Int. J. Curr. Res. Chem. Pharm. Sci. (2016). 3(11): 43-46

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH INCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

(p-ISSN: 2348-5213: e-ISSN: 2348-5221)www.ijcrcps.com

DOI:10.22192/ijcrcps Coden: IJCROO(USA) Volume 3, Issue 11 - 2016

Research Article

Study on detection methods for sucrose

Liyun Yuan, Xiaodong Dong*College of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China

*Corresponding Author: xddong@hbu.edu.cn

Abstract

Sucrose is a disaccharide, composed of monosaccharides glucose and fructose with the molecular formula of C12H22O11. It hasbeen known that sucrose is a natural product extracted from sugar beet or sugarcane and it plays a vital role in human nutritionand health. Sucrose has also been widely used as a raw material. In addition, sucrose permeability has been suggested as asimple and non-invasive marker of gastric mucosal damage in human subjects and experimental animals. Therefore, thedevelopment of rapid, sensitive, and reliable analytical methods is necessary to determine the content of sucrose in manysituations. In this article the studies of detection methods for sucrose in recent years are reviewed.

Keywords: sucrose; determination; detection; sensor.

1. Introduction

Sucrose has the chemical formula C12H22O11 often foundin the form of white crystal and soluble in water.Generally sucrose is produced from sugar cane or sugarbeet and is the common sugar which is a majoringredient of many foodstuffs and sweet drinks [1-3].Furthermore, in rats, rabbits, dogs, and people,permeation of sucrose across the gastric mucosa hasbeen demonstrated to be a reliable marker ofgastroduodenal permeability and may be a usefulalternative to gastroscopy for diagnosis of gastric ulcers[4-6]. In addition, decomposition of sucrose into glucoseand fructose in microbial cells is of interest to themicrobiologists [7-9]. Therefore, sucrose is an importantanalyte in clinical and industrial food analysis, anddeveloping a sensitive and efficient method fordetermining sucrose in both food and biological samplesis extremely necessary. In this paper, the attributes ofdifferent analytical technique for the determination ofsurcose in recent years are reviewed.

2. Analytical Methods

2.1. HPLC method. High-performance liquidchromatography (HPLC) is a powerful tool that enablesthe separation of complex mixtures into individualcomponents, and is a highly sensitive and reproducibleanalytical technique. In recent years, HPLC has beencombined with many sensitive detection techniques andhas experienced continuous improvement of stationaryphases, which have improved its sensitivity andspecificity. HPLC is currently widely used for the analysisof drugs and dosage forms with respect to qualitycontrol, quantitative determination of active ingredientsand impurities, monitoring drug blood concentration inpatients, and bioequivalence assessment [10-12].

Filip et al. [13] developed and validated a HPLC methodwith refractive index detection for simultaneousdetermination of glucose, fructose, sucrose and sorbitolin leaf and/or apple peel samples from nine applecultivars and rootstocks, originating from a germplasmcollection. They applied Box–Behnken design ofresponse surface methodology for the methodoptimization. The Carbosep Coregel 87H3 column wasused, and the mobile phase was 0.005 mol L-1 H2SO4

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22192/ijcrcps.2016.03.11.007

Int. J. Curr. Res. Chem. Pharm. Sci. (2016). 3(11): 43-46

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solution with flow rate of 0.3 mL min-1 and columntemperature of 35℃. The limits of detection were 2.67–4.83 μg mL-1 and the recovery was 93.94–103.06%.

Grembecka et al. [14] reported a simple, sensitive andaccurate method for simultaneous determination ofglucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, erythritol, mannitol,maltitol, sorbitol and xylitol by HPLC coupled to coronacharged aerosol detector for the first time. The methodwas elaborated using a Shodex Asahipak, NH2P-50 4E,column packed with 5 μm shell particles andacetonitrile–water gradient mobile phase at 25 °C. Themethod showed wide concentration range and goodaccuracy. Limits of detection for nine analytes were inthe range of 0.12–0.44 μg ml−1, respectively. The resultsobtained for real samples illustrated the ability of theproposed method to quantify a range of sugars andsugar alcohols in a single analysis, making it appropriatefor food analysis.

2.2. Electrochemical method. Since the early 70selectrochemistry has been used as a powerful analyticaltechnique for monitoring electroactive species in livingorganisms. It allows for a direct detection of sugarswithout the necessity of derivatization and is oftencharacterized by lower detection limits at less equipmentcost, a high selectivity and sensitivity [15-17].

Shekarchizadeh et al. [18] developed successfully anovel and selective electrochemical sensor for thedetermination of sucrose by integratingelectropolymerization of molecularly imprinted polymerwith multiwall carbon nanotubes. The sensor wasprepared by electropolymerizing of o-phenylenediaminein the presence of template, sucrose, on a multiwallcarbon nanotube-modified glassy carbon electrode. Amixture of acetonitrile/acetic acid was used to removethe template. Hexacyanoferrate(II) was used as a probeto characterize the sensor using electrochemicalimpedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry anddifferential pulse voltammetry. Capturing of sucrose bythe modified electrode caused decreasing the responseof the electrode to hexacyanoferrate(II). Calibrationcurve was obtained in the sucrose concentration rangeof 0.01–10.0 mmol L-1 with a limit of detection 3 μmol L-1.This sensor provided an efficient way for eliminatinginterferences from compounds with similar structures tosucrose. The sensor was successfully used to determinesucrose in sugar beet juices with satisfactory results.

Das et al. [19] reported the formation of almond-shapedcarbon nanoparticles (ASCNs) from peeled potatoesand the fabrication of a highly sensitive and selectivenon enzymatic sucrose sensor based on this carbonnanoparticle electrode. The potato was pyrolyzed initiallyat 400-500 ℃ in vacuum, followed by slow heating ataround 800℃, which produced the ASCNs. The ASCNswere examined by SEM, XRD, EDX and AFM and werefurther characterized by fluorescence microscopy, which

clearly suggested their fluorescent nature.Electrochemical detection of sucrose was examined bycyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry andlinear sweep voltammetry in an acidic solution. The newsensor showed a good response towards the sucroseoxidation, with a wide linear range (R2= 0.99679), a highsensitivity of ~41.73725 ± 0.01 μA∙M -1∙cm-2 and a lowdetection limit of 1 μmol/L. Moreover, it is also stable andhas a short response time (9s).

2.3. Other methods. In addition to these mainapproaches mentioned above for sucrose detection, stilla few special techniques with high sensitivity have beenapplied. Pan et al. [20] proposed the determination ofsucrose content in sugar beet by portable visible andnear-infrared spectroscopy. Fa et al. [21] developed thecapillary ion chromatography–mass spectrometry forsimultaneous determination of glucosylglycerol andsucrose in intracellular extracts of cyanobacteria.Hewetson et al. [22] developed and validated a gaschromatography–flame ionization detection method forquantifying sucrose in equine serum. Soldatkin et al. [23]developed the conductometric biosensor array forsimultaneous determination of maltose, lactose, sucroseand glucose.

3. Conclusion

Sucrose is a highly significant compound amongcarbohydrates because of its extensive applications inhealth, food industry, pharmacy, and cosmetics.Especially sucrose permeability can be used to detectthe presence and severity of gastric ulcers in otherspecies [24-26]. Therefore, the rapid, accurate,inexpensive, selective, sensitive and simpledetermination of sucrose content should be clearlyestablished. This review has highlighted the significantdevelopments in rapid and alternative techniques for thedetection of sucrose in recent years. We believe thedevelopment of sucrose sensors with better sensitivityand specificity, lower cost, simplicity, along with in vivoanalytical technique is still the future effort.

Acknowledgments

The work was supported by the Hebei Provincial NaturalScience Foundation of China (No. B2015201161),Medical Engineering Cross Foundation of HebeiUniversity (No. BM201108) and Training Programs ofInnovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates ofHebei University (No. 2016061).

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DOI: 10.22192/ijcrcps.2016.03.11.007

How to cite this article:Liyun Yuan, Xiaodong Dong. (2016). Study on detection methods for sucrose. Int. J. Curr. Res. Chem. Pharm.Sci. 3(11): 43-46.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22192/ijcrcps.2016.03.11.007