ο ο οο ο ,. ο ο m rf _ τί« m CM ro r- "Φ Ο 00 Ο c ι η ο Ν ^ Ε- —· in in

332

986'

Ο Ο ^ -Η ο m Ο 00 «Ό Ο xf ©·· Tf ro O

740

,531 001

195

ο **» Ο CM Ο ^ ιη ρο

<*Μ

427

318 348

619

THE CHEMICAL WORLD THIS WEEK

r f CM ro fM rvj Ο Tt4

: i f pf f2

• so m

OroOO o in co -2

- « - ο 00 οο Ο L_ οο ο οο ^ ο ο Ν σ

H ο

α < ο

. ο _

Ο «f Ο Ο Ο 00

• Ο !>· • Ο Ο • r* ο

il ι*· principal reasons for the expansion in Texas H e a d s List. Among individual the Southwest. Midwest expansion has states, Texas leads with projects totaling also been in petrochemicals, based on local over $435 million: Louisiana is second with H-is fields and gas brought in by pipeline almost $203 million, and Michigan is third Irom the Southwest. with $150.8 million.

Principal speakers at t he National Fertilizer Association's southern convention included W. R. Allstetter ( l e f t ) , vice president of NFA; E . A. Ceoghcgen , Southern Cotton Oil Co . ; Wil lard M. Fifield, director of the Agricultural Exper iment Station, University of Florida; and War ren Carst, Home State Bank, Jefferson, Iowa

r ΓΜ οο ο

7 °" £ ° '- i n »Λ f » - ! . . ! o T i ^ <?

'• * · · · · t^ £ ro • J ro -^ CM

ο

ί ° c Ο es Ζ. :S

Q W tu U W CL iTi

W

PC

c 55

C/3

5 5 < D S 5

c

p * £ o u 55 Ο U

C/)

55

55 W 55 α

P.* «

C&EN REPORTS: National Fertilizer Association

Early Figures Indicate Rising Supply, Demand for Fertilizer

NFA stepping up campaign to educate fa rmers and bankers on economics of fertilizer use

0.5

C O R N

AMERICA'S FARMERS CAN PROFITABLY USE FAR MORE FERTILIZER THAN THEY DO (IN M/LLIONS OF TONS)

i960 ACTUAL USE

POTENTIAL*

6.2

COTTON WHEAT PASTURES

IWfWi.tf:. SflfTwÇ *.WiC**Ai Fi;ltTitt£i.H'Jm+j»

5044 C Η Ε M I C A L Λ Ν D f Ν G Ι Ν Ε Ε R ! Ν G Ν Ε W S

THE CHEMICAL WORLD THIS WEEK

N I T R O G E N SUPPLIES ARE INCREAS­ING TO MEET DEMAND

MILLIONS OF TONS

POTASH SUPPLIES UP βοο,οοα TONS

BY 1955

2,185,000 TONS

1,850,000 TONS

, 5 8 5 , 0 0 0 TONS

!952 1953 1955

PHOSPHORIC ACID SUPPLIES CONTINUE TO GROW . ,955

1952 2 , 2 3 5

MILLION TONS

J 1953

3 , 4 8 5 MILLION

TONS

USED

2,465 MILLION

TONS

SUPPLY GOAL

M I W I I B E A C H . - S u p p l i e s of fertilizer will he considerably greater in t h e 1952-

.5> fertilizer year than ever before, pre­dicted \V. R. Allstetter in a report to the 2f>th annual southern convention ol the National Fertilizer Association. Demand also will he up if reported shipments in the Ju ly-September quarter are a t rue indication. Mr. Allstetter, who is vice president of NFA, cited preliminary U. S. Department of Agriculture est imates show-inn that nitrogen will he up l l ' r in 1952-Γνϊ over 1951-52. I V ) . up 10" , , and K.O up \7f/f.

hooking further ahead to the Depart­ment of Agriculture goals for 195-1-55, he said that even larger increases of nitrogen and P»0-, a re called for in the following two years. Mis comparison of 1953 esti­mated supplies with 1955 goals shows that during that two-year period nitrogen will be up 38 ' · ; , Ρ,Ο up Π ' , , and K\0 up 17' ; .

He admit ted that these projected in­creases are large but firmly voiced the (»pinion that the potential market exists. In hacking up this opinion Mr. Allstetter said that t he country is now consuming feitili/t*r far below the amounts recom­mended by land-grant colleges.

G r e a t Po ten t i a l . Continuing, the NFA rive president said that if one were to calculate the amount of fertilizer that

The Week's Events Modern Instrumentation Will Bring

Knowledge of Nuclear Structure 5048 Pedman Honored by ACS Cali­

fornia Section 5049 Paint Industry Sees Bright Outlook

for Raw Materials 5050 FPVPC Urges Emphasis on Research

and Education 5052 Fiber Structure of New Rayon Is

Close to That of Natural Cellu­lose 5056

More Research in Small Colleges Urged 5056

U. S. Says Du Pont Has Violated Sherman and Clayton Acts 5060

would be used if every acre were farmed for maximum profit the fertilizer potential wou ld be far greater even than that indi­ca ted above.

"Consider corn, for example. Most in­formed agriculturists would, if they were rais ing to rn , put on every acre fertilizers conta in ing at least o() pounds of nitrogen as well as considerable amounts of o ther nu t r i en t s . " he stated. Maybe the* average would be more like KM) pounds of nitrogen

to the acre. They would do this because they woidd figure it to be profitable. The (i(î pounds of nitrogen on every acre of corn would amount to over 2.5 million tons ol contained nitrogen, 15'r more th.m the· I 'SDA's nitrogen goal foi til crop-, in 1955.'

Mr. Allstetter stressed the point that emphasis should be pu t on the economic aspects of fertilizer use. H e believes that there is great opportuni ty now to per-

D1ISOBUTYL CARBiNOL

CH3CHCH2CHCH2CHCH3

CH3 OH CH3

b.p. 1 7 8 . 3 D C.

TtiWtETHYL N O N ¥ t ALCOHOL

Cff3CHCH2CHCH2CHCH2CHCH3

ι i t ι Crb OH Qh CHj

h,p. 225,2 ' C

NEED A HIGHER ALCOHOL? Ava i lab le m tank car quanti t ies . ., .

Use? these higher alcohols as intermediates for surface' octîv§ agents, lubricant oddtt ives, rubber chtwvcais, <jfld f lo ta t ion ©CJ^HK

Fof SLiitiples out! uddlitiotml information wf'tt* Ici

,,.. CARBIDE ANP CARBON

V Ο L U M E 3 0, N O 4 8 D E C E M B E R 1, 1 9 5 2 5 0 4 5

CHEMiCAl$,..COMFANV ~~p«~-~ â'Wfifittt si *rrrr™?rr tuft» c«rbM* mê $wM&ltàpm$ijùk'

FOR MAXIMUM ELECTRICAL

SPECIFY

5046 C H E M I C A L A N D Ε Ν G t Ν Ε Ε R I Ν G Ν Ε W S

PROPERTIES AT MINIMUM COST...

Firestone EXON 500

Many of America's leading electrical manufacturers have found that Firestone ΕΧΟΝ 500 is an ideal vinyl resin from which to produce thermoplastic insulation for wiring. This resin has many characteristics that make it 4,a natural" for applications of this type.

A N A C O N D A W ire and Cable Company, for example, uses Firestone ΕΧΟΝ 500 in the formulation of Densheath, their internationally-accepted thermoplastic insulation.

ΕΧΟΝ 500 is a high molecular weight polyvinyl chloride resin that has excellent electrical properties, color, heat and light stability, physical toughness and chemical inertness. Therefore, thermoplas­tic insulation made from ΕΧΟΝ 500 is resistant to flame, oxygen, sunlight, moisture, acids, abrasion, most oils and grease.

Underwriters' Laboratories have approved compounds made from ΕΧΟΝ 500 for PVC interchangeability and, in addition, com­pounds containing ΕΧΟΝ 500 have been approved for specific applications. ΕΧΟΝ 500 compounds are easily and inexpensively processed and can be extruded directly around wire as insulation. Code colors can be blended right into the formulation.

For assistant /// the application of ΕΧΟΝ 500, or any other ΕΧΟΝ resin, write or call:

CHEMICAL SALES DIVISION, Dept.7E F I R E S T O N E P L A S T I C S C O . , P O T Ï S T O W N , PA.

V O L U M E 3 0, N O . 4 8 . . D E C E M B E R 1 , 1 9 5 2

FORM

PROPERTIES OF

ΕΧΟΝ 500

TABLE I Resin Physical Properties

WHITE POWDER

Specific Gravity 1.40 Average Bulking Density, . . . 0.50

gm/c.c. Average Relative Viscosity . . . 2.55

TABLE II Electrical Properties of a Typical Wire Compound

Insulation Resistance (15.6°Ci (Megohms/1000 it J

Dielectric Constant i23°C) . (SIC one day)

Dielectric Strength. KV. , . (in oil at 23°Ci

Power Factor (60 cycles at 23'')

4500

. 7

.-36

0.100

5047

THE CHEMICAL WORLD THIS WEEK

Modern Instrumentation Will Bring Knowledge of Nuclear Structure

Isadore Perlman recognized for contributions to nuclear chemistry

s u a d e m o r e f a r m e r s to look at t h e e c o ­nomics of fer t i l izer u s a g e .

Agr icu l tura l C r e d i t . A final p o i n t cov ­e r e d hy Mr. A l l s t e t t e r ' s ou t look w a s t h e p r o b l e m of f a r m e r s ' ab i l i ty to p u r c h a s e fer t i l izer . H e r e h e r e p o r t e d t h a t t h e N F A w a s s t e p p i n g u p i ts c a m p a i g n to e d u c a t e b o t h t h e f a r m e r s a n d loca l h a n k e r s o n t h e a d v a n t a g e s of e x t e n d i n g a g r i c u l t u r a l c red i t on a p r i v a t e e n t e r p r i s e bas i s . l i e u r g e d N F A m e m b e r s to t a k e u p t h i s pro jec t in t h e i r h o m e c o m m u n i t i e s .

C o n t i n u i n g on tin's p r o b l e m of a g r i c u l ­tu ra l c r ed i t , W a r r e n C a r s t of t h e H o m e S t a t e Bank , Je f fe rson . I o w a , sa id t h a t sur ­veys s h o w t h a t c r e d i t is not t h e major fac tor in e n c o u r a g i n g t h e use of fe r t i l i zers a n d o t h e r i m p r o v e d f a r m p r a c t i c e s . H e c h i d e d t h e fer t i l izer i n d u s t r y for lack of an i m a g i n a t i v e p r o m o t i o n a n d sa les c a m ­p a i g n to effectively r e a c h f a rmers . Po in t ­ing ou t th.it sales r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s of t h e i n d u s t r y p r ac t i ca l l y n e v e r ca l l ed o n local b a n k e r s a n d o t h e r c o m m u n i t y l e a d e r s , M r . G a r s t sa id th i s w a s a n a r e a of g rea t p r o m i s e in g e t t i n g a c r o s s t he s tory of fer­t i l izer e c o n o m i c s .

Land-Grant C o l l e g e s . W i l l a r d M . F i -field, d i r e c t o r of t h e A g r i c u l t u r a l E x p e r i ­m e n t S t a t i o n , U n i v e r s i t y of F l o r i d a , r e ­m i n d e d t h e N F A m e m b e r s of t h e g rea t c o n t r i b u t i o n s of t h e l a n d - g r a n t co l l eges . C i t i n g t h e s t a t e a g r i c u l t u r a l e x p e r i m e n t s t a t ion a s o n e of t h e m o r e i m p o r t a n t p a r t s of t h e l a n d - g r a n t col lege· s y s t e m lie r e ­v i e w e d s o m e of t h e d e v e l o p m e n t s of t h e F l o r i d a s t a t ion . A m o n g t h e m w e r e t in-o r ig ina l a n a l y s e s b y t h e s ta t ion r-heinists w h i c h l e d to tLc d e v e l o p m e n t of tin» grea t F l o r i d a p h o s p h a t e i n d u s t r y , t h e i n t r o d u c ­t ion of t r a c e e l e m e n t s such as c o p p e r , m a n g a n e s e , b o r o n , z inc , and m o l y b d e n u m to o v e r c o m e the s p e c i a l défit iericies o! F l o r i d a soils and m a k e poss ib le s t a l e s ' tn t i l t imi l l inu do l l a r c r o p s , th · · < on t rn l of p e s t s a n d b l i g h t s h \ d e v e l o p i n g < ÎMIIIM a! con t ro l a g e n t s a n d p e r f e c t i n g i»-sist.mt t y p e s of p l a n t s . An e x a m p l e ot th i s is t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n of t h e f a m o u s e a i h a m a t e - / m t f u n g i c i d e w h i c h in o n e \ e a i a l o n e w a s c r e d i t e d wii l i s a v i n g t h e H a d e C u u n t v p o t a t o g r o w e r s SI m i l l i o n .

A m m o n i a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y . HIM Ο j o i / m · . -tha t t h e fe i t i l i / e r m d u s t i v ne»aU be t te r r e s e a r c h a n d t » e h n o l o g v . tb»· N'F.A con ­t i n u e d its r<-< eut ly i n i t i a t ed t i e n d t o w a r d m o r e { e t h n i c a l p i o g r a n i s f o r t ins session F d w in (" K a p u s t a . «hei i i i . «! c o g u e , · ) 4#i, t h e \ F \ staff a r i ang» d a svnipoMiiin on a m m o n i a t i o n tet Imologv I o n r exper t* •»* t h e i n d l l s t l V « e V i e W e d lu.iliV of th* t l l c k v p i o b l e m s of t h e | Ι Ι Ο Ο Λ , w h e | e h \ n i t i n g e n Is a d d e d t o s i i p e r p h o s p h i t e v F i . h s p e a k e r lit h i s o \ \ ! i WaV p o i n t e d o u i t h a t f e t t i l l / ' - ï

ui.mnf.ti t u i c todav is not mere ly a iu.tu.es of s, r> eaiiitg. g i i i i d m g . and b l e n d i n g drv ma te r i a l s ΑΙΪΛ t h e n s h i p p i n g t h e s e out as finished p r o d u i t s Ί he t r e a t i n g of s i iper-p h o s p h a t e s With \ . « n o u s n i t i o g e n s o l u t i o n s involves c o m p l e x ch* ιηκ al ' e a c t s o n s a n d problem·» ot p h y s i c a l c o n d i t i o n s r e q u i r e m o d e r n c h e m i c a l e n g i n e e r i n g to a c h i e v e p i o t l m t s At cfflt l e n t « o p e r a t i n g c o s t s ,

5048

C&EN REPORTS: California Section Award

B E R K E L E Y , C A L I F . — T e c h n i q u e s a n d i n s t r u m e n t s of a d v a n c e d d e s i g n h a v e m a d e p o s s i b l e t h e g a t h e r i n g of d a t a n e c e s s a r y for c o m p l e t e u n d e r s t a n d i n g of n u c l e a r p h e n o m e n a , s a id I s a d o r e P e r l m a n in his Ca l i fo rn i a Sec t ion A w a r d a d d r e s s h e r e Nov. 14. T h e s p e a k e r , w h o w a s h o n o r e d lor h i s o u t s t a n d i n g w o r k in n u c l e a r c h e m ­ist r>, p r e d i c t e d t h a t n e w m e a s u r e m e n t s a n d f u r t h e r r e f i n e m e n t s in i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n w o u l d h a d to new t o o l s for u n d e r s t a n d i n g nuc le . t r s t r u c t u r e . D r . r V r l m a n , of t h e l nivers.it> of Ca l i fo rn i a r a d i a t i o n l a b o ­r a t o r y is t h e s e c o n d t o r e c e i v e t h e a w a r d g iven annua l lv b> t h e Ca l i fo rn i a S e c t i o n of t h e A M I nit w ( J I I . M K u . S o r n i Y .

in h i s a c c e p t a n c e a d d r e s s , t h e m e d a l i s t dist u s sed t h e resu l t s o ! o n e p r o g r a m of the rest an ii g r o u p w h i c h h e h e a d s . T h i s p r o g r a m , b i o a d l y . is c o n c e r n e d w i t h m i · d e i s t a n d m g t h e n u c l e a r p r o p e r t i e s of t he e l e m e n t s in t h e u p p e r p a r t of t h e p e r i o d i c t ab l e t hose f rom lead u p w a r d . T h i s w o r k h a d i ts i n c e p t i o n in t h e i n v e s t i g a t i o n of t h e r a d i o a c t i v e p i o p e r t i e s ot t h e e l e m e n t s a r o u n d b i s u i u t h a n d lead , w h i c h cons t i ­t u t e t h e l o w e r end of the n a t u r a l r a d i o ­a c t i v e det av series a n d led evet i tua l l> to the ft niiioî it ion «it a t h e o r y w h i c h ρ· · ι-i m t t e i ! . fui tin fust t i m e , a c o r r e l a t i o n ot t h e , d p h a d e av p r o p e r t i e s of all t he h- a w e l e m e n t s . '

In d i s i u - s i n g t h e I T M M H b tha t p o i n t e d tin w av t o t h e d e v e l o p m e n t of th i s t h e o r v . I n I V d m a n p o i n t e d out t h a t o n e ot th.-e.olv a c h i e v e m e n t s ot q u a n t u m m e c h a n i c s \v.,s t h e d e r i v a t i o n oi .ι « |uant itativ e r«*la-ti l . ip b e t w e e n th- ha l l -life of an ..Iph..-. n u t t e r . u n i I ts t ie . ,V e n t l g v A s D t l ' e | h Mian -.nil Ins . t r w o i k e i s h e g . m to t o at ijev\ «lit .» p a l t l c u l a l l v t h o s . · i , t j i d , · m o l e f t -• « - n t h t h - . o v e i e d i . i d i o a t t i V e sjn-c l i ' v It b e , O O . * t V i d e n t t h a t t h e . • ' p h Λ - «*Π Ι 11 t « I -

. ..u!,l be d i v i d e d m t . . two b r o a d «. l a w -t» t i n t o b e v e d t i e m a t h e m a t i c a l * o , -inula fe iu .uk ddv w e!l en l t h o s e toi w h n h t h e t a h u ! t i e d 1...Ï! f ix , s u n , , , Λ . 1 1 1 , b l · . s h o i n - r th m t h e -,iit- , - m d ν . dues Ί he t h . ο ι ν p r o p o s , d bv I >t l - . - ι Ι ι ι ι . , ι , t o ,H · • o u n t foi t h i s p h e i a a o » ?.ο:, w h i l e no» ve t - e - s , , p t l h l e t o I J g o » - - M s • M . ( U : . e : i » , , ! s l . t l t l e . t t -

J t i e i i t . p e i m i t s t h , « i i i e . a u \ « n , t | a - sj g m n e t , ! o t lit W f a d i u . o t i o v ' l o i r · , t o t h e p r o p e l « l a s s a n d a n .e * Ui a t e f>i« d u t i o n o i t h t h a ! i - t : \ e s o ! t h u s . s p a a h s b e l o n g i n g t o th . .-«nomoîous. gi^Mip

Dr lVfhn. t t i s n m m a i i / e d t h e w o i k on t i l l s ï e - s e . i î . h p i n g l a U t t o ύάί* W i t h t h e s t a t t i J i c n t t h a t HOW " i t Is p o s s f c b h t o p i e -d a t t l n a V e n e r g i e s a i d t i o m t h e s e . t o

C Η Ε Μ I C A L

c a l c u l a t e h a l t - l i v e s . " T h i s ab i l i t y to p r e ­d i c t n u c l e a r p r o p e r t i e s h a s b e e n ot i m ­m e a s u r a b l e a s s i s t a n c e in t h e d e s i g n of t r a n s m u t a t i o n e x p e r i m e n t s l e a d i n g to t h e d i s c o v e r y of n e w t r a n s u r a n i u m e l e m e n t s a n d a l s o h a s a n i m p o r t a n t b e a r i n g o n m a n y p r a c t i c a l a s p e c t s of t h e a t o m i c e n ­e r g y p r o g r a m , p a r t i c u l a r l y in t h e d e s i g n of new u n c l e a r r e a c t o r s .

A b o u t t h e M e d a l i s t . I n t r o d u c t o r y r e ­m a r k s d e s c r i b i n g t h e life a n d w o r k of t h e m e d a l i s t w e r e d e l i v e r e d b y G l e n n T . S e a -b o r g , U n i v e r s i t y of C a l i f o r n i a r a d i a t i o n l a b o r a t o r y , h i s s c h o o l - m a t e , n e i g h b o r , a n d l o n g - t i m e c o l l e a g u e . In a d d i t i o n to t h e w o r k w h i c h t h e m e d a l i s t h imse l f d e s c r i b e d in his a c c e p t a n c e a d d r e s s , D r . S e a b n r g a l so br ief ly d i s c u s s e d D r . P e r l m a n s r e ­s e a r c h in s u c h i m p o r t a n t f ields as t h e m e c h a n i s m of h i g h e n e r g y n u c l e a r r e a c ­t ions ; t h e i s o l a t i o n of t h e e l e m e n t c u r i u m in p u r e n i a e r o s c o p i c f o r m ; a n d , in H)4'>— •14, t h e d i s c o v e r y of t h e c h e m i c a l p r o p ­e r t i e s of a n d s e p a r a t i o n p r o c e s s e s for. t h e s v n t h e t i c e l e m e n t , p l u t o n i u m .

Dr . P e r l m a n s s t u d i e s of t h e y i e ld s f r o m m a n y d i f f e r e n t h i g h e n e r g y n u c l e a r r e a c ­t ions , i n c l u d i n g t h e s o - c a l l e d s p a l l a t i o n i t -ac t ions , h a v e s h e d m u c h l igh t on th*· m e a n s b y w h i c h h i g h e n e r g y p a r t i c l e s t i a n s i m t t h e i r e n e r g y to nuc le i a n d t h e p a t h s t h r o u g h w h i c h t h e h i g h l y e x c i t e d nut lei d i s s i p a t e t h e i r e n e r g y in t u r n O n · · of th»* u n e x p e c t e d r e s u l t s of th i s w o r k w ts t h e d i s c o v e r s <»i an e n t i r e h new t v p e ot inn l ea r r e a c t i o n bv w h i c h it is p o s ­s ib le t o o b t a i n nuc l e i oi h i g h · ι a t o i i n e n u m b e r t h a n t h e s u m of t h e c h a r g e s of t h e projet t i l e a n d t h e ta rge t n u c l e u s

Di S e a b o ï g w e n t on to d e s c i i h e th»· work of | ) r . l V i l m a u tiiil h i s s t u d e n t I . . H W e i u e r m 1»MT w h i c h led t o t h e iso­la t ion of m i c r o g r a m q u a n t i t i e s of th»* fou r th t r a n s u r a n i u m e l e m e n t , c u r i u m . T h i s m i n u t e a m o u n t ot t h e e l e m e n t w . i s Us. «I t o o b t a i n t u n v i n t m g e w d e n e e fo l t h e

V a l i d i t y of t h e a c t i n i d e t h e o | > o ! h e a v ν t h u n n t s t l t i c t l l l e .

I he m e d a l i s t w a s o n e of tht* Lev m e n in t he w a r t i m e atomic en»*l g> p r o g r a m . m d h e v d u a h l e w o r k tan t h e c h e m i s t ! ν «d p l u t o n i u m at t h e m é t a l l u r g i e d I f b o r a t o i v in ( ' I m a g o in I 'M > a m i it O a k Kidg , t h e f o l l o w i n g \tMi wa- p a i t H t d a i i y nott -w o i t h v . T h e s u h s e t p i e u t c h o i c e of D e h e i h u . o i to serve* as o b s e r v e r a n d c h e m i -v d a t h i s o r d u r i n g t h e s t a i t - u p of t h e h u g e p l u t o n i u m snamita* t u r i n g p l a n t a t H a n t o t d . \V . i sh . , iud:c .ttes Ins s t a t u r e H I

! h « s f ie ld . . , a o l S e a Ï H . I g .

Λ Ν Ρ F Ν G Ι Ν F F Ρ Ι Ν G Ν Γ W 5