Communaut Isralite 1922-1926, , 29 1924. 87 , Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/ 3a Bassat 1905-1909, , 7 1905. , Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/ 3a Bassat 1905-1909, , 16 1906. , Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/ 3a Bassat 1905-1909, , 6 1906. 88 CAHJP/CAV/6, , 19 1927.

66

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68

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74

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107 , , .. . 93. 108 Covo, Aperu Historique, .. . 17. 109 Arch. de lAIU/Grce//14 Joseph Barishac 1890-1901, , 21 1898. 110 CAHJP/CAV/9, , 16 1935. 111 CAHJP/XAN/4, .. , 26 1922 CAHJP/XAN/7, .. , 29 1937. 112 CAHJP/COM/23, , 3 1940. 113 , , .. . 102. 114 Arch. de lAIU/Grce//14 Joseph Barishac 1890-1901, , 21 1898. 115 , , .. 11. 116 Na[h]ar Isral ( ), , Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/1.Comit Local et scolaire 1904-1909, , 4 1904.

75

,

20 .. - ( )

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(1902), Ozer Dalim ( ) 117.

, Ahavat Rhim ( ) 1906

1920118.

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119.

,

.

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,

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, (La Sociedad de Damas)

( 19 .)120.

, 1901

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(Socit des Dames Israelites Cavalla),

117 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/XXIE/275 Dollmann 1904-1906, , 29 1904 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/1 Comit Local et scolaire 1904-1909, , 4 1904 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/ 3a Bassat 1905-1909, , 7 1905. 118 CAHJP/COM/41, , 1928. 1940 , CAHJP/COM/23, , 3 1940. 119 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/3a Bassat 1905-1909, , 7 1905. 120 Arch. de lAIU/Grce//14 Joseph Barishac 1890-1901, , 21 1898, . Rodrigue, Jewish Society, .. . 269. , . Bracha Rivlin, Mutual-Aid societies in Greek-Jewish communities, : ( 23-24 1991), 1995, . 98-99. 121 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/1 Comit Local et scolaire 1904-1909, , 4 1904 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/3a Bassat 1905-1909, , 7 1905.

76

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122 CAHJP/CAV/14, , 20 1922. 123 CAHJP/COM/23, , 3 1940. 124 CAHJP/COM/23, , 8 1940. 125 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/3d Bassat 1914-1916, , 6 1914. 126 CAHJP/CAV/9, , 16 1935.

77

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127 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/3b. Bassat 1910-1911, , 3 1911. 128 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/XXIE/277 Hakim 1907-1911, , 14 1910. 129 , Arch. de l AIU/ Bulgarie/IE/3b, , 31 1911 Arch. de l AIU/ Grce/IB/5, , 6 1912.

79

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(Talmudei Torah), .

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1 18 . 19, . Robertson, The Jewish Question, .. . 13, , . Benbassa, The Jews of France, .. . 29. 2 , . Rodrigue, French Jews, Turkish Jews, .. . 35-36. 3 , , .. , . 1472-1481 Avram Galante, Histoire des Juifs de Turquie, . 2, 1985, . 58-60.

80

. , Alliance Isralite Universelle

(1860) ,

,

(1862), 4.

,

,

5.

,

.

1863

1873

6. 1865

1867

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81

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8 19 ., . , , 1970, . 48-49. 9 Covo, Aperu Historique, .. . 15. 10 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/VIIB/28 Serrs/Faraggi Moise Josef 1873-1884, , 21 1869. , . Rodrigue, French Jews, urkish Jews, .. . 49. 11 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/VB/24 Danon 1893, , 8 1893. 12 Covo, Aperu Historique, .. . 15. 13 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/VB/24 Danon 1893, , 8 1893. 14 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/VIIB/28 Serrs/Faraggi Moise Josef 1873-1884, , 21 1869. , . , , .. . 49.

82

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15 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/VIIB/28 Serrs/Faraggi Moise Josef 1873-1884, , 16 1883. 16 Arch. de lAIU/Grce//14 Joseph Barishac 1890-1901, , 1 1890 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IB/6 Gumuldjina 1884-1914, , 1899. 17 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/XXXVE/240 Gumuldjina, Barishac Ecoles 1901-1904, , 28 1901 Arch. de lAIU/Grce//14 Joseph Barishac 1890-1901, , 21 1898. 18 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/XXXVE/240 Gumuldjina Barishac Ecoles 1901-1904, , 14 1904. 19 1865 , . Rodrigue, French Jews, urkish Jews, .. . 50. , Arch. de lAIU/Grce//14 Joseph Barishac 1890-1901, , 15 1897. 20 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/1 Comit Local et scolaire 1904-1909, , 4 1904. 1885, IAYE/1894/..., , 1894. Arch. de lAIU/Grce//5 Nahmias Nathan 1892-1897, , 25 1897. Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/1 Comit Local et scolaire 1904-1909, , 4 1904.

83

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(1883-1889),

,

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19 .,

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1900 21 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IB/6 Gumuldjina 1884-1914, , 1899. 22 Arch. de lAIU/Grce /14 Joseph Barishac 1890-1901, , 1 1890. 23 Arch. de lAIU/Grce// 5 Nahmias Nathan 1892-1897, , 25 1897. 24 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/VIIB/ 28 Serrs, , 22 1896. 25 Arch. de lAIU/Grce//274 Mercado Covo 1897-1907, , 30 1901. 26 Rodrigue, Jewish Society, .. . 269. 27 Arch. de lAIU/Grce//14. Joseph Barishac 1890-1901, , 17 1897. 28 Arch. de lAIU/Turquie/XCIVE/Ddagatch 1898-1906, , 3 1898.

84

3.000 . 29.

,

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(1880-1900),

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.

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(1882)

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29Arch. de lAIU/Turquie/XCIVE/Ddagatch 1898-1906, , 9 1900 Arch. de lAIU/Turquie/XCIVE/Ddagatch 1898-1906, , 18 1900. 30 , , Arch. de lAIU/Turquie/XCIVE/Ddagatch 1898-1906, , 29 1898. 1.000.000 . ( 1873) , . Rodrigue, French Jews, urkish Jews, .. . 55. 31 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/XXXVE/240 Gumuldjina Barishac Ecoles 1901-1904, , 14 1904. 32 Marc D. Angel Solomon Gaon, The Jews of Rhodes: The History of a Sephardic Community, 1980, . 78.

85

,

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.

86

3.2. (1900-1912)

19 . 20 .,

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(1884)34, (1897)35,

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( 20 .)37, (1904)38,

(1910)39

33 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/XXIE/277 Benjamin Hakim 1907-1911, , 26 1907, Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IB/6 Gumuldjina 1884-1914, , 12 1907. 34 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IB/6 Gumuldjina 1884-1914, , 27 1884. 35 Arch. de lAIU/Grce// 5 Nahmias Nathan 1892-1897, , 25 1897. , Arch. de lAIU/Grce//5 Nahmias Nathan 1892-1897, , 28 1892. 36 Arch. de lAIU/Grce//14 Joseph Barishac 1890-1901, , 15 1897. 37 Arch. de lAIU/Grce//17 M.G. Covo 1901-1902, , 1901. 38 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/XXIE/275 Dollmann 1904-1906, , 29 1904. 39 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/3b Bassat 1910-1911, , 4 1910.

87

(1924)40

(. 2)41.

,

.

,

.

, 19 . 20 .,

(

1.200 3.000 )42.

.

.

, Ecole Normale Isralite Orientale,

,

43.

,

1901,

(1904) 44.

(1905),

45.

20 .,

,

(1910), 40 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IE/11bis Albert Agi, Communaut Isralite 1922-1926, , 13 1924. 41 , , : , Arch. de lAIU/Grce/VIIB/28 Serrs, Faraggi Moise Josef 1873-1884, , 23 1873. 42 Rodrigue, French Jews, urkish Jews, .. . 90. 43 1867 , , , , , . 73. 44 Bulletin de L AIU, . 64/N. 27 (1902) 150, 66/. 29 (1904) 113, 120. 45 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/3a Bassat 1905-1909, , 7 1905.

88

(1906)46.

,

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,

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,

1904, 47.

, (1909) (1910-

1911), ,

48. ,

,

49.

,

,

,

,

.

1910 ( 1),

( 73,57%):

(28,14%),

(26,04%), ,

(19,39%),

. 46 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/XXXVE/240 Gumuldjina, Saltiel Carasso, Comit scholaire 1905, , 12 1907 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IB/6 Gumuldjina 1884-1914, , 26 1910 Arch. de lAIU/Turquie/XCIVE/Ddagatch 1898-1906. 47 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/1 Comit Local et scolaire 1904-1909, , 4 1904. , . Angel Gaon, The Jews of Rhodes, .. . 80. 48 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/VIIB/28 Serrs, Communaut et comit scolaire 1905-1913, , 16 1909. 1910, Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IE/12 . Atti 1910-1912, A, 27 1910, 27 1911, , Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IE/12 . Atti 1910-1912, , 3 1911, . Rodrigue, Jewish Society, .. . 272. 49 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/VIIB/28 Serrs, Communaut et comit scolaire 1905-1913, , 10 1908.

89

,

50. , ,

51.

,

, ,

,

(23,25% 1910),

(3,18% 1910).

(

4,49% )

.

, ,

.

52.

50 , , .. . 480. 51 1912, , , 40% 65% 1905-1910, Bulletin de L AIU, . 75 /. 38 (1913) 123. 52 , , .. . 454.

90

1

Alliance Isralite Universelle (1910) [ ]

A

IU

,

,

3.935,00 1.811,00 2.400,00 420,00 776,85 9.342,85 1.519,20 3.029,00 2.846,50 2.100,00 435,50 3.829,00 12.240,00 339,50 2.564,80 2.008,85 1.772,00 400,00 2.143,50 8.889,15 1.570,00 3.609,50 2.900,00 901,40 8.980,90

10.098,80 10.275,85 9.172,00 1.255,50 7.650,75 39.452,90 1.858,70 28,14% 26,04% 23,25% 3,18% 19,39% 100%

: Bulletin de L AIU, . 73 /. 36 (1911).

91

3.3.

,

1870,

,

19 .53. ,

( 1890)

,

54. ,

(1897),

(1898)55. ,

(1886)56. , 19 .,

57.

20 .

, .

(1900) (1901) 77 63

58. ,

.

(, )

59.

53 1874 , . , , .. . 153. 1870, . , , .. , . 1487. 1853. 1880 , . , , .. . 49. 54 Arch. de lAIU/Grce//14 Joseph Barishac 1890-1901, , 1 1890. 55 Arch. de lAIU/Grce//14 Joseph Barishac 1890-1901, , 21 1898. 56 Arch. de lAIU/Grce//268 Azaria Jacob 1883-1886, , 8 1886. 57Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IB/6 Gumuldjina 1884-1914, , 1899. 58 (1902), . Angel Gaon, The Jews of Rhodes, .. . 79. 59 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/1.Comit Local et scolaire 1904-1909, , 4 1904. ,

92

,

(, , ,

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60.

,

, ,

.

,

, 61.

(1910)62. , , ,

,

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63.

,

64.

,

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, . Rachel Simon, Between the family and the Outside World: Jewish Girls in the Modern Middle East and North Africa, Jewish Social Studies, vol. 7.1. (2000) 81-108. 60 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/XXXVE/240 Gumuldjina, Barishac Ecoles 1901-1904, , 28 1901. 61 1907 , Arch. de lAIU/Grce/XXIE/277 Benjamin Hakim 1907-1911, , 21 1907. 62 , 100 , Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/3b Bassat 1910-1911, , 4 1910. 63 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/1 Comit Local et scolaire 1904-1909, , 4 1904. 64 Rodrigue, French Jews, Turkish Jews, .. . 78. , . , . - 19 20, . Benbassa, The Jews of France, .. . 128.

93

-

( , , )65.

,

66.

65 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/5a Melle Carmona 1907-1909, , 7 1906 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/5a Melle Carmona 1907-1909, , 28 1909. , , Arch. de lAIU/Grce//26 Nissim Guron 1905-1908, , 25 1906 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/5a Melle Carmona 1907-1909, , 1 1908. 66 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/3b Bassat 1910-1911, , 4 1910.

94

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.

,

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20 67.

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67 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/1 Comit Local et scolaire 1904-1909, , 4 1904. 68 , , Registre gnral des inscriptions d lves 1888-19[86] ( ). T 1888-1912 . 69 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/XXIE/275 Dollmann 1904-1906, , 3 1905. 70 Arch. de lAIU/Grce//14 Joseph Barishac 1890-1901, , 27 1899 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIE/23 M. Franco 1903-1905, , 25 1905 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/3a Bassat 1905-1909, , 6

95

, (

)

71. ,

.

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72. , ,

73.

, ,

.

,

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74.

1908

:

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, 1906 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIE/26 Guron Nissim 1905-1908, , 3 1908. 71 1885-1893 (Socit d apprentissage) . , , , Arch. de lAIU/Grce//14 Joseph Barishac 1890-1901, , 21 1898, . Rodrigue, Jewish Society, .. . 275. , , 1894 , Arch. de lAIU/Grce/XXE/259 Xanthi, -, 7/20 1894. 72 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/3a Bassat 1905-1909, , 6 1906. 73 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/3a Bassat 1905-1909, , 8 1906. 74 Rodrigue, French Jews, Turkish Jews, .. . 116.

96

.

. ,

75.

,

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,

, 76.

, ,

,

77. :

. ,

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79.

80.

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75 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/XXIE/277 Benjamin Hakim 1907-1911, , 10 1908. 76 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/3b Bassat 1910-1911, , 5 1910. 77 Rodrigue, French Jews, Turkish Jews, .. . 88. 78 , . 77. 79 , , .. . 156. 80 , 1894 , . Rodrigue, French Jews, Turkish Jews, .. . 86-87.

97

81. ,

,

( )

.

,

,

82.

,

, ,

83,

84.

,

.

,

. ,

.

81 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/3a Bassat 1905-1909, , 2 1908. 82 , Arch. de lAIU/Grce/XXIE/275 Dollmann 1904-1906, , 3 1905. 83 , Arch. de lAIU/Grce/XXIE/277 Benjamin Hakim 1907-1911, , 10 1908. - , Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie//5a Melle Carmona 1907-1909, , 7 1906. , Arch. de lAIU/Grce/VIIB/28 Serrs, Communaut et comit scolaire 1905-1913, , 12 1909. 84 , Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IE/12 . Atti 1910-1912, A, 21 1910.

98

,

85.

. , ,

86.

, (1883-1901)

(1903-1905) , (1905-1926)

(1913-1924)

.

, .

20% ,

, ( 6-15

),

1905-1909 ( 2)87. ,

(18,10% 22,10%)

(16,16%)

. , (12%)

. ,

( 15,33% 13,22%), ,

88. 1912 7,20%

.

89.

85 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/3b Bassat 1910-1911, , 3 1911. 86 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/ID/3, , 25 1904. 87 Rodrigue, French Jews, Turkish Jews, .. . 93. 88 Bulletin de L AIU, . 73/ . 36 (1911) 93. 89 Bulletin de L AIU, . 74/ . 37 (1912) 106.

99

, , ,

90:

.

.

.

.

,

91.

2

(1905-1909)

A

(1905)

(1909)

144 12,00% 145 12,08% 125 86 151 152

276 15,33% 238 13,22% 172 18,10% 210 22,10% 194 16,16% 592 15,14% 787 15,89%

: Bulletin de L AIU, . 68/ . 31 (1906) . 72/ . 35 (1910).

, ,

92. ,

90 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/3a Bassat 1905-1909, , 8 1906. 91 (1906) , Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/3a Bassat 1905-1909, , 7 1906. 92 () , Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/XXXVE/ 240 Gumuldjina, Hasson Ecoles 1912-1914, , 27 1914.

100

,

93. 1894

(1908)

94.

.

- ,

, .

:

(

)

, ,

, ,

95.

, ,

.

, Socit Isralite de bienfaisance

(1872) Bouche de Pain (1908),

96.

, Socit de bienfaisance des lves ,

93 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/3d Bassat 1914-1916, , 29 1915. , , , , Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/3a Bassat 1905-1909, , 6 1906. 94 Rodrigue, French Jews, Turkish Jews, .. . 86-87. 95 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIE/29 Zcharia Menachem 1912-1914, , 19 1913. 96 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/VIIB/28 Serrs, , 21 1875 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/3a Bassat 1905-1909, , 2 1908.

101

97. ,

(1912)98.

, Socit le lecture isralite

(1904) 99.

,