30 Pollard Street Richmond Hill, Ontario L4B 1C3 TEL: (905) 707-9577 FAX: (905) 707-7435

www.pureenergybattery.com

File: XL-Datasheet -AA – April 2004

DATA SHEET OF PURE ENERGY XL RECHARGEABLE ALKALINE CELLS

Cell Size AA Open Circuit Voltage 1.57 V Internal Resistance of Fresh cells approx. 0.150 Ω

30 mA to 0.9 V 2000 125 mA to 0.9 V 1750 300 mA to 0.8 V 1400 500 mA to 0.8 V 1200

Initial Typical Capacity 1), mAh

1000 mA to 0.8 V 900 Height, in. 1.975

Height, mm 50.2 Diameter, inch 0.553

Dimensions

Diameter, mm 14.0 Average Weight, g 22

Voltage Limit, V 1.65 + 0.05 V (for taper charge)

1.75/1.65V (for puls e charge)

Charging (Pulse/Taper) 2)

Max. Charge Current, A/cell

1 A

Operating Temperature 3) - 20ºC to + 60ºC Recommended + 15ºC to + 35ºC Storage

Temperature Tested Up to 70ºC Shelf life of Fresh Cells 5 to 7 years Cycle Life 4) 50 to 500 + 1) Aged cells may require intermittent discharge, which is the typical

consumer use, to achieve typical capacity. 2) Pulse Charge of XL RAM requires intelligent charger with a special

charging algorithm. Contact PEB for details. 3) Capacity from cells will be lower at lower temperatures 4) Cycle life will strongly depend on factors such as rate of discharge, end

point (cut -off) voltage and depth of discharge

Cell Construction

Fig. 1: Cross Sectional View of an AA Cell

Chemistry • MnO2 + H2O + e- <=> MnOOH + OH-

• Zn + 2 OH- <=> ZnO + H2O + 2 e-

• Zn + 2 MnO2 + H2O <=> ZnO + 2 MnOOH

• Aqueous potassium hydroxide solution Additional design considerations:

• Cells also have ‘anti-fade’ additives to promote rechargeability, catalysts to manage internal gas pressure, a semi -permeable membrane separator to prevent internal shorting and are limited to the ‘one-electron’ capacity of MnO2.

Discharge

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%% Capacity Utilization

Vol

ts

Load Current Range43 Ohm, approx. 34 to 21mA10 Ohm, approx. 140 to 90mA3.9 Ohm, approx. 350 to 250mA2.2 Ohm, approx. 640 to 400mA1.0 Ohm, approx. 1400 to 800mA

Fig. 2: Normalized Discharge Voltage Curves

for AA Cells to Estimate Available Capacity at Various Drain Rates.

Charge

0.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

1.50

1.75

2.00

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Charge Time (hrs.)

No

Lo

ad V

olt

age

- RF

V (V

)

Charge Current

Voltage

Ch

arg

e C

urr

ent

(m

A)

500

250

750

Fig. 3: Typical Charge Curves for Fast Pulse

Charge of XL RECHARGEABLE ALKALINE AA Cells.

30 Pollard Street Richmond Hill, Ontario L4B 1C3 TEL: (905) 707-9577 FAX: (905) 707-7435

www.pureenergybattery.com

File: XL-Datasheet -AA – April 2004

Deep Discharge Cycling

0

5

10

15

20

0 10 20 30 40 50Cycles

Ser

vice

Tim

e (h

) .

Deep Discharge of AA RAM™ Cells in every Cycle Discharge: Cont. 10 Ohm to 0.9V @ RT

Avg. Commercial RAM™

XL RAM™ w/ New Charger

XL RAM™ w/ Reg. Charger+80%

+27%

+56%

Fig. 4a: Deep Discharge Cycling Comparison of RECHARGEABLE ALKALINE AA Cells on the IEC AudioPlayer Test (10 ohm load, approx. 100-125mA).

0

100

200

300

400

500

0 10 20 30 40 50Cycles

To

tal S

ervi

ce T

ime

(h)

.

Deep Discharge Cycling of AA RAM™ Cells Discharge Load: Cont. 10 Ohm to 0.9V @ RT

+23%

Avg. Commercial RAM™

+118%

# o

f Alk

alin

e C

ell R

epla

cem

ents

.

5

10

15

20

25

XL RAM™ w/ Reg. Charger

XL RAM™ w/ New Charger

+54%+150%

Fig. 4b: Total Service Time on Deep Discharge Cycling of RECHARGEABLE ALKALINE AA Cells on the IEC AudioPlayer Test (10 ohm load, approx. 100-125mA).

0.30

0.50

0.70

0.90

1.10

1.30

1.50

1.70

1.90

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16Time (h)

Vo

lts

Cycle 50 25 15 1

Fig. 4c: Deep Discharge Voltage Cycle Life of XL

RECHARGEABLE ALKALINE AA Cells on the IEC AudioPlayer Test (10 ohm load, approx. 100-125mA).

Effect of Depth of Discharge

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

10 100 1000

Number of Cycles

Cap

acit

y p

er C

ycle

(Ah

)

.

Cum

ulat

ive

Cap

acity

(A

h)

.

100

200

300

400

500

0

Fig.5: Performance Range of XL RECHARGEABLE

ALKALINE AA Cells as Function of Depth of Discharge on Cycling, Full Recharge after each Shallow Discharge.

Effect of Temperature

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50

Temperature, °C

No

min

al D

isch

arg

e C

apac

ity, %

Low rate discharge

Moderate ratedischarge

Fig.6: Effect of Temperature on Capacity of XL

RECHARGEABLE ALKALINE Cells. Self-Discharge Comparison

Capacity Loss

PE-XL

Orig. RAM™

NiCd NiMH

20°C/month <1% 1% 20% 25% 45°C/month 3% 5% 60% 80% 65°C/month 10% 20% 100% 100%

Shelf Life 7 yrs. 5 yrs. charge prior to

use

charge prior to use