By and large he was successful ge he was successful...Å®ΩnçûÓ) ‰†- æ¤púø’, Ç...

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 2 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ßª’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

G. Shankar, Keshavapatnam.

Q. Could you give me the mean-ings of these phrases. Forinstance, Even while, Evensince, By and large, Elan andease, Knives ad forks.

A. For instance = for example.

Every chapter of the book is interesting- forinstance this chapter itself- v°æA chapter Ñ°æ¤Ææh-éπç™ ÇÆæ-éÀh-éπ®Ωç. Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ùèπ◊, Ñ chapter.

Even while = Even as some thing is hap-

pening. Even while I was telling him not to

smoke, he lit a cigaratte. (Smoke îÁßÁ·u-ü¿lEîÁ•’-ûª’ç-úø-í¬ØË Åûªúø’ Æœí∫-È®ö¸ ´·öÀdç-î√úø’)

Even since ™‰ü¿’, Ever since – Å°æpöÀ †’ç*;Ever since he came here he began troubling

others = Åûªúø’ Ééπ\úÕéÀ ´*a† éπ~ùç †’ç* Éûª-®Ω’©†’ É•sçC Â°úø’ûª÷ØË ÖØ√oúø’.

By and large = î√™« ´’ô’èπ◊. By and large he

was successful in his attempts = Åûªúø’ ûª†v°æßª’-û√o™x î√™«- ’-ô’èπ◊ Nïßª’ç §Òçü∆úø’.

By and large students are satisfied with his

teaching.

With elan and ease = Å´-M-©í¬ ¨¡éÀh-´’ç-ûªçí¬,Çéπ-®Ω-ùÃ-ßª’-¢Á’i† ¨ÎjL™ àü¿®·Ø√ îËßª’úøç.

a) He performed the feat with elan and ease

= Ç (circus) feat -†’-Å-ûª-úø’ Å´-M-©-í¬/ -Ææ’-Ø√-ßª÷-Ææçí¬ Åéπ-®Ω-ùÃ-ßª’-¢Á’i† KA™ îË¨»úø’.

b) She sang with elan

and ease = Ç¢Á’ Ææ’Ø√-ßª÷-Ææçí¬ ¨¡éÀh--´’ç-ûªçí¬Çéπ-®Ω-ùÃ-ßª’çí¬ §ƒúÕçC.

Knives and forks = AØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úË spoons,knives (î√èπ◊©’), forks.

Q. They produce in an audience an effect pecu-liar to the theatre. Here article 'an' is suitableor not?

A. Correct (Audience - collective form - count-able as a group)

Q. Could you suggest a good grammar book forintermediate level by native speaker.

A. Raymond Murphy's Elementary Grammar.

Linganna, Adilabad.

Q. My father's three brothers lived with theirfamilies in the same house, but by far, myfather was the most liberal. Ééπ\úø 'by far' Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç, Å®Ωnç N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’, -Ö-ü∆£æ«®Ω-ù-L-ýí∫-©®Ω’.

A. By far = àü¿®·Ø√ N’í∫-û√-¢√-öÀéπçõ‰ ´’ç*í¬/ Åüµ∆y-†çí¬ Öçü¿E îÁÊ°pç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç.a) By far Punjab/ Punjab by far is the most

industrialised state in India = ¶µ«®Ω-û˝™EÅEo ®√≥ƒZ™x °æçñ«¶¸ §ƒJ-v¨»-N’-éπçí¬ ÅGµ- %Cl¥îÁçCçC.

b) This is by far the safer than any othermethod = N’í∫û√ °æü¿l¥-ûª’© éπçõ‰ Ñ °æü¿l¥AÆæ’®Ω-éÀ~ûªç.

Shyam Raj, Hyderabad.

Q. Gopal is the shortest of the three.

Can we say the above superlative sentencelike this- Gopal is the shortest of them all.

A. a) Gopal is the shortest of the three = b)Gopal is the shortest of them all - (Both) (a)and (b) are correct.

However, note this point. An adjective is inone or the other of three degrees only if thereis a comparison. If there is no comparison,that is, if you are not comparing two or morethings with one another, the adjective is not inany degree. The sentence, Raju is a shortboy' does not compare Raju's height with anyother persons. So here 'short' is an adjective,but has no degree. If you say, 'Raju is (is not)

as short as Gopal' or No other boy is as shortas Gopal, 'short' is in positive degree. In yoursentence (2) and (3), shorter, and shortestare in comparative and superlative degreesrespectively.

P. Suresh Varma, Palakollu.

Q. ®√®·ç-îªúøç, îªC-Nç-îªúøç, îË®·ç-îªúøç OöÀEÉçTx-≠ˇ™ á™« îÁ§ƒpL?

A. ®√®·ç-îª-úøç, îªC-Nç--îª-úøç, îË®·ç-îª-úøç ™«çöÀNcausative verbs Åçö«ç. OöÀéÀ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ÅEoç-öÀéÃmake ¢√úø-´îª’a, î√™« îÓôx 'have', 'got' èπÿú≈¢√úø’-ûª’çö«ç. I'll make him phone you =Åûª-úÕûÓ ØË†’ phone îË®·-≤ƒh†’ = I'll get him tophone you = I'll have him phone you - É™«ÅEoç-öÀéÃ v°æßª’-Aoç-îªçúÕ.

Q. Future ™ ïJ-T-§Ú-ûª’çC. (ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈) ï-Jí∫’ç-ô’ç-C ÅØË ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx≠ˇ á™« îÁ§ƒpL?

A. It shall happen = Future ™ ûª°æpéπ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çC.It shall have happened = Future ™ ´’†ç Å†’-èπ◊†o Ææ´’-ßª÷-EéÀ ïJT Öçô’çC.

Q. Would Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬©’ ûÁL-ßª’-ñ‰-ßª’-í∫-©®Ω’.A. Would Ö°æßÁ÷í¬©†’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµûª

lessons îª÷úøçúÕ.

K.Nagadivya, Tatipaka

Q. Happy x unhappy Å®·ûËstop x nonstop áçü¿’-éπ-´¤-

ûª’çC? Un, Non OöÀE á™« Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√™ ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ.

A. à °æü∆-E-ÈéjØ√ ´·êuçí¬ adjectives(í∫’ù«©’ ûÁLÊ° °æü∆-©)èπ◊ ´·çü¿’ 'un-' îËJÊÆh, úA-Í®-é¬®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC unhappy(ÆæçûÓ-≠æç-™‰E) unjust (ÅØ√u-ßª’-¢Á’i†),etc.

Non èπÿú≈ úA-Í®-é¬-®√n-Eo-Ææ’hçC. Å®·ûËÅC 'un-, 'in-' (in- èπÿú≈ úA-Í®-é¬®Ωnç ÉÆæ’hçC)Åçûª strong é¬ü¿’. 'Non', adjectives Íé é¬èπ◊çú≈Éûª®Ω parts of speech ©ûÓ èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç.

D.L. Rao, Suvarnapuram.

Q. ØË†’ Ç¢Á’èπ◊ NE-°œç-î√-©ØË §ƒú≈†’.

A. I sang so that she would hear me/ I sang only

to be heard by her.

Q. F´¤ Åûª-úÕéÀ NE-°œç-îËô’d §ƒú≈L.

A. Sing in such a way that he hears you.

Q. á°æ¤púø’, áéπ\úø à´’-´¤-ûª’çüÓ á´-J-ÈéjØ√ á™«ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC?

A. Who knows what happens and when.

Q. Off we went through a series of left and right

turns, traffic lights and even a short jaunt up

a one-way lane the wrong way. Ñ ¢√é¬u-EéÀÅ®Ωnç àN’öÀ?

A. èπ◊-úÕ, áúø-´’©’ A®Ω’-í∫’ûª÷, traffic lights ü∆ô’-èπ◊çô÷,Éçé¬ one way Ææçü¿’-†’ç* ü¿÷Ææ’-èπ◊-§Úûª÷ ûª°æ¤p-ü∆-J™ Å™« ¢ÁRx-§Úßª÷ç.

U.S.S. Pranav, Hyderabad.

Q. O’ Ø√†o îÁ°œpçC éπÈ®Íéd ÅE ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ îÁ°æp-ú≈-EéÀWhat your father said, is correct ™‰ü∆ What

your father said was correct ÅØ√™«? What

your father has said, is/ was correct ÅØ√™«?N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.

A. Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd What your father said was cor-

rect/ is correct - È®çúø÷ correct. O’ Ø√†oîÁ°œpçC Å°æ¤púø’ (past ™) Correct = was cor-

rect. (Åûª-úø-éπ\úø past ™ ÖØ√o-úøØÓ. Ñ Nüµ¿çí¬).O’Ø√†o îÁ°œpçC É°æp-öÀéÃ correct ÅØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ What

your father said is correct ÅE Åçö«ç.

KSR, Marteru.Q. Fused participle

Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? DEEá°æ¤púø’ -Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-T-≤ƒh®Ω’?

A. Fused participle -here, participlerefers to the presentparticiple, observe.

Students' coming late is not tolerated.(-N-ü∆u®Ω’n-©’ Ç©-Ææuçí¬®√´--ú≈Eo teachers Ææ£œ«ç-îª®Ω’)a) ™ Students' coming late ™, coming late

(coming- present participle- used as agerund) subject- singular, so, is not tolerat-ed, correct Å´¤-ûª’çC.

b) ™ Students èπ◊ apostrophe ™‰ü¿’, é¬•öÀdStudents subject Å´¤-ûª’çC. plural Å°æ¤púø’ istolerated (singular verb) ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’ éπü∆. É™«Gerund subject í¬ ÖçúÕ, ü∆E ´·çü¿J, noun/

pronoun, possessive case ™ (ßÁ·éπ\ ÅØËÅ®ΩnçûÓ) ™‰†-°æ¤púø’, Ç gerund, fused participle

Å´¤-ûª’çC. ÉC standard spoken/ written

English ™ ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. ÅüË Students coming

late are not tolerated éÌçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊better.

Q. Compound gerund Åçõ‰àN’öÀ? D--ØÁo-™« Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-T-≤ƒh®Ω’?

A. I saw him coming here and talkingto some one. Ééπ\úø, coming, talk-ing ÅØË È®çúø÷ Åçûª-éπØ√o áèπ◊\´gerunds †’ äÍé sentence ™ ¢√úÕûËÅN compound gerund Å´¤-û√®·.Éçé¬ îª÷úøçúÕ.Avoiding smoking is good for

health Ééπ\úø ´®Ω-Ææí¬, Avoiding, smok-ing ¢√úøôç èπÿú≈ compound gerund. I saw himcoming here and talking to some one. Ééπ\úø,coming, talking ÅØË È®çúø÷ Åçûª-éπØ√o áèπ◊\´gerunds †’ äÍé sentence ™ ¢√úÕûË ÅN com-pound gerund Å´¤-û√®·.Q. An elderly man Åçô’ç-ö«®Ω’ éπü∆.An elder man

ÅE áçü¿’èπ◊ Å†-èπÿ-úøü¿’?A. Elder- Â°ü¿l/ elderly- Â°ü¿l Å®·† Åçü¿’-éπE

elderly man Åçö«ç.He is the elder of the two - ¢√Rx-ü¿l®Óx Åûª†’ Â°ü¿l.Elders of the family = èπ◊ô’ç• Â°ü¿l©’. äéπ-JE´÷vûª¢Ë’ Â°ü¿l- ÅE singular í¬ ¢√úøç.

Q. ¢√éπuç™ that of †’ á°æ¤púø’ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-T-≤ƒh®Ω’?Sincethe age of 15 the only control on me was thatof my sister. Ñ ¢√éπuç™ that of Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ?

A. O’ sentence ™ that of my sister èπ◊ ™, that =the control. Åçûªèπ◊ ´·çü¿’ ¢√úÕ† control èπ◊,that refer îËÆæ’hçC.eg: His car is more beautiful as his brother's =

His car is more beautiful that (=the car) ofhis brother= His car is more beautiful thanhis brother's car.

éÀç-C -¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.Q. Ø√èπ◊ éπ®Ωt°æöÀd O’ ü¿í∫_®Ω °æE-îË-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’.A. It's my misfortune to work under you.

Q. ïJ-Íí-üËüÓ ï®Ω-í∫E.A. Let what happens happen.

Q. Åçü¿®Ω÷ v°æ¨»ç-ûªçí¬ Öçúøí¬ ØËØÁç-ü¿’èπ◊´’-ü∑¿-†-°æ-ú≈L?

A. When others aren't bothered at all, whyshould I?

Q. FüËç §Ú®·çC, é¬Í®ç éπ®Ωt N´÷-†-¢Á’iØ√ éÌçö«´¤.A. How does it matter to you? Why just a car,

you can buy even a plane.

Q. N¨¡y-Ææ-Fßª’ ´®√_© ¶µí∫ôd.A. Information from reliable sources.

Q. †’´¤y é¬•öÀd Ü®Ω’-èπ◊-Ø√o ´’È®-´-®Ω-®·Ø√ Å®·-´¤çõ‰îÁç°æ îÁ∞¡Ÿx´’E-°œç-îª’ç-úË-¢√-úÕE.

A. It's you. It is had been someone else, I'd haveslapped them hard.

Q. ¢√úÕE ûª†oúøç îª÷Æœ Ç¢Á’ ñ«ví∫ûªh °æúÕçC.A. His being spanked alerted her/ she became

alert an seeing him spanked.

Q.†’´¤y §ÚM-ÆˇN Å®·-†çûª ´÷vû√† ¢Ë’ ¶µºßª’-°æ-ú≈™«?A. Should we fear just because you are a police-

man?

G. Prasanth, Godhoor.Q. Guide, Directory, Diary, Almanac, Calender

OöÀ ´’üµ¿u ûËú≈ àN’öÀ?A. Guide - A guide gives information about a

particular subject 1) äÍé N≠æ--ßª’ç Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç Éý-í∫© °æ¤Ææhéπç- A tourist

guide / A TV guide, etc.

Directory: äÍé ´®√_-EéÀîÁçC† v°æï©, N≠æ-ßª÷-©†’í∫÷Ja, ¢√∞¡x addresses,Éûª®Ω N´-®√-©†’ ûÁ-LÊ°°æ¤Ææhéπç – A Telephone

directory/ Trade (¢√u§ƒ®Ω N´-®√©) Directory/A Medical directory etc.,

Diary - C†-îª-®Ωu- ®√ÊÆ °æ¤Ææhéπç éπü∆?Calender - D-E í∫’-Jç-* îÁ°æp-†-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’ éπü∆Almanac - AC∑, ¢√®Ω-†-éπ~-vû√©’ ûÁ-LÊ° °æçî√í∫ç.

Q. Module, booklet, brochure, hand book,manual, pamphlet - OöÀ ´’üµ¿u ûËú≈ àN’öÀ?

A. Module èπ◊ Ñ list ™E N’í∫û√ ´÷ô-©èπ◊ àN-üµ¿-¢Á’i† Ææç•ç-üµ¿ç-™‰ü¿’ – 1) Colleges, Universities™ äéπ Péπ~ù« N≠æ-ßª÷© unit †’ module Åçö«ç.2) äéπ v°æûËu-éπ-¢Á’i† ¶µ«í∫ ‚, module. 3) äéπ v°æù«-R-éπ-™E äéπ ¶µ«í¬Eo èπÿú≈ module Åçö«ç.Booklet = v°æûËu-éπ-¢Á’i† Åôd©’ ™‰èπ◊çú≈, °æ¤Ææhéπ

®Ω÷°æç™ ÖçúË *†o °æ¤Ææhéπç booklet. Éçü¿’™ äÍéN≠æ-ßª÷Eo í∫’Jç-*† Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç Öçô’çC. à *†o°æ¤Ææh-é¬-†o-®·Ø√ booklet Åçö«ç.

Brochure (pron- v¶Ô≠æ– British; American -v¶≠æ‡®˝.) = äéπ ´Ææ’h´¤/ ÊÆ´© v°æî√®Ωç(Advertisement) EN’ûªhç, Ç ´Ææ’h´¤/ ÊÆ´-©†’í∫’Jç* Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç, ¶Ô´’t-©ûÓ N´-JçîË *†o °æ¤Ææhéπç.

Handbook = äéπ ´Ææ’h-´¤†’ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√-Lq† Nüµ∆-Ø√Eo ûÁLÊ° *†o °æ¤Ææhéπç– Ñ Å®ΩnçûÓ ÉD manualäéπõ‰. Å®·ûË handbook ÅØËC Éûª®Ω N≠æ-ßª÷©’–´çô, Ç®Óí∫uç/ ¢√ußª÷´’ç/ ´Ææ’h-´¤© repair N≠æ-ßª÷-©†’ èπÿú≈ ûÁLÊ° °æ¤Ææhéπç.

Manual = ßª’çvû√©÷, ¢√£æ«-Ø√©’, éÌ†o-¢√-öÀE í∫’Jç-*† N´-®√©’, ¢√öÀ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ Nüµ∆©’ ûÁLÊ° °æ¤Ææhéπç.

Pamphlet = DEo ´’†-üË-¨¡ç™ äéπ ´Ææ’h´¤/ ÊÆ´v°æî√-®√®Ωnç ¢√úË éπ®Ω-°ævûªç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ áèπ◊\-´í¬¢√úøû√ç. Å®·ûË ÉC ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. Pamphlet Åçõ‰v°æÆæ’hûªç v°æï©’ ¶«í¬ ÇÆæéÀh îª÷°œ-Ææ’h†o N≠æßª’ç (topicof current interest) E îªJaçîË ¢√uÆæç– Öü∆:Terrorism; °æôx v°æ¶µº’ûªy ¢Áj°∂æ-™«uEo -ûÁ--LÊ° ¢√uÆæç.

´÷´‚-©’í¬ v°æéπ-ô† ÖüËl-¨¡çûÓ ÉîËa éπ®Ω-°ævûªç,English ™ hand bill.

Q. Salary, Remuneration, Honourarium– ûË-ú≈?A. Salary = ÖüÓu-TéÀ ÉîËa ØÁ©-ÆæJ @ûªç.

Remuneration = äéπ °æEéÀ Éçûª ÅE ÉîËa §ƒJ-ûÓ-≠œéπç (äéπ course E®Ωy-£œ«ç---îËçü¿’èπ◊, äéπ ÊÆ´ÅçCç--îËç-ü¿’èπ◊)Honourarium - ÉC èπÿú≈ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ §ƒJ-ûÓ-≠œ-éπ¢Ë’.Å®·ûË Honourarium äéπ ÊÆ´ ÅçCç-*-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊¢Á·ûªhçí¬ (rate -v°æ-ÆæéÀh ™‰èπ◊çú≈) ÉîËa íı®Ω´ ®Ω’Ææ’ç.

M.SURESAN

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 503

By and larBy and large he was successful ge he was successful

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 5 - ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

B. Lalitha, Vijayawada.

Q. Wren & Martin high schoolgrammar book ™ Active voice†’ Passive voice í¬ ´÷®Ωa- ’EéÀçC ¢√é¬uEo Éî√a®Ω’.

The enemy have defeated ourarmy. DEéÀ key book ™ answer-

The army had been defeated by the enemyÅE ÖçC. Ñ ¢√éπuç present perfect tense ™Ö†o-°æ¤púø’ has been ÅE ®√¢√L éπü∆. Had beenÅØËC past perfect tense ™ ´Ææ’hçC éπü∆,N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.

A. The army has been defeated Å†úøç correctpassive voice. You are right in saying that theverb in the passive should be, has been. Thesentence in the key perhaps has a printer'smistake.

M. Nageswara Rao, Peda Avutapalli.

Q. áØÓo ™‰ü∆ á†o´ ÅØË-ü∆-EéÀ ÆæJ-§ÚßË’ °æü¿çÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ™‰ü¿-Ø√o®Ω’. Of which ÅØË expressionèπ◊ Å®Ωnç áØÓo ™‰ü∆ á†o¢√ ÅØË éπü∆, ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.

A. á†o´ ÅØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÆæÈ®j† English expression ™‰ü¿Eî√™«-≤ƒ®Ω’x Ææ÷*çî√ç.Of which Åçõ‰ 'á†o´— ÅØËÅ®Ωnçé¬F ü∆EéÀ ü¿í∫_®Ω Å®Ωnçé¬F ®√ü¿’.Of which = ü∆E/ ü∆EéÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*†.1. This is the book of which I was talking =

ØË†’ à °æ¤Ææhéπç í∫’Jç* ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√oØÓ ÅCÉC.

2. Of which book arethese the pages?

Ñ pages à °æ¤Ææh-é¬-EN (üËEN)?

Y. Kumar, Hyderabad.

Q. He has bought the car this morning. He hasgone to Agra this year. this ÅE time specifyîËÊÆh present perfect ¢√-úÌî√a?

A. The past simple tense is used for a pastaction the time of which is clearly stated. Thatis, if the action took place at a specified timein the past, the tense to be used in pastsimple, in spite of the use of, 'this'.

He bought a car this morning èπÿ He hasgone to Agra this year èπÿ ûËú≈ ÖçC, È®çúø’sentences èπÿ common í¬ this Ö†o-°æp-öÀéÃ. This morning ÅE á°æ¤p-úøçö«ç? MorningÅ®·-§Ú-®·-† -ûª-®√yûË éπü∆? (´’üµ∆u-£æ«o-¢Á÷/- ®√-vûÓ/-≤ƒ-ßª’ç-vûª¢Á÷ Åçö«ç) Åçõ‰ ´’†ç Å®·-§Ú-®·-†Ææ´’ßª’ç™ ïJ-T† action †’, Ç Ææ´’ßª’ç ûª®√yûª´÷ö«x-úø’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç. é¬•öÀd Ééπ\úø past simple´÷vûª¢Ë’ ®√¢√L (bought) é¬F this year Å†-úøç™ Å®Ωn-¢Ë’-N’öÀ? Ñ year Å®·-§Ú-™‰-ü¿ØË éπü∆(Å®·-§ÚûË last year Åçö«ç. Å°æ¤púø’ past sim-ple ¢√ú≈L éπü∆?)-

This year ™ -á°æ¤p-úø’ -Å-ØË-C éπ-*a-ûªçí¬ -ûÁ-©°æ-†°æ¤p-úø’, -Ñ Ææç-´--ûªq®Ωç-™ -Ç-ßª’-† -Ç-ví¬èπ◊ -¢Á-Rx -Ö-Ø√o-úø’ -Å-ØË -Å®Ωnç-ûÓ He has gone to Agra thisyear, éπ®ΩÍéd(Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ He has been to Agra,better). ÅüË jan/ feb/ sep this year ÅE timespecify îËÊÆh Åûªúø’ Ñ Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç, january ™Agra ¢Á∞«xúø’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ.He has gone to Agrain January this year Å†úøç Ææ•-¶‰Ø√?(JanuaryÅ®·§Ú-®·-† -ûª-®√yûª) Observe the differencebetween a) and b) below.a) It has happened this month.b) It happened in the first week of this month.

Do you see the difference? sentence (a)talks of an action of this month at no specifiedtime- so the tense is present perfect.

Sentence (b) talks of an action at a speci-fied time ( I week of this month - I week'spast), so the tense is past simple.a) They have done it three times this century.b) They did it three times in the first half of

this century.

é¬•öÀd this ÅE Ö†oçûª ´÷vû√† present per-fect ¢√úøôç ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. Time specify îËÊÆh pastsimple ¢√úøû√ç.

A. Krishna Geetarjuna, Nidadavolu.

Q. 1. BJP was to meet in chennai on July 21.NDTV 24x7 ¢√®Ωh© head lines ™ V™„j 18†Ñ ¢√éπuç îª÷¨»†’. V™„j 21 ¶µºN-≠æu-ûª’h†’ Ææ÷*-≤ÚhçC éπü∆. Å™«ç-ô-°æ¤púø’ will meet ÅE-í¬E,meets ÅE-í¬E, is to meet ÅE-í¬E ™‰ü∆ ismeeting ÅEí¬-F Öçú≈L. é¬F was to meetÅçõ‰ á™« éπÈ®èπ◊d. äéπ-¢Ë∞¡ ¢√éπuç Indirect ™ÖçúÕ ´·çü¿’ ´÷ô©’ ™°œç-î√-ßª’-†’-éÓ-¢√™«?Â°jí¬ ÅC indirect ™ îÁ°æp-´-©-Æœ† Ææçü¿®Ωs¥çé¬ü¿’- éπü∆.

2. BJP decides to postpone its NationalExecutive Meet. ÉC E®Ωgßª’ç BÆæ’-èπ◊†o ûª®√yûª¢√Í®h. Å™«ç-ô-°æ¤púø’ Ééπ\úø decided ÅE ®√¢√Léπü∆.

A. 1. Was to meet - wrong - no doubt about it.

2. Immediate past action †’ simple present™ îÁ°æpúøç ¢√úø’-éπ™ ÖçC.eg: I come to seekyour help. ´<a- ®√-´-úøç-ûÓØË É™« îÁ•’û√ç. FÆæ£æ…ßª’ç §ÒçüËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ´î√a†’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ.

come èπ◊ Ééπ\úø ´î√a†’ ÅØË Å®Ωnç– Å®·ûË ÉCimmediate past (éπ~ù«© ´·çü¿’ ïJ-T†)èπ◊´÷vûª¢Ë’ (I have come èπ◊ equivalent).

K.R.Aachari,Vaikuntapuram.

Q. I am going to go Ñ ¢√éπuç™to ûª®√yûª go, come verbs

¢√úø- î√a? ü∆EéÀ •ü¿’-©’í¬ I amready to go/ come or I am about togo/ come ¢√ú≈©E †©¶µ„j à∞¡x éÀçü¿ô´÷ ´÷≤ƒd®Ω’ îÁ§ƒp®Ω’. -N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’.

A. I am going = ØË†’ ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’-Ø√o†’.I am going to go = ¢Á∞¡x-¶-ûª’-Ø√o†’.O’Í® ÅØ√o®Ω’ éπü∆ †©¶µ„j à∞¡x éÀçü¿ô O’ÉçTx≠ˇ ´÷≤ƒd®Ω’ îÁ°œp† N≠æ-ßª’-´’E, ÅCÅ°æpöÀ ´÷ô. É°æ¤púø’, present day English ™going to go ( ¢Á∞¡x-¶-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’) going to come(®√¶-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’) ÅØËN Ææ®Ωy-≤ƒ-üµ∆-®Ωùç Å®·-§Ú-ßª÷®· – both in British and AmericanEnglish™. Åçü¿’-éπE É°æ¤p-úøN ûª°æ¤p é¬ü¿’.

E.V. Sindhura, Deepak, Tadipatri.

Q. O’®ÌéπîÓô They are watching the T.V. ÅE,I think my mother is watching the T.V. ÅE®√¨»®Ω’. T.V. ´·çü¿’ the ÅØË article Öçúø-èπÿ-úøü¿’éπü∆? The T.V. Åçõ‰ T.V. set †’ refer îËÆœ-†--ô’d--Å-´¤ûª’çC. ü¿ßª’-îËÆœ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.

A. T.V. set †’ T.V. programmes †÷ Ñ È®çúÕç-öÀ™üËEo îÁ°æp-ú≈-E-éπ-®·Ø√ T.V. ÅE-í¬F, the T.V. ÅE-í¬FÅ†-´îª’a. Å®·ûË á´-®Ω-®·Ø√/ àüÁjØ√ T.V. ™éπE-°œç-îªúøç. àüÁjØ√ T.V. programme T.V. ™ ÖçCÅE îÁÊ°pç-ü¿’èπ◊, on T.V./ on the T.V. Åçö«ç.

G. Maheswari, Secunderabad.

Q. If he had money, he could have paid toRamu.

If he had money, he would have paid toRamu.

Ñ È®çúø’ ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ ûËú≈ ûÁL-ßª’-ñ‰-ßª’-í∫-©®Ω’.A. Ñ È®çúø’ sentences ÆæÈ®j-†N é¬´¤. Correct form

of the sentences:

1. If he had had the money, he would havepaid to Ramu. (ÅûªúÕ ü¿í∫_®Ω úø•’s ÖçúÕ Öçõ‰,®√´·èπ◊ îÁLxç-îË-¢√úË.)

2. If he had had the money, he could havepaid Ramu. (ÅûªúÕ ü¿í∫_®Ω úø•’s ÖçúÕ Öçõ‰®√´·èπ◊ îÁLxç-îª-í∫-L-Íí-¢√úË.)

S. Rechana Arshia, Joharapuram.

Q. éÀçC ¢√é¬u™x bold îËÆœ† °æü∆-©èπ◊ Å®√n©’ àN’öÀ? 1) Be but advised and I'll send you there.

2) But that you aremy brother, I musthave killed you.

3) For some reasonbest known to him-self suddenly hewent away.

A. 1) Be but advised =let (somebody)advise you = Ñ Ææ©£æ… BÆæ’éÓ.

2) But that you are my brother = †’´¤y Ø√èπ◊brother é¬éπ-§Ú-ßª·çõ‰.

3) For some reason best known to himself =Åûª-úÕéÀ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ûÁL-Æœ† é¬®Ω-ù«© -´-©x = ( àé¬®Ωùç îËûªØÓ/ áçü¿’-îË-ûªØÓ)

Laxman Goud, Joharapuram.Q. Eûªu @N-ûªç™ ¢√úø-í∫-LÍí idioms Ö†o ´’ç*

dictionary Ê°®Ω’ Ææ÷*ç-îªçúÕ.A. Oxford Advanced Learners' Dictionary of

Current English (Seventh Edition 2005) ™E*´J Ê°@™x ÖçúË sayings and proverbsØË®Ω’a-èπ◊çõ‰ î√©’. ÅN O’®Ω’ éÓ®Ω’èπ◊ØË Nüµ¿çí¬ Eûªu@N-ûªç™ Ææç¶µ«-≠æ-ùèπ◊ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-°æ-úø-û√®·.

Pavani, Sudha, Matsyapuri.

Q. She has been ill for the lastthree months. Ñ ¢√éπuç™ for

™‰ü∆ since àC ¢√ú≈™ ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ.A. She has been ill for the last three

months . ´‚úø’ ØÁ©-©’í¬ – ÉC Éçûª-é¬-©çí¬ ÅE îÁÊ°p-ô-°æ¤púø’.since Åçõ‰ °∂æ-™«-Ø√ ®ÓV/ í∫çô/Ææ´’ßª’ç †’ç* ÅE.

Q. v°æ¶µº’ûªyç ñ«K-îËÊÆ Öûªh-®Ω’y™xG.O.M.S. No. ÅE R.C. No. ÅE®√≤ƒh®Ω’. M.S., R.C. Åçõ‰ àN’öN´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.

A. G.O. = Government Order

M.S. = Manuscript (®√ûª-v°æA)R.C.No. = Reference number.

Q. There is no chair to sit on, no pen to writewith and no table to work at. Ñ ¢√éπuç ÆæÈ®j-†-üËØ√?Sit on a chair ÅØ√™«?Sit in a chairÅØ√™«? ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.

A. ÆæÈ®j-†üË. îËûª’-©’†o èπ◊Ka (Arm chair)/ Easy chair™«çöÀ-´-®·ûË, sit in; îËûª’-™‰xE èπ◊Ka Å®·ûË sit onÅØ√L.

Rajan k, Yadavole.

Q. Once you wrote two sentences the followingway in spoken English-

Sunil told me he had seen you going somewhere.

He seen me on my way to the station toreceive my uncle.

The above underline parts seem to beunusual. Generally we use present/ past par-ticiple forms as adjectives and nouns. If weuse them as verbs in our sentences, theyshould come after helping verbs ( be / haveforms). But you used them as verbs withouthelping verbs. I think this is not proper wayusing the participles. Please clear my doubtand give lessons on the topic of infinitives(continuous, perfect infinitives).

A. ....... had seen you going somewhere. Yourpoint here is that 'going' being a present par-ticiple, should be used as a noun/ adjectiveor, if it is used as a verb, it should have ahelping verb before it. You are right, of

course. The present participle here (going)does the work of a noun, as it (going) acts asthe object complement of the verb, had seen.

He seen me on my way .........

This sentence is wrong, as 'seen' is only apast participle and so, not a verb. Perhapsthere is a printer's mistake here, or you havecopied it wrongly, please check up. It mustbe, He saw/ He said he had seen me on ....the railway station.

S. Shakir Ahmed, Kurnool.

Q. Transitive, Intransitive verbs í∫’Jç* ûÁL-ßª’-ñ‰-ßª’çúÕ. ¢√éπuç™ verb Ö†o-°æ¤púø’ ü∆Eo transi-tive í¬ ¢√ú≈®Ó intransitive í¬ ¢√ú≈®Ó ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´úøç á™«?collect, check, pause ™«çöÀverbs †’ transitive í¬, Intransitive í¬ á™«¢√ú≈™ ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’?

A. Transitive verb Åçõ‰ object Ö†o verb -á´JE? üËEE? Å-ØË v°æ¨¡o¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊çõ‰ Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç ´îËaverb. Eg: give = Éýúøç,üËEo Éýúøç Åçõ‰ Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç üË†o-®·Ø√ Éýúøç ÅE´Ææ’hçC. é¬•öÀd give transi-

tive. Å™«Íí see îª÷úøôç, üËEo îª÷úøôç – °∂æ™«Ø√¢√JE ÅE Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç ÖçC. é¬•öÀd ÉN transitiveverbs. á´-JéÀ, üËEéÀ Å†o v°æ¨¡o-©èπ◊ Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç ´îËaverbs èπÿú≈ transitive.

Object ™‰E verbs intransitive verbs. OöÀéÀ á -JE, üËEE ÅE v°æ¨¡o©’ ¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊çõ‰ Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç ®√ü¿’.Eg: go = ¢Á∞¡xúøç; á´-JE/ üË-EE/ á´-JéÀ/ üËEéÀ¢Á∞¡xúøç? Ñ v°æ¨¡o-©èπ◊ Ææ´÷-üµ∆-Ø√--©’ -™‰--´¤. é¬•öÀdgo, intransitive. Å®·ûË äÍé verb èπ◊ È®çúø’,´‚úø’ Å®√n©’ Ö†o-°æ¤púø’ äéπ Å®ΩnçûÓ transitive,ÉçéÓ Å®ΩnçûÓ intransitive Å¢Ìyîª’a.Eg: collect = 1) ÊÆéπ-Jç-îªúøç – Ñ Å®ΩnçûÓ ÉCtransitive, áçü¿’-éπçõ‰, üËEo ÊÆéπ-Jç-îªúøç Åçõ‰Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç/ stamps / books/ addresses ™«çöÀÆæ´÷-üµ∆--Ø√©’ ´≤ƒh®·. Ñ Å®√n-©ûÓ ÉC transitive.

Collect - 2) í∫’N’-í∫÷-úøôç, äéπîÓô îË®Ωúøç, ÅØËÅ®Ωnç™ intransitive - üËEo í∫’N’-èπÿ-úøôç/ îË®ΩúøçÅ†ov°æ¨¡o-©èπ◊ Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç ®√ü¿’.Water collected in front of the room = í∫C´·çü¿’ F∞¡Ÿx îË®√®·/ ELî√®·.A large crowd collected there - Â°ü¿l Ææç-êu-™ï†ç í∫’N’-èπÿ-ú≈®Ω’ (intransitive).

Check = ≤Úü∆ îËßª’úøç / ûªE& îËßª’úøç/ °æK-éÀ~ç-îªúøç – üËEo/á´-JE Åç-õ‰ Ææ-´÷-üµ∆†ç ´Ææ’hçCé¬•öÀd transitive Å´¤-ûª’çC.Check Åçõ‰ vüµ¿’O-éπ-Jç-îªúøç,- ÉçéÌéπ-J-ûÓ.He checked with his brother- ûª† brother ûÓÆæJ-îª÷-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’.Pause = Ç°æ-úøç– transitive -. He paused the tape recorder -

tape recorder †’ Ç-§ƒ-úø’. -Pause = Çí∫úøç – Intransitive.

He paused in his speech - Ö°æ-Ø√uÆæç ÉÆæ’h-†o-°æ¤púø’ é¬ÊÆ°æ¤ Çí¬úø’ – intransitive.

Q. Idioms Â°j °æô’d ≤ƒCµç-î√-©çõ‰ á™«çöÀ °æ¤Ææhéπç îªü¿-¢√L? Idioms dictionary éÌçõ‰ Åçü¿’™ -¢Ë-©--idioms Öçö«®·. Eûªuç Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-TçîË IdiomséÓÆæç à °æ¤Ææhéπç ´’ç*C?

A. Mcmordie's book of Idioms -îª-ü¿-´çúÕ. Éçü¿’™daily life ™ ¢√úË idioms í∫’Jç* î√-™« N´-®Ωçí¬ÖçC.

M.SURESAN


I come to seek your helpI come to seek your help


--´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 7 - ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

P.L.N.Rao, Warangal

Q. Ñ Æœ©-•Æˇ É°æp-öÀÍé °æ‹Jh é¬¢√L.é¬F, é¬™‰ü¿’. -Ñ -¢√éπuç ÉçTx-≠ˇ™îÁ°æpçúÕ.

A.The syllabus should have beenfinished by now, but I haven't fin-ished it.

Q. Wanted Marketing Executives ÉC à VerbForm.

Wanted ÅØËC present, past, p.p.™ àverb?

A. Wanted - Past ParticipleQ. Instruction Booklet supplied with applica-

tion form ÅE Ê°°æ®Óx Éî√a®Ω’. ÉC Future †’Ææ÷*Ææ÷h îÁ§ƒp®Ω’. ´’J Instruction Booklet sup-plied ÅØËC Past doing Verb éπü∆. ûÁ©-°æçúÕ?

A. Instruction Booklet supplied with the applica-tion form = Instruction booklet will be suppliedwith ....... Åçõ‰, supplied, will be supplied™¶µ«í∫ç, past participle í¬.

T.Siva, Nandikotkur.

Q. éÀçC-¢√öÀ Å®Ωn ¶µ‰ü∆-©†’ Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù© ü∆y®√N¨¡-ü¿-°æ-®Ω-îªçúÕ.

Cool, Cold A. Cool = îª©xE; Cold = îªLí¬Q. Go to bed, sleep A. Go to bed = Evü¿èπ◊ Ö°ævéπ-N’ç-îªúøç,

sleep = EvCç-îªúøç(Evü¿™ Öçúøôç)

Q. Begin, commence,start

A. Begin = commence= start.Begin ûª®√yûª infinitive (to + 1st RDW)/...ing form/ noun ¢√úø-´îª’a;Start + noun/... ing áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’;Start + infinitive Åçûª ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’.Commence - §ƒçúÕûªuç/ ví¬çC∑éπç.

Q. Ago, back, before A. Ago - ´·çü¿’/ véÀûªç - Two days ago = È®çúø’

®ÓV© véÀûªç – Ñ Å®ΩnçûÓ back ¢√úøôçÆæJ-é¬ü¿’.He came here two days ago (correct)He came here two days back (wrong)He came here two days before(wrong)äéπ Ææç°∂æ’-ô†, Ææ´’-ßª÷-EéÀ ´·çü¿’ = Before.

i) He had given me the book before I asked forit = ØË†’ Åúøí∫éπ ´·çüË Ø√èπ◊ Åûªúø’ Ç °æ¤ÆæhéπçÉî√aúø’.

ii) That was before the Independence =ÅC ≤ƒyûªç-vû√u-EéÀ ´·çü¿’.

Q. far, long, distant A. far = ü¿÷®Ω-¢Á’i†

How far is Delhi from Agra? = úµÕMx Çví¬ †’ç* áçûª ü¿÷®Ωç?Agra is not far from Delhi = úµÕMx †’ç* Çví¬ü¿÷®Ω¢Ë’ç é¬ü¿’. îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆? Questions™†÷, ü¿÷®Ωç é¬ü¿’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ not ûÓ far †’¢√úøû√ç. Far offÅØË phrase ™†÷ ¢√úøû√ç.ÅçûË-é¬F, Hyderabad is far from Delhi - ÅEÖûªh far †’ not ™‰èπ◊çú≈ (ü¿÷®Ωç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ)¢√úøç. ü¿÷®Ωç ÅØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ distant/ a long wayoff/ a long way from (a place) Åçö«ç.Long = ´Ææ’h-´¤©’ (éπv®Ω-™«xç-öÀN)/ éπü∑¿©’/*vû√©’ ™«çöÀN – §Òúø-¢Áj†.´’†™ î√™«- ’çC long †’ ü¿÷®Ωç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úø’-ûª’ç-ö«®Ω’ ÅC ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’.

Q. Speak, talk A. Speak, talk - ÉC Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ lesson (No

305-310) ™ N´-Jçî√ç, îª÷úøçúÕ.Q. Also, too A. ÉC Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ î√™« N´-®Ωçí¬ 2, 3 ≤ƒ®Ω’x

-ûÁ-L-ßª’-ñ‰-¨»ç. §ƒûª lessons îª÷úø-í∫-©®Ω’.Q. Base, basis A. Base = Åúø’-í∫’- ¶µ«í∫ç; ´‚©ç.

basis = Çüµ∆®Ωç.Q. Big, large A. i) Big = °æJ--´÷-ùç, v§ƒ´·-êuç™ Â°ü¿l

large = ¢Áj¨»-©uç™, area™ Â°ü¿l.large, bigÅçûª conversational é¬ü¿’.

Q. Put on, wear, dressA. i) Put on = ûÌúø’-éÓ\-´úøç/ ¢ËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç

•ßª’ôèπ◊ ¢Á∞Ïx-ô-°æ¤púø’, àüÁjØ√ Ææçü¿-®√s¥-EéÀ,≤ƒo†ç ´Èíj®√ ûª®√yûª ü¿’Ææ’h©’ ¢ËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç,put on.

ii) Wear ´÷´‚-©’í¬ üµ¿Jç-îªúøç.He wears white always/ He wears spects/ awatch, etc.

iii) Dress = 1) üµ¿Jç-îªúøç – DEéÀ – self/ selvesadd îËßª÷L. He dresses himself in lalchiand pyjamas = Åûªúø’ ™«Ma Â°jï´÷ üµ¿J-≤ƒhúø’.Dress = 2) ü¿’Ææ’h©’ – Çúø-¢√J, °œ©x©ü¿’Ææ’h©’. ´’í∫-¢√J ü¿’Ææ’h©†’ dress Å†ç.clothes Åçö«ç.

Q. Round, around A. Round = aroundQ. Over, above A. i) äéπ-ü∆-E-Â°j†/ äéπ-ü∆-E-éπçõ‰ áûª’h† Ö†o ÅØË

Å®ΩnçûÓ, over = above.His office is the small room above/ over thefancy shop = Fancy éÌô’d Â°j† Ö†o *†o í∫CÅûªúÕ office.The picture hanging on thewall is above/ over thetable.

Å®·ûË äéπ-¢Áj°æ¤ †’ç* ÉçéÓ ¢Áj°æ¤-†èπ◊ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ over ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ¢√úøû√ç.

The mob jumped over the wall = Ç´‚éπ íÓúø ü¿÷éÀçC.

ii) Above = over = äéπ ≤ƒn®·éÀN’ç*†/ äéπ-≤ƒn®· éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´.

a) The plane is flying at 30000 ft.above the ground = ¶µº÷N’éÀ30000 Åúø’-í∫’© áûª’h† N´÷†ç áí∫’-®Ω’-ûÓçC.

É™«çöÀ îÓôx over ®√ü¿’. Over†’ ´·êuçí¬´ßª’Ææ’/ úĆµ/ Ææçêu/ úø•’s ™«çöÀ ¢√öÀûÓ¢√úøû√ç.

i) He is over 18 and has the voting right.ii) We waited over (for more than) two hours.iii) It costs over Rs.2000/-iv) There are over 30 students in the class.

Q. Under, below A. Under = below.

Å®·ûË under Åçõ‰ äéπ-ü∆E éÀçü¿ ÅE é¬F,äéπ ü∆EûÓ éπ°œp ÅE-é¬F ¢√úøû√ç.i) The box is under the table.ii) The book was under the files.Below Åçõ‰ äéπ ü∆EéÀ ¶«í¬ Cí∫’- † Ö†o(¶«í¬ éÀçü¿í¬ Ö†o) ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úøû√ç.While he stood on the roof she stood belowon the road Åûªúø’ éπ°æ¤p-Â°j† E©-•-úø’çõ‰, Ç¢Á’éÀçü¿ Ö†o Road O’ü¿ E©-•-úÕçC.

Q. What, which A. What = àC/ àç/ à?

Which = Ö†o ¢√öÀ™x àC?What book do you want? = FÍé °æ¤Ææhéπçé¬¢√L?

Which book do you want?= (äéπ-îÓô Ö†o °æ¤Ææh-é¬™x) FÍé °æ¤Ææhéπç é¬¢√L?

Q. Near, near by, near toA. Near = ü¿í∫_-È®j†/ ü¿í∫_-®Ωí¬ Ö†o

He lives near the College.The College is next to the park.He lives somewhere nearby = Park °æéπ\† College. Åûª-ØÁ-éπ\úÓ Åéπ\-úÕéÀ ü¿í∫_-®Ωí¬ Öçö«úø’.

Q. éÀçC-¢√-öÀ™ àC éπÈ®éÓd ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. a) A scissors is a useful instrumentb) A scissors are a useful instrument

A. È®çúø÷ é¬ü¿’. Scissors á°æ¤púø÷ plural. Åçü¿’-

éπE ü∆E ´·çü¿’ 'a'¢√úøç. So,Scissors are a use-ful instrument, cor-rect. äéπ éπûÁh®ΩÅØËç-ü¿’èπ◊, A pair ofscissors Åçö«ç.Pair, singular, So apair of scissors is...

Q. a) Deduct ûª®Ω’-¢√ûª in form ©™ àC ®√¢√L?A. b) Merge ûª®Ω’-¢√ûª into, with ©™ àC ®√¢√L?

a) Deduct from - correctb) Merge into, merge with - È®çúø÷ correct.

i) All the smaller banks in the area mergedwith the larger bank. (äéπ-ü∆-EûÓ äéπöÀéπLÆœ§Ú´úøç)

ii) All colours merge into white (äéπ ü∆E™NM-†-´’-´úøç)

Q. éÀçC- -¢√é¬u-EéÀ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®Ωnç ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.The wicked foursome considered the arrivalof Lord Krishna ominous.

A. Ç ü¿’≠æd îªûª’-≠ædßª’ç éπ%≠æflgúÕ ®√éπ†’ ü¿’¨¡z-èπ◊-†çí¬/îÁúø’E Ææ÷*ç-îË-Cí¬ Å†’-èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’.Omen = ¨¡èπ◊†ç. Ominous = ü¿’¨¡z-èπ◊†çí¬ Ö†o.

Q. Gandhi was whiter thanwhite which few othersbefore and after him havebeen. ûÁ©’-í∫’-™ Å®Ωnç -N-´-

Jç-îªí∫©®Ω’.A. ûª†èπ◊ ´·çü¿÷, ûª®√yûª á´®Ω÷

™‰†çûª E®Ωt-©çí¬ í¬çDµ ÖØ√o®Ω’.Ééπ\úø whiteèπ◊ Ææçü¿-®√s¥-†’-≤ƒ®ΩçÅ®·† Å®√nEo îÁ°æ¤p-éÓ-¢√-LqçüË.•£æ›¨» Ééπ\úø white = pure = E®Ωt-©-¢Á’i† ÅØË¢Á÷. Å™« Å®·ûË sen-tenceèπ◊ Å®Ωnç Â°j -N-üµ¿çí¬ -Öç-ô’ç-C.

A. Sathyanarayana, Hyderabad.

Q. ¶µ«®Ωû˝–§ƒéÀ-≤ƒn-Ø˛© ´’üµ¿u õ„Æˇd ´÷uî˝©’ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’-†o-°æ¤púø’ – ü¿÷®Ω-ü¿-®Ωz-Ø˛™ v≤Ú\™¸ O’ü¿ – Who will winthe match ÅE Éî√a®Ω’. ÉC ÆæÈ®j-ç-üËØ√? ü¿í∫_J¶µºN-≠æu-ûª’h™ ïJÍí N≠æ-ßª÷©’ îÁÊ°p-ô-°æ¤púø’ SimplePresent ™ îÁ§ƒpL éπü∆? Åçõ‰ Who win thematch ÅE Öçú≈L éπü∆? Ñ ÆæçüË-£æ…Eo B®ΩaçúÕ.

A. ÆæÈ®j-çüË. ü¿í∫_J ¶µºN-≠æu-û˝™ ïJÍí N≠æ-ßª÷©’á°æ¤púø’ ï®Ω’-í∫’-û√ßÁ÷ éπ*aûªçí¬ Time ûÁL-ÊÆhØË,simple present ¢√úøû√ç.He comes here next week. Ééπ\úø next weekÅE time éπ*aûªçí¬ ûÁ©’≤ÚhçC é¬•öÀd, comesÉéπ\úø correct. Time ûÁL-ßª’-†-°æ¤púø’ will/ shall ÅØËN éπÈ®èπ◊d.

R. Sangam Naidu, Kovvur.

Q. °æ¤®Ω’-≠æfl© Ê°®Ωxèπ◊ ´·çü¿’ Mr. Öçîªúøç ´’†èπ◊ ûÁL-ÆœçüË. ¢√®Ω’ N¢√-£œ«-ûª’©’ é¬´îª’a, é¬éπ-§Ú-´îª’a. é¬F,Æ‘Y© N≠æ-ßª’ç™ N¢√-£œ«-ûª’-©èπ◊ Mrs. ÅE, N¢√£æ«çé¬E ¢√JéÀ Miss. ÅE ¢√úøû√ç. áçü¿’-éπE? Æ‘Y©™N¢√-£œ«-ûª’-©èπ◊, èπ◊´÷-J-©èπ◊ äÍé °æü¿ç Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-îª-´î√a? ûÁ©-°æçúÕ?

A. Â°Rx ûª®√yûª ¶µº®Ωh ÉçöÀ Ê°®Ω’ ¶µ«®Ωu ÉçöÀ-Ê°-®Ω’í¬´÷®Ωúøç Ææçv°æü∆ßª’ç Åçü¿’´©x, N¢√-£œ«-ûª’-©èπ◊Mrs, ÅN-¢√-£œ«-ûª’-©èπ◊ Miss Å†úøç ¢√úø’-éπ-®·uçC. Å®·ûË Ñ ®ÓV™x Â°∞¡x-®·† Æ‘Y©’èπÿú≈ ¢√J ¶µº®Ωh ÉçöÀ-Ê°-®Ω’ûÓ °œ-L°œç-îª’-éÓ-´úøçÉ≠ædç-™‰-éπ-§Ú-®·Ø√, Â°∞¡x®·çC ÅE ûÁ©’°æúøçÉ≠ædç ™‰éπ-§Ú-®·Ø√, ¢√∞¡x Ê°®Ωx ´·çü¿’ Miss ÅEÂ°ô’d-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’. É™«çöÀ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x MissÅE °æ‹Jhí¬ ®√ßª’-èπ◊çú≈ Ms ÅE ®√≤ƒh®Ω’.

Q. Æœ©-•™¸ ( syllable) Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? Éçü¿’™ ´’SxMono syllabic, Di syllabic, Tri syllabic wordsÅçõ‰ àN’öÀ? N´-Jç-îªçúÕ?

A. äéπ word (´÷ô™) Ææyûªç-vûªçí¬ Ö-îªa ¥-Jç-îª-í∫©¨¡¶«lEo syllable Åçö«ç. Sentence ÅØË ´÷ôsen, tense ÅØË È®çúø’ ¨¡¶«l© éπ©-®·éπ. é¬•öÀdsentence ÅØË ´÷ô™ sen, tense ÅØË È®çúø’syllables ÖØ√o-ßª’†o ´÷ô.

Disyllabic = A word of two syllables (eg. sentence)Trisyllabic = A word of 3 syllables. eg: construction - con struc tion.

Q. ´’†ç Ææ´’ßª’ç í∫’Jç* îÁÊ°p-ô-°æ¤púø’ A.M., P.M.©’ ¢√úøû√ç. á™« ¢√ú≈L? ÅÆæ©’ °æ‹Jh Å®√n©’àN’ö îÁ°æpçúÕ?

A. AM - ®√vA 12.01 †’ç* ´’üµ∆u£æ«oç 12.00´®Ωèπ◊. PM - ´’üµ∆u£æ«oç 12.01 †’ç* ®√vA12.00 ´®Ωèπ◊. Spoken English™ AM, PM ¢√úøç.AM = Ante MeridiemPM = Post Meridiem

Q. Conditional clauses (If clauses) ÆæN´-®Ωçí¬ûÁL-ßª’-ñ‰-ßª’çúÕ? ¢√úøôç èπÿú≈?

A. Conditional Clausesèπ◊§ƒûª lessons îª÷úøçúÕ.î√™«-≤ƒ®Ω’x N´Jçî√ç.

Q. ´’†ç ´’† Ææç¶µ«-≠æ-ù™x≤ƒüµ∆-®Ω-ùçí¬ O.K. ÅØË °æü¿ç¢√úøû√ç. ÅÆæ©’ O.K. Åçõ‰

àN’öÀ?ü∆E °æ¤ô’d-°æ‹-®Óy-ûªh-®√-™‰-N’öÀ?A. OKèπ◊ ÆæÈ®j† N´-®Ωù Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ Ææp≠ædçí¬ûÁLßª’E N≠æßª’ç. éÌçûª-´’çC v°æé¬®Ωç AmericanOl (all) Korekt (correct) (All right ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ) ÅØËexpressionèπ◊ abbreviation ÅE. ´’J-éÌç-ûª-´’çC v°æé¬®Ωç Red Indian ¶µ«≠æ-™xE´÷ô. -Å®·-ûË àO’ Ææp≠ædçí¬ ûÁL-ßª’ü¿’.

K.Manickyam, Chittoor.

éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ ûÁ©’í∫’ Å†’-¢√ü¿ç ûÁ©-°æç-úÕQ. If he came, I would help him.A. ¢√úø’ ®√úø’, ®√´úøç Åçô÷ ïJ-TûË.Q. If you worked hard, you would get good

marks. A. †’ý éπ≠æd°æúøôç Åçô÷ ïJ-TûË (ï®Ω-í∫ü¿’).Q. The horse would kick, if you went near it.A. †’´¤y ü∆E ü¿í∫_®Ωèπ◊ ¢Á∞¡xúøç Åçô÷ ïJ-TûË (ÅC

ï®Ω-í∫ü¿’).Q. I would bring a toy for you if I went to the mar-

ket. A. ØË†’ market éπçô÷ ¢ÁRûË, (ØË†’ ¢Á∞Ïx °æJ-ÆœnA

™‰ü¿’).Ñ -¢√é¬u-™x If clauses-1) If he came -2) If you worked hard -3) If you went near it-4) If I went to the market - OöÀ™x îÁÊ°pN ï®Ω-í∫-´¤.--ÉC ïJ-TûË sentence È®çúÓ ¶µ«í∫ç™ îÁÊ°pC

ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çC. ÉD ï®Ω-í∫ü¿’. Åçõ‰ È®ç-úø÷ -ï®Ωí∫-´¤(Improbable)Å-E -Å®Ωnç

M. Peter Chowdary, Vizag.

Q. Year by year.year after year. Ñ È®çúø’ ¢√é¬u© ´’-üµ¿u ûËú≈àN’öÀ? OöÀE á™« Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√™ Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω--ù-©ûÓN´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.

A. Year by year - Ææç´-ûªq®Ω, Ææç´-ûªq-®√-EéÀ/àú≈-C-Íé-ú≈-CéÃ, Year after year = à∞¡x ûª®Ω-•úÕHis income grew year by year = àú≈-C-Íé-ú≈-CéÀÅûªúÕ Ææç§ƒ-ü¿† Â°J-TçC.Year after year he hoped that his son wouldreturn = à∞¡x ûª®Ω-•úÕ Åûªúø’ ûª† éÌúø’èπ◊ ®√éπ†’ÇPçî√úø’.

M.SURESAN


All colours merAll colours merge into whitege into white


--í∫’®Ω’¢√®Ωç 9 - ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

K.SambasivaRao, AnantapuramQ. Co-relative conjunctions Åçõ‰

àN’öÀ? ¢√öÀE ÖüΔ-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓN´-Jç-îªçúÕ.

A. ïûª-©’í¬ ´îËa conjunctions,

correlative conjunctions ÅN: a) Both... and b) Either ... or c) Just as... so

d) Neither ... nor e) Not only... but also

f) Whether...or

ÉN Éûª®Ω conjunctions ™«í¬ØË words †’,phrases (groups of words without verbs) †’clauses (groups of words with verbs) †’ éπ©’-°æ¤-û√®·.a) Both Rama and Krishna are the avatars of

Vishnu.

(®√--´·-úø’, éπ%-≠æflg-úø’ Éü¿l®Ω÷ èπÿú≈ -N-≠æflg-´¤ -Å-´-û√®Ω-¢Ë’)

b) Either coming here or calling him makes nodifference = Ééπ\-úÕéÀ ®√´--úøçé¬F, ¢√úÕéÀ phoneîËßª’--úøç-é¬F È®çúø÷ äéπõ‰. (ÅC-é¬F, ÉC-é¬F, Åûª-úø’-é¬F, Éûªúø’ é¬F)

c) Just as you talk back when you are offended,so will your son when he is offended = Fèπ◊éÓ°æç ´ÊÆh †’´¤y áü¿’®Ω’ îÁ°œp-†ô’x, F éÌúø’èπ◊ èπÿú≈¢√úÕéÀ éÓ°æç ´*a-†-°æ¤púø’ -Fèπ◊ -á-ü¿’®Ω’ îÁ•’-û√úø’.

d) Neither he nor his brother is honest =

-Å-ûª--úø÷ Eñ«--ßª’-B-°æ-®Ω’úø’ é¬-úø’, Å-ûª-úÕ ûª´·túø÷ é¬úø’.(È®çúÕç-öx àD ™‰ü¿’, Éü¿l-J™ á´®Ω÷ ™‰®Ω’)

e) Not only but also = ÅüË-é¬éπ, ÉC èπÿú≈. Not onlydoes he waste his

time, but also troubles others = ¢√úÕ Ææ´’ßª’ç´%ü∑Δ îËÆæ’-éÓ-´-úø¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈, Éûª-®Ω’-©†÷ É•sç-C-Â°-úø-û√úø’.

f) Whether... or = Å´¤Ø√ é¬üΔ.I don't know whether he will come or not/ Idon't know whether or not he will come here.

É™«çöÀ îÓôx whether •ü¿’©’ 'if' ¢√úø-´îª’a.

Y.V. Srilakshmi, Bommanampadu.

Q. Polite forms ™ suggestion èπ◊ Advise èπ◊ Ö†oûËú≈-©†’ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. È®çúÕçöÀ Å®Ωnç äéπõ‰ éπüΔ.Usage ™ à¢Á’iØ√ ´÷®Ω’p ÖçüΔ? Å™«Íí, fear,frightened, terrified, afraid ©èπ◊ Ö†o ûËú≈-©†’N´-Jç-îªç-úÕ.

A. 1) Polite forms Åçõ‰ ´’®√u-ü¿†’ ûÁLÊ° words,model verbs. would, could ûÓ questionforms ™ ´îËa sentences/ expressions

a) Could you explain this again?

b) Would you wait for a minute?

É™«ç-öÀN. Oô-Eoç-öÀE èπÿú≈ î√™« N -®Ωçí¬ §ƒûªlessons ™ Éî√aç îª÷úøçúÕ.

2) Advise Åçõ‰ Ææ©£æ… Éýúøç.I advise you to buy the book and read it.

(Ç °æ¤Ææhéπç éÌE îªü¿-´-´’E ØË†’ Ææ©£æ… ÉÆæ’h-Ø√o†’.)Suggestion - Åçõ‰ Ææ÷îª†. suggest Åçõ‰ Ææ÷*ç-îªúøç– ÉC advise Åçûª •©çí¬ îÁ°æp-úøç é¬ü¿’. Ç °æE-îËÊÆh ¶«í∫’ç-ô’ç-üË¢Á÷?– ÉC suggest îËßª’-úøç. Ç °æEîË®· †’´¤y, Fèπ◊ ´’ç*C– ÉN advising.

I advise you to stop smoking.

(Æœí∫-È®ö¸ ´÷†’éÓ.)I suggest that you stop smoking.

(†’´¤y Æœí∫-È®ö¸ ´÷†-úøç ´’ç*C.)You do it/ you had better do it/

why don't you do it?

É´Fo advise.

How about/ what about doing it? If I wereyou, I would/ wouldn't do it- É´Fo sugges-tions.

3) Fear = ¶μºßª’-°æ-úøôç – ´·êuçí¬ üμÁj®√uEo éÓ™p-´-úøça) She fears her husband =

¶μº®Ωhçõ‰ Ç¢Á’ ¶μºßª’-°æ--úø’-ûª’çC. Åûª-úÕE áü¿’-®Ì\ØËüμÁj®Ωuç Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ™‰ü¿’.

b) Frightened= Åéπ-≤ƒt-ûª’hí¬ ¶μºßª÷-EéÃ, Cví∫s¥- ’èπ◊ í∫’J-é¬-´-úøç.She was frightened at the right of the robber

with a gun= ûª’§ƒ-éÀûÓ Ö†o Ç --üÌçí∫-†’ îª÷úø-í¬ØËÇ¢Á’èπ◊ ¶μºßª’ç °æ¤öÀdçC. (Åéπ-≤ƒt-ûª’hí¬, Cví∫s¥- ’ûÓ)

c) Terrify = ¶μºßª’çûÓ ´ù’èπÿ, Bv -¢Á’i† ¶«üμ¿ éπ-L-Tç-îª-úøç.

The memory of the maoist gunning down the vil-lagers terrifies her even today = ´÷¢Ó-®·Ææ’d Çví¬´’-Ææ’n-©†’ é¬La îªç°œ† -ñ«c°æ-é¬©’ ¶μºßª’çûÓ Ç¢Á’™´ù’èπÿ, ¶«üμ¿ °æ¤öÀd-Ææ’h-Ø√o®·.

A. Sudhakar, Biknur.

Q. Structural word, content word Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ?A. Content Words- Ææç¶μ«-≠æ-ù™ ®Ωîª-†™ ¶μ«¢√Eo

ûÁLÊ° ´÷ô©’ -Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives andadverbs.

ÉN ™‰éπ-§ÚûË sentences ¶μ«´ç -ûÁ-L-ßª’-ü¿’ éπüΔ?Structural Words: ¢√éπu E®√t-ù«-EéÀ (sentencestructure èπ◊) Å´-Ææ-®Ω-´’ßË’u ´÷ô©’ -

Articles (a/an and the), Prepositions (on, in,into, at, etc), conjunctions(and, but, etc,) determines(any, each, some, etc.)

Q. NüΔuJn prose/ poetry üΔy®√

ví∫£œ«ç-îª-´-©-Æœ† ´·êu-N-≠æ-ßª÷©’àN’öÀ? Ö§ƒ-üμΔu-ßª·úø’ §ƒ®∏Ωç ´·Tç-*† ûª®Ω’-¢√ûª NüΔu-®Ω’l¥-©ûÓ v§ƒéÃdÆˇ îË®·ç-î√-Lq†°æü¿l¥-ûª’-©†’ ûÁ©-°æç-úÕ.

A. Prose üΔy®√ Vocabulary (meaningand use of words), sentence con-struction, expressing an idea in dif-ferent ways, and writing skill (®ΩîªØ√ ØÁj°æ¤ùuç).

Poetry ´©x Ü£æ…-¨¡éÀh, ÅC úéπh-°æ-JîË Nüμ¿ç,Vocabulary ´®Ωg-Ø√-¨¡éÀh ™«çöÀN Â°ç§Òç-Cç-îª’-éÓ-´îª’a.

Q. -à-¢Áj-Ø√ éÌEo -´’ç-* Novels Ê°®Ω’x îÁ°æpçúÕ.A. éÌEo Novels Åçõ‰ à ÖüËl-¨»-EéÀ? á´-JéÀ? NüΔu-®Ω’n-

©é¬? ¶üμ¿-èπ◊-©é¬? General reading é¬? ÅØË üΔE-E -•öÀd Öçô’çC.-*†o-°œ-©x-©èπÿ, É°æ¤p-úÕ-°æ¤púË english™ v§ƒOùuçÆæç§ƒ-Cç-îª’-éÌç-ô’†o ¢√JéÀ, Short stories ûÓv§ƒ®Ωç-Gμç-îª-úøç ´’ç*C. OöÀéÀ RK Narayan,Tagore, Raja Rao, Ruskin Bond, MulkrajAnand, Anitha Das ™«çöÀ ¶μ«®Ω-Bßª’ ®Ωîª-®·-ûª©Ççí∫x ®Ωîª-†-©ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç--Gμç-îªúøç ´’ç*C. Englishîªçü¿-´÷´’ ¶«í¬ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-°æ-úø’-ûª’çC.

Q. She is a good girl. D-EéÀ simple sentence ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’çC éπüΔ. D-Eo- She is a girl and is good(compound), She is a girl who is good (com-plex) ™éÀ ´÷®√a-Lq† é¬®Ω-ù«Eo ûÁ©-°æçúÕ. ÅEo¢√é¬u© meaning, context äéπ\õ‰ éπüΔ?

A. Å™« ´÷®√a-Lq† Å´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’. ´’†ç áçûª Ææ’©-¶μºçí¬ Å®Ωl¥- ’-ßË’ô’x ´÷ö«x-ú≈L, ®√ßª÷L ÅØËC ´’†-Ææ’™ Öçîª’-èπ◊çõ‰ ´’†èπ◊ áô’- çöÀ sentence¢√ú≈™ ÅüË ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC. O’J-*a† example,Grammar for the sake of grammar (¢√uéπ-®ΩùçéÓÆæç ¢√uéπ-®Ωùç) Å¶μºu-Æœç-îª-ö«-EéÀ ´÷vûª¢Ë’Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç.

A. Lakshmi Narayana, Yellandu.

Q. '°æ¤vÈ®éÓ •’Cl¥ >£æ«yéÓ ®Ω’*— ÅØË ¢√é¬u-EéÀ Ææ´÷†Å®√n-EoîËa ÉçTx≠ˇ ñ«Bßª’ç àüÁjØ√ ÖçüΔ?

A. Tastes differ as rivers differ (äéÓ\- †C äéÓ\-®Ω-éπçí¬ Ö†oô’d, äéÌ\-éπ\J ÅGμ-®Ω’* äéÓ\-®Ω-éπçí¬Öçô’çC/ ™éÓ-Gμ†o ®Ω’*”)

Q. 'ØË†’ Éûª-®Ω’-©†’ äéπ ´÷ô Å††’. ´÷ô °æúø†’—

ÉçTx≠ˇ™ á™« °æ©-é¬L?

A. I don't utter a wordagainst others, nordo I take a word.

Q. '°œôd éÌçîÁç, èπÿûª°∂æ’†ç— Å®√n-EoîËaÉçTx≠ˇ ñ«Bßª’çàüÁjØ√ Öçõ‰ îÁ°æpçúÕ?

A. Appearances are deceptive-

(Çé¬®Ωç - -©x Ææy¶μ«´ç ûÁ-L-ßª’-ü¿’)Q. ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ á©’xç-úÕE 'Day after day' Åçö«®√?

™‰üΔ Tomorrow next day Åçö«®√? àC éπÈ®èπ◊d?A. The day after tomorrow Åçö«ç. Day after day

= ®ÓV© ûª®Ω-•úÕ tomorrow next day ûª°æ¤p-.

Anil, ponnur.

Ñ ´‚úø’ ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ îÁ°æp-í∫-©®Ω’.Q. †’´¤y Ø√ •®˝húË §ƒKdéÀ -Ç£æ…y-Eç-îª-•-ú≈f´¤.A. You have been invited to...

Q. †’´¤y Ø√ •®˝húË §ƒKdéÀ Ç£æ…y-Eç-îª-•-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o´¤.A. You are being invited to...

Q. †’´¤y Ø√ •®˝húË §ƒKdéÀ Ç£æ…y-Eç-îª-•-úø-û√´¤A. You will be invited to...

Q.Could I leave the school a lit-tle early?

DEéÀ ûÁ©’í∫’ Å®Ωnç îÁ°æpçúÕ?

A. é¬Ææh ûªy®Ωí¬ (´÷´‚-©’-éπØ√o) ØË†’ -¢Á-∞Ôxî√a school †’ç*? (´’®√u-ü¿í¬ per-mission Åúø-í∫-úøç)Q. At all, after all, by now í∫’Jç* N -

Jç* äéπ ÖüΔ-£æ«-®Ωù ÉýçúÕ.A. At all = ÅÆæ©’. He didn't like themovie at all = Åûª-úÕé¬ ÆœE´÷ ÅÆæ©’†îªa-™‰ü¿’. (áèπ◊\-´í¬ no/ not ûÓ ¢√-úø-û√ç)

After all = Éçûª-îËÆ‘ After all the trouble I havetaken, I have got only one hundred rupees =ØËEçûª éπ≠æd-°æú≈f Ø√éÌ-*açC ´çü¿ ®Ω÷§ƒ-ßª÷™‰.After all, how much money you have isimportant, not how you got it àüË-¢Á’iØ√ Fü¿-í∫_-È®çûª úø•’sç-ü¿-ØËC ´·êuç, †’¢Áy™« Ææç§ƒ-Cç-î√-´-E-é¬ü¿’.By now = Ñ §ƒöÀéÀBy now the programme should have started= Ñ §ƒöÀ-éÀ/Ñ Ææ´’-ßª÷-EéÀ é¬®Ωu-véπ´’ç v§ƒ®Ωç¶μºçÅßª·uç-ú≈-LqçC (Å´-™‰ü¿’).Q. That's what my family won't see.

DEéÀ ûÁ©’í∫’ Å®Ωnç îÁ°æpç-úÕ.A. ÅüË ´÷ èπ◊ô’ç•ç îª÷úø-EC/ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-EC.Q. Her eyes are as blue as flowers.

A. Ç¢Á’ -éπ∞¡Ÿx °æ‹©çûª F©çí¬ Öçö«®·. (English¢√∞¡xèπ◊ blue eyes É≠ædç)

Q. Some words in the story that you may notknow. Ééπ\úø that Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ?

A. That you may not know = Ééπ\úø that èπ◊Å®Ωnç, which ÅE (à ´÷ô-™„jûË Féπ®Ωnç é¬-¢ÓÅE)

Q. This exercise can be done as many timesas you like in a day. Ééπ\úø can be doneÅçõ‰ àN’öÀ?

A. Can be done = îËßª’-•-úø-í∫-©´¤ (´÷´‚©’ûÁ©’í∫’ – îËßª’-í∫-©´¤)

Q. 'ØË†’ èπÿú≈ îª÷úø-™‰ü¿’— ÅØË ¢√é¬uEoI also didn't see it. ÅØ√™«?I didn't also see it ÅØ√™«?I too didn't see it ÅØ√™«?I didn't see it too. ÅØ√™«? îÁ°æpçúÕ.

A.I didn't see it too/ I didn't see it either.

KSR, Marture.

Q. îªü¿’´¤ ÆæçüμΔu ®√E ¢√úÕéÀ ãô’-£æ«èπ◊\ üË¨»-EéÀ Â°†’-´·°æ¤p. îªü¿’´¤ ÆæçüμΔu ®√E¢√úÕéÀ -©-Gμç-îË °æü¿N üË »-EéÀéÌJN. Ñ ´÷ôLo ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ á™« îÁ§ƒpL?

A. Voting right for the illiterate is a disaster tothe country.

An office for the illiterate is the nation's ruin.

Q. Being lost his wife.

Having lost his wife.

Ñ È®çúø’ ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ Å®Ωnç äéπ-õ‰Ø√?A. Being lost his wife - ûª°æ¤p.

Having lost his wife. correct -

¶μ«®Ωu §Ú --úøçûÓ/ §Ú --úøç- -©xQ. Ñ úø•’s ´÷ Ø√-†o-èπ◊ -É-îËa≤ƒh.A. I'll give the money to my father.

Q °∂‘V éπöÀd ´≤ƒh? A. I'll pay the fees and come

Q. ´÷ Ø√†o†’ °œL-îÌ≤ƒh.A. I'll call my father and

come

Q. à ®ÓV îÁ°œp† §ƒ®∏ΩçÇ ®Óñ‰ îªü¿-´-´’E îÁ°æ¤h-

Ø√o†’. é¬F O’®Ω’ îªü¿-´úøç™‰ü¿’. N’´’tLo àç îËßª÷™ îÁ°æpçúÕ?– DEo ÉçTx-≠ˇ™á™« °æ©-é¬™ îÁ°æpçúÕ? A. I tell you to learn a lesson the day it is taught,

but you don't do it. What shall I do with you?

Q. ØË†’ -´-*a-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ -Å-ûª-úø’ éÓ°æp-ú≈fúø’. A. He was angry because I had come.

Q. Çé¬¨¡ç ÉçûªvéÀûªç ´®Ωèπ◊ ûÁ©xí¬ ÖçC. äéπ\-≤ƒ-Jí¬áv®Ω-•-úÕçC. é¬éÀ-™„-éπ\©’, Æœç£æ…-´-™-éπ†ç .. OöÀEÉçTx-≠ˇ™ á™« îÁ§ƒh®Ω’?

A. Till a short while ago the sky has been white,and it has turned red suddenly.

Guess/ Guess work / Unreliable figures,Revision.

S. Narasimga Rao, Karimnagar.

Q. í∫ûªç™ Having í∫’Jç* ®√¨»®Ω’. àüÁjØ√ é¬®Ω-ù«-EéÀèπÿú≈ Having ´Jh-Ææ’hçC éπüΔ?

ÖüΔ: having met my friend I went away. äéπví¬´’-®˝èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cμç-*† °æ¤Ææh-éπç™ Â°j Nüμ¿çí¬îª÷¨»†’. N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. -Ééπ\-úø ÉçTx≠ˇ ¢√é¬u-EéÀûªT-†-ô’xí¬ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®Ωnç ®√´-úøç-™‰ü¿’.

- ûÁ-©°æç-úÕ.A. Å´¤†’. Having lost his wife, he felt lonely =

¶μ«®Ωu §Ú --úøç- ©x Åûª-úø’ äçô-J-ûª†ç Å†’-¶μº-N-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’.Having walked all the distance, I feel tired =Åçûª-ü¿÷®Ωç †úø-´--úøç-´©x Ø√èπ◊ Å©-Ææ-ôí¬ ÖçC.ÉC practice (talking practice) ´©x- ´-Ææ’hçC.

Ch. Raghukiran, Nagavaram.OöÀE ûÁ©’-í∫’-™éÀ Å†’-´-Cç-îªçúÕ.

Q. DEÂ°j Ææçûªéπç îËßª’úøç ´©x ûª´’èπ◊ †≠æd-¢Ë’O’ ™‰ü¿’.A. You don't lose anything by signing here/

you've nothing to lose if you sign here.

Q. Ééπ\úø ¢√£æ«-Ø√©’ EL-°œûË O’Íé †≠ædç.A. If you park your vehicle here you will have

trouble.

Q. Çßª’† °æü¿-´¤© éÓÆæç úø•’s©’ ¢Áü¿-ï™‰x úéÀh.A. Money doesn't matter to him if only he can get

an office.

Q. Ééπ\úø Ææçûªéπç Â°ô’d.A. Sign here

M.SURESAN

-Ççí∫x-¶μ«-≠æ-ù-Ççí∫x-¶μ«-≠æ-ù 506

Her eyes arHer eyes are as blue as flowerse as blue as flowers


--e-Ç-C¢√®Ωç 12- ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Ch.Raghukiran, Nagavaram(Nizamabad)Q. éÀç-C -¢√é¬u-©-†’ Éç-Tx-≠ˇ-™ ----ûÁ-©’°æ

í∫-©®Ω’.Ñ ®ÓV ≤ƒ´÷†’ éÌ†’-éÓ\-¢√L= -

I've to make some purchasestoday.

Ñ ®ÓV ßÁ÷í¬ ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ îËßª÷L =I must do yoga today.

Ø√èπ◊ ¶„jé˙ éÌØËçûª ≤ƒ´’®Ωn uç(úø•’s) ™‰ü¿’ =I can't afford a bike

Ø√èπ◊ É©’x éÌØËçûª ≤ƒ´’®Ωn uç ™‰ü¿’ =I can't afford a house of my own.

Riaz Pasha, Warangal.

Q. What is the different between

'been and being'.

A. Been èπ◊ independent use ™‰ü¿’. Have, had,shall have, etc., ûÓ éπLÆœ 'be' forms †’ formîËÆæ’hçC.Being = Öçúøôç ´©x/ Öçúø-ôçûÓ -Being ill he can't move = ï•’sûÓ Öçúøôç ´©x/Öçúø-ôçûÓ Åûªúø’ éπü¿-©-™‰úø’.

Q. Do you came? and Did you come?

ûË-ú≈ -à-N’-öÀ?A. Do you come? = †’´¤y regular í¬ Ééπ\-úÕéÀ

´Ææ’hç-ö«¢√? Do you came - ûª°æ¤p.Did you come? =í∫ûªç™ – (ã EKgûª Ææ´’-ßª’ç™) †’Ny-éπ\-úÕéÀ´î√a¢√?

Q. Login and logout ûË-ú≈ --ûÁ©°æç-úÕ.

A. Login = Computer™ °æE v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-îªúøçLog out = Computer™ ´’†ç îËÆæ’h†o °æE´·Tç-îªúøç.

Q. Sign in and Sign out ûË-ú≈ ---N-´-Jç-îªç-úÕ.A. Sign in = äéπ-îÓô v°æ¢Ë-Pç-îË-ô-°æ¤púø’ Visitors reg-

ister ™ Visitors îËÊÆ Ææçûªéπç.Computer ™ e -mail °æçÊ°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ Internet ™éÀv°æ¢Ë-Pç-îªúøç.Sign out; 1) äéπ v°æüË¨¡ç †’ç* •ßª’-öÀéÀ ¢Á∞Ïx-ô-°æ¤púø’register ™ Ææçûªéπç îËßª’úøç.e-mail °æç°œç-*† ûª®√yûª Internet †’ç*E≠æ \-N’ç-îªúøç.

Q. Signing off

A. Signing off = Öûªh-®√Eo ´·Tç-îªúøç (ÉçûË Ææçí∫-ûª’©’ ÅE *´®Ω ®√ßª’úøç)

Q. Mean by ppt (V3) past participle?

A. Mean -Past Participle - Meant

Q. Meanings and usage of below written.

Just crossing someone finger Åç-õ‰ -à-N’-öÀ?A. Crossing one's fingers =

Hoping our plans will be successful (´’† °æü∑¿-é¬©’ °∂æL-≤ƒh-ßª’E ÇPç-îªúøç) (Keep one's fingerscrossed)

I've finished what I have to do. I am crossingmy fingers = ØË†’ îÁßª÷u-LqçC îË¨»†’.°∂æLûªç Öçô’ç-ü¿ØË ÇP-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’. -

Q . Much into (I am not much into Vastu. Is itcorrect or not?)

A. Be not much into = Not to be interested in ordoing something.

I am not much into vastu = Ø√èπ◊ ¢√Ææ’h™ Â°ü¿lÇÆæ-éÃh-™‰ü¿’, Åçûª ûÁL-ßª’ü¿’ èπÿú≈.

Q. Cut to (song is not cut to one place to oneplace, is it correct or not?)

A. Cut to = é¬ü¿’ Cut from... to - In Movies/ TV,etc = to move quickly from one scene toanother. eg. The scene cuts from the forestto the palace. (Ç ü¿%-¨¡uç î√™« ûªy®Ωí¬ ÅúøN†’ç* ®√ï-¶µº-´-Ø√-EéÀ ´÷®Ω’-ûª’çC -)

Q. Throughout (Throughout the movie myfavourite place is ... is it correct?)

A. Throughout - from the beginning to theend: The hero is seen throughout the movie= Ç ÆœE´÷ Åçû√ (¢Á·ü¿©’ †’ç* *´®Ω ´®Ωèπ◊)£‘«®Ó éπE-°œ-≤ƒhúø’.Throughout the movie my favourite place is= ÆœE´÷ ¢Á·ûªhç (throughout)... Ç ûª®√yûª myfavourite place èπ◊ Å®Ωnç Ééπ\úø ÆæJ-§Ú-´úøç ™‰ü¿’.

Q. Came into being

A. Came into being = ÖEéÀ™éÀ ®√´úøç/ Öçúøôçv§ƒ®Ωç¶µºç Å´úøçThe Universe came into being several billionyears ago = î√™« ´çü¿© éÓôx à∞¡x éÀçü¿ô N¨¡yç ÖE-éÀ™éÀ´*açC.

Q. I would rather they all would (please explainbriefly again)

A. I'd rather they all would =

¢√∞Ïx-°æE îËÊÆh/ Åçü¿’èπ◊ Ææ´’t-AÊÆh ¶«í∫’ç-ô’ç-ü¿EÅ†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o. I'd rather = I prefer

(ØË†’ É≠æd°æ-úøû√)Q. Are you a coffee free?

A. Ñ group of words sentence é¬ü¿’, Å®Ωnç ™‰ü¿’.é¬•öÀd •£æ›¨» O’®Ω’ îª÷Æœ† sentence, 'Are youa coffee freak?'

freak Åçõ‰ üËE™-ØÁjØ√ N°æ-K-ûª-¢Á’i† ÅGµ- ÷†ç, ÇÆæéÀh Ö†o-¢√∞¡Ÿx. Are you a coffee

freak? = O’®Ω’ Coffee ÅGµ- ÷-†’™«?

Q. He has worked since 1989 (but'has' shows just passed outactions only) please explain.

A. The sentence is correct. Has +Past Participle indicates an actionstarting in the past (1989) and con-tinuing till now. You are correct in saying thathas + pp talks of an action just completed.This is its other use, in addition to the above.

Q. She goes to her friends on sunday.

( Ç¢Á’ ¢√∞¡x ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’-© ÉçöÀéÀ ÇC-¢√®Ωç ¢Á-∞¡Ÿ-ûª’çC.)I have seen this in Spoken English and mydoubt is in the question house / home notmentioned.

A. Ç¢Á’ ¢√∞¡x friends ÉçöÀéÀ ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’çC = She goesto her friends'. (s ûª®√yûª apostrophe í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. ÅC Öçõ‰ØË friends 'ÉçöÀéÀ— ÅØË Å®Ωnç´Ææ’hçC.She goes to her friends (friends èπ◊ apostro-phe ™‰ü¿’) = Ç¢Á’ ûª† friends ü¿í∫_-®Ωèπ◊ ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’çC.friends' - friends + ' - É™« apostrophe ¢√úÕûË,house/ home Åéπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’. É™«çöÀ îÓôx house orhome ¢√úøôç ûª°æ¤p èπÿú≈.

Q. What should I do to get used to ForeignEnglish?

A. Read as much English as you can, listen toEnglish news channels and speak englishwhenever you have a chance.

G. Narsing Rao, Adilabad.

Q. VISION Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ?A. Vision = î√™« Ü£æ«ûÓ ûÁL-Ní¬ ´’†ç ®Ω*ç-îª’-èπ◊†o

v°æù«-Réπ v°æé¬®Ωç, ´’† ¶µºN-≠æuûª’h†’ í∫’Jç* ´’†-èπ◊†oü¿%¨¡uç.(-Ç-™-îª-†).

Q. To be the most admired and successfulexpress distribution company in India bymeeting and exceeding our customers,expectation of services. -D-E -Å®Ωnç -à--N’-öÀ?

A. ´’† ÊÆ´©Â°j ´’† NE-ßÁ÷-í∫-ü∆-®Ω’©èπ◊†o Ç¨¡©’ ûª%°œh-éπ-®Ωçí¬ B®Ωaúøç, Ç Ç¨¡-©†’ ÅCµ-í∫-N’ç-îªúøç ü∆y®√,¶µ«®Ωû˝ ¢Á·ûªhç™ØË Åûªuçûª ÅGµ- ÷†ç §ÒçüË,

Nï-ßª’-´ç-ûª-¢Á’i†Express DistributionÆæçÆæní¬ ®Ω÷§Òç-ü¿úøç.

Q. MISSION èπ◊ Å®Ωnç-ûÁ--©°æç-úÕ.A. Mission = ´’†¶µºN≠æuûª’h†’ í∫’Jç*´’†-èπ◊†o ü¿%¨»uEoEïç îËÆæ’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊´’†ç Å†’-Ææ-Jç-î√-©-†’-èπ◊ØË ´÷®Ω_ç, Nüµ¿’©’.

Q. 1) To focus on customers loyalty & make itthe goal of our organization.

2) To encourage our people for adoption ofnew technologies, processes and systemfor improved, reliable and speedy service.

3) To relentlessly monitor to reach a mini-mum net service level of 98% delivery.

A. 1) (´÷) ´’† ë«û√-ü∆-®Ω’© ÅGµ- ÷†ç §Òçü¿ôçO’ü¿ ü¿%≠œd Â°ôdúøç, ü∆Eo ´’† ÆæçÆæn í∫´’uçí¬ îËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç.

2) ¢Á’®Ω’-Èíj†, †´’t-éπ-¢Á’i†, Ææûªy®Ω ÊÆ´-©ç-Cç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊,éÌûªh ≤ƒçÍé-Aéπ °æJ-ñ«c†ç, N†÷ûªo °æü¿l¥-ûª’©’ Å´-©ç--Gç-îË™« ´’† Æœ•sçCE §Úûªq-£œ«ç-îªúøç.

3) 98 ¨»ûªç Eéπ®Ω ÊÆ´-©ç-CçîË≤ƒn®·éÀ îËÍ®-N-üµ¿çí¬ ´’† ÊÆ´-©†’E®Ωç-ûª- ®√-ßª’çí¬ EÍ®l-Pç-îªúøç.-

Q. éÀç-C ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ -ûÁ-©’í∫’-™ -Å®Ωnç --îÁ°æpç-úÕ.(suggestions for success)

Marry the right person. This onedecision will determine 90% ofyour happiness or misery =Fèπ◊ ûªT† ´uéÀhE Â°Rx îËÆæ’éÓ. -Å-üË 90¨»ûªç ´®Ωèπ◊ F ÆæçûÓ--≥ƒ-Eoí¬E, ü¿’”-ë«-Eoí¬-E -E®Ωg®·Ææ’hç-C.

Give people more than they expect and do itcheerfully =O’ †’ç* Éûª-®Ω’©’ ÇPçîË -ü∆-E éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\-´í¬O’®Ω’ ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ É´y-í∫-©-í¬L.

Be forgiving of yourself and others =F Â°jØ√, Éûª-®Ω’© Â°jØ√ éπ~´÷-í∫’ùç Å©-´-®Ω-îª’éÓ.

Be generous =Nûª-®Ωù (ü∆†) Q©ç éπLT Öçúø’.

Have a greatful heart.=éπ%ûª-ïcûª éπL-T-´¤çúø’ (Grateful, Greatful é¬ü¿’) Persistence, Persistence, Persistence =

°æô’d-ü¿©, °æô’d-ü¿©, °æô’d-ü¿© Discipline yourself to save money on even the

most modest salary =@ûªç áçûª ≤ƒ´÷-†u-¢Á’i-†-üÁjØ√, §Òü¿’°æ¤ îËÆæ’-èπ◊-ØË™«E†’o †’´¤y Eßª’ç-vAç-îª’éÓ.

Treat every one you meet like you want to betreated =E†’o Éûª-®Ω’©’ á™« îª÷ú≈-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ö«¢Ó, Éûª-®Ω’-©†’†’´¤y Å™«Íí îª÷úø’.

Commit yourself to quality =Ø√ùu-ûªèπ◊ •ü¿’l¥-úÕ¢Áj Öçúø’.

Be loyal, Be honest =NüµË-ßª’ûª, Eñ«-®·B éπL-T- -Öçúø’.

Be a self-starter =Éûª®Ω’© O’ü¿ Çüµ∆-®Ω-°æ-úø-èπ◊çú≈ îÌ®Ω´ îª÷°œçîª’.

Stop blaming others. Take responsibility forevery area of your life =Éûª-®Ω’-©†’ EçCç-îª-èπ◊çú≈ Fèπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† N≠æ-ßª÷-©-Eoç-öÀéÃ F¢Ë ¶«üµ¿uûª ´£œ«çîª’.

T. Siva, Nandikotkur.

Q. éÀçC-¢√öÀ Pronunciation ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. Menace =

¢Á’†Æˇ – '¢Á’— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç.

Proboscis =v°æ¶Ô-ÆœÆˇ – '¶Ô— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç

Superb = Ææ÷u°æ®˝s – '°æ— ØÌéÀ\-°æ-©’-èπ◊û√ç; °æ, bird ™ '•— ™«í¬.

Oblation = Å¶„x--ß’≠æØ˛ – '¶„xß’— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©-é¬L.

Drought =vúˆö¸

Pigeon =°œ>Ø˛ – '°œ— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç Chaos =

Èéßª’Æˇ – 'Èé— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç.Tyrant =

õ„j®Ωçö¸– 'õ„j— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. Tyrrany =

öÀ®ΩE – 'öÀ— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√çMartyr =´÷ô(®˝) – '´÷— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç.

Q. I turned off the light.

I turned the light off.

I turned off it.

I turned it off OöÀ™ àNÆæÈ®j-†¢Ó ûÁ©-°æçúÕ.A. I turned off it ûª°æp N’í∫-

û√-´Fo ÆæÈ®j-†¢Ë.Q. Phrasal Verbs †’ á°æ¤púø’ Núø-DÆœ ®√-ßª÷-™

N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.A. Verb, preposition ´’üµ¿u it ®√ü¿’. Phrasal verb

™E, verb †’ particle (preposition/ adverb)á°æ¤púø’ Núø-D-ßª÷-©-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ éπ*a-ûª-¢Á’i† rule Åçô÷àD ™‰ü¿’. ¢√úø’-éπ†’ •öÀd ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-LqçüË.

M. Satyanarayana, Hyderabad.

Q.Fine, well, good, fantastic, superb, wonderfulÑ °æü∆-©†’ á°æ¤púø’, áéπ\úø, á™« Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√L?

A. Well ûª°æp N’í∫-û√-¢√öÀ†Eoç-öÀF àüÁjØ√ î√™«¶«í∫’ç-ü¿E îÁÊ°pç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç. Well Åçõ‰ ¶«í¬(N’í∫û√ ¢√öÀéÀ Å®Ωnç – ¶«í∫’†o).Fantastic = î√™« ¶«í∫’†o/ Åü¿’s¥-ûª-¢Á’i†)/ íÌ°æpí¬ Ö†o.Excellent = Superb = î√™« íÌ°æpí¬ Ö†o(´·êuçí¬ ÅüË ®Ωéπ-¢Á’i† N’í∫-û√-¢√-öÀ-éπçõ‰), °æJ-°æ‹-®Ωg-¢Á’i† (ÉçÍéç ûª°æ¤p°æôd™‰ç)Wonderful = íÌ°æp Ç†ç-ü∆Eo éπL-TçîË/ Çéπ-®Ω-ùÃ-ßª’-¢Á’i†.Well = Â°j¢√-öÀ-™E well†’ ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ nouns´·çü¿’ ¢√úøç. Well = (Ç®Óí∫uç) ¶«í¬-Ö†o. àüÁjØ√ °æE á´-È®jØ√¶«í¬-îËÊÆh – He has done it well Åçö«ç éπü∆–Å™«Íí He played/ understood (something)well Åçö«ç.OöÀ-éπ-Eoç-öÀéÃ Å®√n©’ Éçé¬ î√™« ÖØ√o®·. ´’ç* dictionary îª÷úøçúÕ.

R. Sridevi, Jammulapalem (Prakasam Dist)

Q. ÉöÃ-´© ¢√®Ωh-™xéÀ ´*a† 'CERN' °æ‹Jh Å®ΩnçàN’öÀ? ÉC French Acronym ÅE °ævA-éπ™x îªC-¢√†’ DE Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ?

A. CERN ÅØËC French acronym.

(Abbreviation ™E letters éπL-°œûË °æü¿ç-™«í¬üµ¿yEçîË ´÷ô Acronym).

CERN èπ◊ french ¶µ«≠æ™ Å®Ωnç Council ofEuropean Nuclear Research =

ßª‚®Ó-°œ-ßª’Ø˛ Åù’ °æJ-¨-üµ¿Ø√ ´’çúøL.

M.SURESAN


I am crI am crossing my fingersossing my fingers


-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 14 ÅéÓ-d-•®Ω’ 2008- Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Ananda Rao, GunturQ. What is the difference between

these pairs of words. specially - especially till - until speak - talk though - although

A. Especially = v°æ´·-êçí¬/ ´·êuçí¬.All farmers in the state, especially thosegrowing cotton and tobacco are in trouble =®√≠æZç-™E È®jûª’-©ç-ü¿®Ω÷, ´·êuçí¬ °æAh, §Òí¬èπ◊°æçúÕç-îË-¢√∞¡Ÿx É•sç-ü¿’™x ÖØ√o®Ω’.Specially = v°æûËu-éπçí¬.The train is being run specially to clear thefestival rush = °æçúø’í∫ û√éÀúÕ-E ûªô’dèπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊v°æûËu-éπçí¬ Ñ È®j©’ †úø’-°æ¤-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’. till = until Speak - Å®Ωnç, é¬Ææh ´·êu-¢Á’i† N≠æ-ßª÷©’

formal í¬ ´÷ö«x-úøôç – ¶µ«≠æ ´÷ö«x-úøôç =speak a language. Speak a few wordson the occasion = Ñ Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥çí¬ È®çúø’´‚úø’ ´÷ô©’ ´÷ö«x-úøôç.

Talk - Åçûª ´·êuç-é¬E N≠æßª’ç í∫’Jç*´÷ö«x-úøôç. ´÷´‚©’ °œî√a-§ƒöÀ™«çöÀ Ææç¶µ«-≠æù– talk. Though = Although

Q. Using the word 'actor'to the females, corrector not? (I have seen inthe newspaper.)

A. Actor, author, singer,poet ™«çöÀ ´÷ô-©†’ Çú≈, ´’í¬ Éü¿l-JéÃ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-îªúøç ¢√úø’-Èéj-§Ú-®·ç-C-°æ¤púø’. ûª°æ¤p-™‰ü¿’, ≤˘éπ-®Ωuçí¬Öçô’çC èπÿú≈.

Q. Thank you sir, Thanking you sir. - which iscorrect?

A. Thanking you, sir, - correct

K. Ramakrishna, Khammam.

Q. éÀçC-¢√-öÀE ûÁ©’-í∫’-™éÀ á™« ´÷®√a™ ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.

He is certain to address the meeting.

A. Åûªúø’ Ææ¶µº™ ´÷ö«x-úøôç éπ*aûªç.

Q. We are bound to be late.

A. ´’†ç éπ*a-ûªçí¬ late Å´¤û√ç.

be bound èπ◊ ÉçéÓ Å®Ωnç (Ñ Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ é¬ü¿’)–äéπ °æE îËßª÷-Lq† ¶«üµ¿uûª Öçúøôç.

I am bound to take care of my old parents =´%ü¿’l¥-™„j† ´÷ ûªL-ü¿ç-vúø’-©†’ îª÷Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-Lq† ¶«üµ¿uûªØ√èπ◊çC.

Q. She got to go there tomorrow.

A. She got to go é¬ü¿’, She has got to go theretomorrow = Ç¢Á’ Í®°æ¤ Åéπ\-úÕéÀ ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ ¢Á∞«xLqÖçC/ ¢Á∞¡xéπ ûª°æpü¿’.

Q. We are likely to get approval.

A. Ç¢Á÷ü¿ç ´îËa Å´-é¬¨¡ç ÖçC.

Q. She is opt to hesitate a lot.

A. Ç¢Á’ î√™« ÆæçüË-£œ«ç-îª-´îª’a (àüÁjØ√ îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊).Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ÆæçüË-£œ«çîË Ææy¶µ«´ç ÖçC.

Q. He is due to start as a courier early.

A. Åûªúø’ courier í¬ •ßª’-©’-üË-®√Lq ÖçC.

Q. We are obliged to you.

A. Fèπ◊ ¢Ë’ç ®Ω’ù-°æúÕ ÖØ√oç (éπ%ûª-ïc-ûª©’ ûÁ©-°æúøç)–é¬Ææh formal.

Q. He is supposed to do that work.

A. ÅC Åûªúø’ îËßª÷-Lq† °æE/ Ç °æE îËßª÷LqçCÅûªúø’.

Q. We had rather leave this place.

A. Had rather Å†ç. We would rather leave theplace = ¢Ë’ç Ééπ\-úÕ-†’ç* ¢ÁRx§Ú´-ú≈-EÍé É≠æd-°æ-úø’-ûª’Ø√oç (Ééπ\úø ÖçúËç-ü¿’-éπçõ‰).

Q. I had as well stay where I am.

A. I had é¬ü¿’; I'd (I would) as well stay where Iam = É°æ¤p-úø’ ØË†’†oîÓôØË ÖçúËç-ü¿’-éÀ-≠æd-°æ-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o†’.

Q. I have some doubts with regard to Degrees ofcomparison. Generally we say...

beautiful - more beautiful - most beautiful.

But why can't we say...

beautiful - less beautiful - least beautiful.

eg: 1. She is the least beautiful girl in theclass.

She is less beautiful than any other girl inthe class.

No other girl in the class is no little beautifulas she.

2. She is one of the least beautiful girl in theclass.

She is less beautiful than many other girlsin the class.

Very few girls in the class are as little beau-tiful as she.

3. Radha is less beautiful than sita.

Sita is not so little beautiful as Radha.

Can we write the sentences as above? -Ñ -¢√é¬u-©-†’ -ûÁ-©’í∫’-™ -N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’.

A. Yes. We can say so. Lessbeautiful and least beautifulare comparative andsuperlative respectively, too.

Your sentences in eg No. 2) are

correct- grammatically, but the pos-

itive degree (as little beautiful as) is

not proper usage. Isn't it more con-

venient to say, sita is not so/ as

beautiful as the other girls in the

class.

2) In this example too, it is betterto avoid 'little' before the positive degree. Wecan as well say, 'very few girls in the class areas beautiful as she'.

3) Here again 'little' is better avoidedbefore beautiful. Omitting 'little' before beau-tiful, makes the sentence sound better with-out changing the meaning in any way.

Here are the translations: Literal transla-tions look awkward.

1) Class ™E Åçü¿-J™ Æ‘ûª ûªèπ◊\´ Åçü¿çéπ©C/ ûªèπ◊\´ Åçü¿-í∫ûÁh. (Sup)

Comp: Class ™E à Éûª®Ω Å´÷t-®·-éπØ√o Æ‘ûªÅçü¿ç ûªèπ◊\´.

Positive: à Éûª®Ω Å´÷t®· Æ‘ûªçûª Åçü¿çûªèπ◊\´ é¬ü¿’.

2) Class ™ ûªèπ◊\´ Åçü¿-¢Á’i† Å´÷t-®·™x Æ‘ûªäéπA (Sup)

Comp: class ™E áèπ◊\-´-´’çC Å´÷t-®·-©-éπçõ‰Æ‘ûª Åçü¿ç ûªèπ◊\´.

Pos: Æ‘ûªçûª ûªèπ◊\´ Åçü¿-¢Á’i† Å´÷t-®·©’class ™ Ö†o-¢√∞¡Ÿx î√™« ûªèπ◊\´.

3) ®√üµ¿ Æ‘ûªéπçõ‰ ûªèπ◊\´ Åçü¿-¢Á’içC– compar-ative.

Positive: ®√üµ¿ Æ‘ûªçûª Åçü¿-¢Á’i† Å´÷t®· é¬ü¿’.

VLG Raju, Srikrishnapatnam.Q. éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ á™« ÅØ√™ ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.

O’èπ◊ Í®°æ¤ Ææ÷\©’ Öçü∆?A. Do you have classes/ school tomorrow? (or)

Is your school/ will your school be opentomorrow? / Is tomorrow a working day foryour school?

Q. ØË†’ •®˝húË îËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç ´÷ØË-¨»†’.A. I stopped celebrating my birth day.

Q. Åûª-úÕéÀ ¢√∞¡x´’t *´J îª÷°æ¤ èπÿú≈ ü¿éπ\-™‰ü¿’.A. He could not have even the last look at his

mother.

Q. àéπ-°æ-Bo-v´-ûª’úø’.

A. Monogamist ÅØÌîª’a.Å®·ûË äÍé Ææ´’-ßª’ç™ äéπ ¶µ«®Ωu éπ©-¢√úË English ™monogamist. Åçõ‰äéπ ¶µ«®Ωuèπ◊ Nú≈-èπ◊-L*aÈ®çúÓ-≤ƒJ ÉçéÓÇN-úø†’ Â°∞«x-úÕØ√, monogamist ÅØË Åçö«ç.@N-ûª- ’çû√ äÍé ¶µ«®ΩuûÓ í∫úÕ-Ê°-¢√úø’ (àéπ-°æ-Bo-v -ûª’úø’) ÅØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ English ™ ÆæÈ®j† ´÷ô ™‰ü¿’.

Q. I am talking with/ to you. àC éπÈ®èπ◊d?

A. Both are correct.

Ch. Raghukiran, NagaramQ. What is the difference between- Games and

sports, Revolt and Revolution, Report and

statement, Cash and Amount, Rate and

Price, Speed and Fast, Hai and Hellow,

Poem and Rhyme, Details and Particulars,

Whole and Total, Blue and

Indigo, Award and Reward,

Staff and Faculty.

A. Games Åçõ‰ Éü¿l-J-´’üµ¿u, È®çúø’ ïôx´’üµ¿u ïJÍí véÃúø - cricket, foot-ball, chess etc.

Sports Åçõ‰ Éü¿l®Ω’, È®çúø’ ïôx éπçõ‰áèπ◊\´ ´’çC §ƒ™ÔxØËçü¿’èπ◊ O©’†ovéÃúø©’ - Running race, Swimmingetc.

Revolt- A®Ω’í∫’-¶«ô’– ÅCµ-é¬®Ωç/ ÅCµ-é¬-®Ωç™ Ö†o¢√-JéÀ ´uA-Í®-éπçí¬ ü∆úÕ.

Revolution- N°æx´ç – ≤ƒ´÷->éπ (social) ®√ï-éÃßª’,Éûª®Ω ®Ωçí¬™x ´îËa Â°†’-´÷®Ω’p- a great changein the ways of life of a people, society, coun-try, or world- a revolution has good resultsalmost always.

Report- A presentation of the important detailsof a meeting or Incident- äéπ Ææ´÷-¢Ë-¨»Eo/°∂æ’ô-††’ í∫’Jç* ûÁLÊ° E¢Ë-Céπ.

Statement: ¢√uêu– äéπ N≠æ-ßª÷Eo í∫’Jç* ´’†ÅGµ-v§ƒ-ßª÷Eo ûÁLÊ° comment.

Cash- †í∫ü¿’– Money in the form of currencynotes and coins.

Amount- The amount of money (úø•’s 'Éçûª—ÅE îÁ°æpúøç) Å®·ûË 'Éçûª— ÅØË ¶µ«´çûÓ amount†’ üËEéπ®·Ø√ ¢√úøû√ç- Amount of money/Amount (quantity) of water, etc.

Rate- äéπ éÀ™/ úøïØ˛/ litre/ meter üµ¿®Ω

Price- éÌ-†o Ææ®Ωèπ◊/ ´Ææ’h-´¤© ¢Á·ûªhç üµ¿®Ω.

Speed- The rate at which a thing moves, as 60Kms/ Hour.

Fast- moving at great speed, very quickly.

Speed is a noun, 'Fast' is an adverb.

Hai- Hi- More common- Informal greeting.´’†èπ◊ ¶«í¬ °æJ-îª-ßª’-´·†o ¢√∞¡x†’ °æ©-éπ-JçîË B®Ω’.

Hello- slightly formed greeting éÌçîªç ´’®√u-ü¿ûÓ°æ©-éπ-JçîË Nüµ¿ç.

Poem= °æü¿uç, Rhyme= Åçûªu-v§ƒÆæ È®çúø’ ´÷ô©’äÍé ¨¡•lçûÓ Åçûª-´’-´úøç- Live and give, kissand miss, sit and hit - These pairs of wordsrhyme with each other because they end inthe same sound.

Details = particulars = N´-®√©’

Whole refers to quantity or a group, totalrefers to number. Whole and total are syn-onyms.

Blue- FL/ F©ç

Indigo- ´·ü¿’®Ω’ F©ç

Award= äéπ®Ω’ éπ†•-JîË v°æA-¶µºèπ◊/ éπ%≠œéÀ •£æ›-´’A/°æ¤®Ω-≤ƒ\®Ωç.

Reward- v°æ-A-°∂æ©ç– äéπ °æE Nï-ßª’-´ç-ûªçí¬°æ‹JhîËÆœ-†çü¿’èπ◊ ÉîËa •£æ›-´’A.

Staff = äéπ ÆæçÆæn Æœ•sçC.

Faculty = Universities, Colleges ™ ÖçúË¶üµ¿Ø√ ¨»ê; Maths faculty, English faculty,etc.; Ç ¨»ê™ ÖçúË Åüµ∆u-°æéπ ´®Ω_ç.

K.B. Nardas, Cheriyala

Q. éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ûÁ-©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.

á´-È®-´-®Ì-î√a®Ω’?

A.. Who all have come?

Q. Ñ ü∆J† äéπ Å¶«s®·

¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’ç-úøí¬ îª÷¨»®√?

A.. Have you seen a boy

going this way?

Q. àçöÀ Éçé¬ éπ•’®Ω’x,N¨Ï-≥ƒ©’ îÁ°æpÍ®?

A.. What more?/ What else?

Q. Ñ Â°†’o™ Éçé˙ Å®·-§Ú-®·çC/ ÉC §ƒ®Ω-úøç™‰ü¿’/ ®√ßª’úøç ™‰ü¿’.

A.. The pen has run out of ink. It isn't writing anymore.

Q. Ñ Â°†’o †úø’-Ææ’hçC. DEéÀ This pen is writingÅ†úøç ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’çü∆?

A.. ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’çC.

Q. I had no other object than to beat him Åçõ‰àN’öÀ?

A.. ¢√úÕE éÌôdúøç ûª°æp Ø√éÀçÍé üµËu-ßª’-´‚ ™‰ü¿’.

Q. Shake èπ◊ gender form Öçô’çü∆? Öçõ‰ È®çúø’forms ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.

A.. ÉC arab ´÷ô. ûÁL-ßª’ü¿’.

Q. Chameleon Åçõ‰ ÜÆæ-®Ω-¢Á-Lx ÅE Å®Ωnç, Å®·ûË¢Á·ûªhç °æü∆Eo á™« ÖîªaJç-î√L?

A.. éπO’LÅØ˛– 'O’— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç.

Q. NÆæh-®√-èπ◊-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ à´’ç-ö«®Ω’?

A.. ÆæÈ®j† ´÷ô ™‰ü¿’– eating leaves ÅØÌîª’a.

Q. ´·çü¿’ Â°Rx ï®Ω-í∫-E-´yçúÕ. Â°∞¡x-ßª÷uéπ ÅEo Ææçí∫-ûª’©’ ÅçûË. Ñ ¢√é¬uEo ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ á™« îÁ§ƒpL?

A.. Let the marriage go on first. Once the mar-riage is over, everything will settle down (ÅEoÆæçí∫-ûª’©’ ÅçûË Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç é¬™‰ü¿’) 'everythingwill settle down' ÅFo Ææ®Ω’l-èπ◊ç-ö«®·.

Q. Stomach, Abdomen È®çúÕç-öÀéÀ Å®Ωnç äéπ-õ‰Ø√?

A.. Abdomen= îµ√B éÀçC ¶µ«í∫ç – Éçü¿’™ §Òôd(stomach), Â°ü¿l Ê°í∫’, *†o Ê°í∫’ Öçö«®·.stomach = §Òôd ´÷vûª¢Ë’.

Pavani, Sudha, Matsyapuri

Q. Computers, key boards, adaptors, chargers

É™« à NüËQ ´Ææ’h´¤ îª÷ÆœØ√ ¢√öÀÂ°j ´·vCçîËûªßª÷K N´-®√-©-ûÓ-§ƒ-ô’í¬ äéπ-îÓô capital letters

™ CE ÅE éπ*a-ûªçí¬ ´·vCç* Öçô’çC. Åçõ‰Conformity with Environment ÅE Å®Ωn´÷?¢ËÍ® Å®Ωnç Öçü∆? N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.

A. CE = Certified Ecofriendly = °æ®√u-´-®Ω-ù«-†’-èπÿ-©-¢Á’i-†-Cí¬ vüµ¿’Oéπ-Jç-*çC.

M.SURESAN


He is supposed to do that workHe is supposed to do that work


í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 16 ÅéÓ-d-•®Ω’ 2008- Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

G. Govinda Rao, Visakhapatnam.Q. Albeit Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? äéπ ¢√é¬uEo

DEE Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç* ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.A. Albeit = Although/ though/

even though = Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ.Å®·ûË albeit ví¬çC∑éπç ´÷vûª¢Ë’é¬èπ◊çú≈ old fashioned.

Q. éÀçü¿ Åçúø-®˝-™„jØ˛ îËÆœ† °æü∆-©èπ◊ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ ÆæJ-§ÚßË’°æ®√u-ßª’-°æ-ü∆Eo Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-TÆæ÷h Å†’-´-Cç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.Trend of small movies took a nosedive withall and sundry jumping into the bandwagon.

A. Take a nosedive = üµ¿®Ω©÷, N©’- ©÷ ™«çöÀNÅéπ-≤ƒt-ûª’hí¬ N°æ-K-ûªçí¬ °æúÕ-§Ú-´úøç.

Jump into the bandwagon = ¢Ë©ç-¢ÁvJí¬ áèπ◊\´´’çC îËÆæ’h†o °æE-E ´’†´‚ îËßª’úøç, Å™«çöÀí∫’ç°æ¤™ äéπ-®Ω-´úøç, ¢√J-ûÓ-§ƒô’ ´’†´‚ Ê°®Ω’§ÒçüËç-ü¿’-éÓÆæç.

AP politicians are eager to jump into the pro

Telengana bandwagon = ûÁ©çí¬ù ¢Ë®√p-ô’†’Ææ´’-JnçîË ¢√J™ îËJ-§Ú-¢√-©E AP ®√ï-éÃ-ßª’-¢√-ü¿’©’ûª£æ«-ûª-£æ«-™«-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’. (ãô’x/ ®√ï-éÃ-ßª’©Gl¥ éÓÆæç).Å®·ûË O’®Ω’ Öü¿£æ«Jç-*† ¢√éπuç™ jump into the

bandwagon ¢√úøéπç ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. Jump into the

bandwagon ´·êuçí¬´’†’-≠æfl© N≠æ-ßª’ç™ØË¢√úøû√ç, O’ sentence

™™« *†o ûª®Ω£æ… ÆœE-´÷-©èπ◊ é¬èπ◊çú≈. With the formation of PRP, a number of TDPleaders and members have jumped into thebandwagon= PRP à®√pô’ûÓ î√™«- ’çC TDPØ√ßª’-èπ◊©÷, Ææ-¶µº’u©÷, Åçü¿’™ N’í∫-û√-¢√-J-ûÓ-§ƒô’îËJ-§Ú-ßª÷®Ω’.

Q. B.J.P. not apologetic about Hindutva.

A. £œ«çü¿÷ûªy Æœü∆l¥çûª N≠æ-ßª’ç™ BJP ™ °æ¨»a-û√h°æüµÓ®ΩùÀ/ ûª°æ¤p îË¨»ç, éπ~N’ç-îªçúÕ ÅØË üµÓ®ΩùÀ éπE-°œç-îªúøç ™‰ü¿’.

Q. He debunked that astrology is a science.

A. ñuA-¨»zÆæYç, ã ¨»ÆæY-´’ØË N≠æßª÷Eo Çßª’† •÷ôéπç-Å-E éÌöÀd-§ƒ-Í®-¨»úø’.

Debunk = ÅüÓ •÷ôéπç/ Eïç-™‰-ü¿E Å´-Ê£«∞¡†îËßª’úøç.

Q. The festival showcased Rajkapoor's perfor-mance.

A. Ç Öûªq´ç ®√ñ¸-éπ-°æ‹®˝ †ô-††’ Çéπ-®Ω-ùÃ-ßª’çí¬ v°æü¿-Jzç-*çC. To show case = üË†o-®·Ø√ Çéπ-®Ω-ùÃ-ßª’çí¬ éπ†-°æ-®Ω-îªúøç.

Q. 'Awara' rendered Rajkapoor a householdname in Soviet.

A. 'Ç¢√®√— *vûªç ´‚©çí¬ Soviet Russia ™ ®√ñ -éπ-°æ‹®˝ Ê°®Ω’ ÉçöÀçö« ¢√úË/ NE-°œçîË ´÷õ„j-§Ú-®·çC.

Q. Artists are run- of- the- mill type.

A. Åçü¿’-™E éπ∞«-é¬-®Ω’©’ î√™« ´÷´‚©’ †ô-††’v°æü¿-Jzç-î√®Ω’. Run-of-the-mill = NP-≠ædûª àO’-™‰E î√™« ´÷´‚-™„j†. Å®·ûË ÉC ´’†’-≠æfl-©èπ◊ (Ééπ\úø éπ∞«-é¬-®Ω’©èπ◊™«í¬) ¢√úø®Ω’. éπ∞«-é¬-®Ω’© v°æü¿-®Ωz† éπü∑¿©÷, *vû√©’,Ø√ô-é¬-™«xç-öÀN éÌûªhü¿†ç àO’-™‰éπ á°æ¤púø÷ îª÷ÊÆ™«çöÀ-Ní¬ Öçõ‰, ¢√öÀE run-of-the mill Åçö«ç.

Q. Viswanath, the person betrays no vestige ofsterling success.

A. úéÀhí¬ N¨¡y-Ø√-ü∑˛™ Çßª’† ≤ƒCµç-*† íÌ°æpNï-ßª÷© *£æ…o-™‰N éπE-°œç-îª´¤ (Åçõ‰ Çßª’† ÅçûªEí∫Jy ÅE)betray = (Ééπ\úø) v°æü¿-Jzç-îªúøç, vestige = Å´-¨Ï≠æç. sterling = íÌ°æp.

Q. The element of art and creativity in film mak-ing, with due apologies is non-existent.

A. with due apologies = Ñ ´÷ô-©-†oç-ü¿’èπ◊ éπ~N’ç-îªúøç, é¬F Å†-èπ◊çú≈ Öçúø-™‰†’. (éπ~´÷-°æù éÓ®Ω’ûª÷Ñ ´÷ô-©ç-ô’Ø√o).

Q. The earlier producers are rich and solventenough to the take the failures in their stride.

A. §ƒûª E®√t-ûª©’ üµ¿E-èπ◊©÷, ûªT-†çûª úø•’s E©y©÷Ö†o-¢√®Ω’ (solvent) Å´-úøçûÓ, ¢√®Ω’ ¢Áj°∂æ-™«u©-†’,äúÕ-ü¿’-úø’-èπ◊-©†÷ ûªô’d-èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’.

Solvent = Å´-Ææ-®√-EéÀ é¬´-Lq-†çûª †í∫ü¿’ Öçúøôç.

take failures in their stride = ¢Áj°∂æ-™«u-©†’ ûªô’d-éÓ-´úøç

Q. Today, financiers diktat is the last word.

A. Ñ ®ÓV† financiers üË *´J ¨»Ææ†ç.

Q. I have my innings for over three decades.

A. ´‚úø’ ü¿¨»-¶«l-©’í¬ Ø√ é¬®Ωu-éπ-™«-§ƒ©’ ≤ƒí¬®·.

Q. Take objection, take exception èπ◊ ûËú≈ àN’öÀ?

A. È®çúø÷ äéπõ‰– Å¶µºuç-ûª®Ωç ûÁ©-°æúøç/ ÇÍé~-°œç-îªúøç.

Q. Discussion èπ◊, Deliberation èπ◊ ûËú≈ àN’öÀ?Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.

A. Discussion = îª®Ωa.

Deliberation = ã E®Ωgßª’ç BÆæ’èπ◊ØË ´·çü¿’ ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ Ç™-*ç-îªúøç.

If more than one persondeliberate, ã N≠æßª’ç O’ü¿E®Ωgßª’ç BÆæ’èπ◊ØË ´·çü¿’Åçü¿®Ω÷ éπLÆœ Ç™-*ç-îªúøç(deliberate).

Q. The admirer sang paens about theactor.

A. §ƒô-©ûÓ §Òí∫-úøôç (sing paeans)

Q. He exhibited all his poetical reper-toire.

A. Repertoire (J°æö«y) = Repertory =ã éπ∞«-é¬-®Ω’úø’/ éπ∞«-é¬-JùÀ/ éπ∞«-ÆæçÆæn v°æü¿-Jzç-îª-í∫© Ø√ôu, ÆæçUûª, Ø√ôéπ, Éûª®Ωéπ∞«ç-¨»-©Eo éπL°œ.He exhibited all his poetical repertoire =Çßª’†èπ◊ ûÁL-Æœ† éπN-û√ç-¨»-©-Eoç-öÀE v°æü¿-Jzç-î√úø’.

Q. In Nair of Kerala, women reigns supreme for

centuries.

A. Íé®Ω-∞¡™ Ø√ßª’®Ωx ´®Ω_ç™ ¨¡û√-¶«l-©’í¬ Æ‘Y©’ ÅCµ-é¬-®√Eo îª™«-®·ç-î√®Ω’.

O’ sentence clear í¬ ™‰ü¿’, ûª°æ¤p©’ èπÿú≈ÖØ√o®·. ü∆EéÀ correct form:

Among Nairs of Kerala, women have reigned

supreme for centuries

Reign supreme = E®√-ôç-éπçí¬ §ƒLç-îªúøç.

äéπ ®Ωçí∫ç™ Åûªuçûª íÌ°æp-¢√-®Ω’í¬ ¢Á©’-íÌç-ü¿úøç.

Balamurali Krishna reigns supreme in classi-

cal music = ¨»Æ‘Yßª’ ÆæçU-ûªç™ ¶«©´·®Ω-S-éπ%≠ægÅûªuçûª íÌ°æp.

Q. MLA has espoused the cause of Pulichintala

project.

A. Espouse a cause = äéπ Ç¨¡-ßª÷-EéÀ °æ‹Jh ´’ü¿l-A-ýúøç/ äéπ ÖüËl-¨»-EéÀ ¶«Ææ-ôí¬ Öçúøôç.

Q. The company is gearing up for expansion

(Éçü¿’™ 'gear' Å†o °æü∆-EéÀ ¢Á÷ö«®Ω’ ¢√£æ«-Ø√™xÖ°æ-ßÁ÷-TçîË gear °æü∆-EéÃ ¢√úø-éπç™ ≤ƒ®Ω÷°æuçÖçü∆?)

A. Ç ÆæçÆæn ûª† ÅGµ- %-Cl¥éÀ ÆæçÆœ-ü¿l¥- ’- ¤-ûÓçC. (gear-

ing up)

Q. We are meandering aimlessly in lawns.

A. à í∫´’u´‚ ™‰èπ◊çú≈ áô’-•-úÕûË Å™« A®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’Ø√oç.(Lawns = Â°ü¿l Â°ü¿l ¶µº -Ø√© ´·çü¿’ Åçü¿ç éÓÆæçÂ°çîË °æ*a-í∫úÕf plots)

Q. Vizag vignettes.

A. Vignettes (N†uö¸) = ã úéÀhE, Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo ûÁLÊ°ÆæçéÀ~°æh ®Ωîª†/ Í®ë«-*vûªç.

Vizag vignettes = ¢Ájñ«í˚èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† N≠æ-ßª÷-©†’ -ûÁ-LÊ° *vû√-©’/ ®Ωîª-†©’.

Q. The craft village

strikes a right

chord.

A. Crafts village = éπ∞¡©(´·êuçí¬ îËA-°æ-†’©)v§Úû√q£æ«ç éÓÆæç à®Ωp-®Ω-*† v°æûËuéπ colony/

v°æüË¨¡ç.

The crafts village strikes the right chord =

Ç crafts village v°æï™x ÆæÈ®j† ¶µ«¢√Eo/ ≤ƒ†’-èπÿ©Ææpçü¿-††’ éπL-Tç-îË-Cí¬ ÖçC.

Strike the right chord = ÆæÈ®j† ¶µ«¢√Eo éπL-Tç-îªúøç.

Q. No let-up in Olive Ridley killings.

A. Olive Ridley turtles (äéπ ®Ωéπ-¢Á’i† û√¶‰∞¡Ÿx)†’¢Ëö«úÕ îªç°æ-ôç™ áúø-ûÁ-J°œ ™‰-ü¿’ (Åúøfç ™‰èπ◊çú≈≤ƒí∫’-ûª÷ØË ÖçC).

Q. Beware of BJP bid to polarise society.

A. Ææ´÷-ñ«Eo °æ®Ω-Ææp®Ω úA-Í®éπ ´®√_-©’í¬ <™‰a/ Núø-DÊÆBJP v°æßª’-û√o© N≠æ-ßª’ç™ ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ ÖçúøçúÕ.

A. Penchalaiah, Rajampet. Q. Please clarify the following

doubts.

éÀç-C -¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®√n©’ ûÁ©’-°æ¤ûª÷ Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù-L-ýí∫-©®Ω’.

1. I am having tea now =

2. Neither of my sisters is married.

3. Neither of them has a car.

4. Neither of us saw it happen.

A. 1. É°æ¤p-úø’- ØË†’ öÃ BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’/û√í∫’-ûª’-Ø√o†’.

2. ´÷ Åéπ\-©’/ -îÁ-™„x-Rx-ü¿l-J™ á´-JéÃ Â°Rx-é¬-™‰ü¿’.

3. Ç Éü¿l-J™ á´-JéÃ é¬®Ω’ ™‰ü¿’.

4. ´÷ Éü¿l-J™ á´®Ω÷ ÅC ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’ç-úøí¬îª÷úø-™‰ü¿’.

Q. Hardly, Scarcely, No sooner °æü∆-©†’ àßË’Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ¢√úø-û√®Ó --ûÁ-©’°æí∫-©®Ω’.

A. Hardly/ Scarcely= 1) Å®Ω’-ü¿’-í¬/ -ü∆-ü∆°æ¤ ™‰ü¿’.

He hardly comes here =

Åûªúø’ Ééπ\-úÕéÀ î√™« Å®Ω’-ü¿’í¬ ´≤ƒhúø’.

He scarcely knows me =

ØË†-ûª-úÕéÀ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ -ûÁ-L-ßª’-ü¿’-.

2) Hardly= scarcely= No sooner... than=

äéπ °æE ïJU, ï®Ωí∫éπ´·çüË/ ïJ-T† ¢ÁçôØË.

Hardly/ scarcely did he see/ had he seen the

police when he ran away= No sooner did he

see/ had he seen the police than he ran away

= Åûªúø’ §ÚM-Ææ’†’ îª÷Æ‘/ îª÷úø-í¬ØË/ îª÷Æœ†¢ÁçôØË, §ƒJ-§Ú-ßª÷úø’.

Q. éÀç-C -¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ Å®√n©’ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.

A. 1) I wish I spoke perfect English =

ØË†’ îªéπ\öÀ ÉçTx≠ˇ ´÷ö«x-úÕûË áçûª ¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC.

2) If only I was/ were better looking =

ØËEç-éÌçîÁç Åçü¿çí¬ Öçõ‰...!

G. Naresh, Armoor.

Q. Whether, Meanwhile °æü∆© Å®√n©’ -ûÁ-L-ßª’-ñ‰Æœ,sentence formation ™ OöÀE à N-üµ¿çí¬ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-T-≤ƒh¢Á÷ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.

A. Whether Åçõ‰, Å´¤Ø√, é¬ü∆ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ¢√úøû√ç.

I don't know whether he is here or not =

Ééπ\úø ÖØ√oúÓ, ™‰üÓ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ-L-ßª’ü¿’.

Whether you like it or not you have to do it =

Fèπ◊ †*aØ√, †îªa-éπ-§Ú-®·Ø√ †’NyC îËßª÷-LqçüË.

Meanwhile (meantime) = Ñ ´’üµ¿u™/Éçûª™.

i) The meal is getting ready. Meanwhile

have some bread = ¶µï†ç Æœü¿l¥- ’- ¤-ûÓçC.Éçûª™ é¬Ææh bread A†’.

ii) I was planning to go there. In the mean-

time this happened = ØË†-éπ\-úÕéÀ ¢Á∞«x-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o. Éçûª™ ÉC ïJ-TçC.

Q. 'To' Preposition Å®Ωn-¢Ë’--N’-öÀ?

Let's drink to the health of our respected

foreign guests Åçõ‰?

A. To èπ◊ î√-™« Å®√n-©’-Ø√o®·. Let's drink to the

health of - Ééπ\úø, to éÀ Å®Ωnç, 'éÓÆæç— ÅE.

(Çßª’† Ç®Óí∫uç éÓÆæç).

Q. 'According to' èπ◊ Å®Ωn-¢Ë’--N’öÀ?

A. According to Åçõ‰,v°æé¬®Ωç ÅE. ÉC äéπphrase; to èπ◊ v°æûËu-éπ-¢Á’i† Å®Ωnç àO’-™‰ü¿’.

C. Swetha, Railwaykodur.

Q. Ææ÷dúÁç-ö¸qE v°æ¨¡o©’ ÅúÕ-T-†-°æ¤púø’ Ñ v°æ¨¡oèπ◊Ç†q®˝ îÁÊ°p-¢√∞¡Ÿx îËûª’©’ Â°jÈé-ûªhçúÕ ÅØË-ô-°æ¤púø’ rise

your hands Åçö«®Ω’. îËûª’©’ CçîªçúÕ ÅØË-ô-°æ¤púø’put down hands Å†úøç éπÈ®-ÍédØ√?

A. 1. Rise your hands Å†ç- Raise your hands

Åçö«ç.

Rise = ™‰´-úøç, E©-•-úøôç, áü¿-í∫-úøç.

Raise = (üË†o-®·Ø√) áûªh-úøç, îËûª’-™„-ûªh-úøç é¬•öÀd,raise your hands.

Students rise when the teacher enters

class.

Put down your hands, correct.

Q. N’´’tLo ™„jØ˛ v°æé¬®Ωç v°æ¨¡o-©-úø’-í∫’û√ -Å-†-ú≈-EéÀÉçTx-≠ˇ™ I shall ask you questions in line

wise ÅØ√™« ™‰ü∆ In a line wise ÅØ√™«?

A. I will ask you questions in linewise/ in a

linewise- É¢Ëç Å†ç. I shall ask you ques-

tions one by one/ one after another/ by turns/

in the order of your seats, etc. Åçö«ç.

By turns = ´çûª’© v°æé¬®Ωç.

In the order of - Ç ´®Ω’-Ææ™.

Q. E†’o °æK-éπ~™ Â°∂®·™¸ îË≤ƒh Å†-ú≈Eo ÉçTx-≠ˇ™á™« ÅØ√L?

A. I will fail you.

Q. 'éÌçúø-í∫’®Ω’h— DEo ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ à´’ç-ö«®Ω’? Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©èπ◊ §ƒ®∏Ωç îÁÊ°p-ô-°æ¤púø’ Ñ N≠æ-ßª÷Eo í∫’®Ω’h-Â°-ô’d-éÓ-´-ú≈-EéÀ äéπ éÌçúø-í∫’®Ω’h ÖçC ÅE îÁ•’-ûª’çö«çéπü∆.

A. éÌçúø-í∫’®Ω’h = Landmark - àüÁjØ√ îÓô’/ É©’xáéπ\-úø’çüÓ ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊, ¢√öÀéÀ ü¿í∫_-®Ωí¬ ÖçúËv°æ´·-ê-¢Á’i† v°æüË¨¡ç.

Cinema Halls, Colleges, Govt. Offices,

temples - É´Fo landmarks í¬ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-°æ-úø-û√®·.

§ƒ®∏Ωu N≠æ-ßª÷™x àüÁjØ√ í∫’®Ω’hç-îª’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ûÁLÊ° éÌçúø-í∫’®Ω’h ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ landmark ¢√úøç.

I will tell you something to remember these

things by=

É´Fo í∫’®Ω’hç-îª’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ O©’í¬ ã N≠æßª’çîÁ§ƒh†’.

M.SURESAN


I wish I spoke perI wish I spoke per fect fect EEnglishnglish


-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 19 ÅéÓ-d-•®Ω’ 2008- Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

K.S.R., Martur, Prakasam.

Q. Be ®Ω÷§ƒ©’ (is, am, are, was,were) Å®·ü¿’. ´’J, be E éπL-°œûËÇ®Ω-´¤-´¤-ûª’-Ø√o-®·-í∫ü∆, been, be®Ω÷°æç áçü¿’èπ◊ é¬ü¿’?

A. be ®Ω÷§ƒ©’, am, is, are, was,were, ´÷vûª¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈, 'be' *´-®Ω-´îËa verbs- shall be, will be,

should be, would be, can be, could be, may be,might be, must be, ought be, dare be, need be-Éçé¬ been *´-®Ω-´îËa verbs- have been, hasbeen, had been, shall/ should/ will/ would/ can/could/ may/ might have been.

Been- be ®Ω÷°æ¢Ë’, é¬E ÅC verb é¬ü¿’.Q. I have heard about her. I have heard of her -

OöÀ- ’üµ¿u ûËú≈ àN’öÀ?A. I have heard about her = I have heard of her.

Q. Absolute Phrase (Å¶¸-Ææ-©÷uö¸ vÊ°∂ñ¸) Åçõ‰àN’öÀ? á°æ¤púø’ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-T≤ƒhç?

A. Being a holiday, I did not go to school that day= Ñ sentence ™, Being a holiday ÅØËCabsolute phrase.

English ™ á°æ¤púø÷, à phrase Å®·Ø√, ü∆EéÀü¿í∫_-®Ωí¬ Ö†o-ü∆Eo í∫’Jç* îÁ°æ¤hçC. (Phrase = Agroup of words without a verb). Ééπ\úø Beinga holiday ÅØË phrase,I éÀ ü¿í∫_-®Ωí¬ ÖçC. Åçü¿’-´©x ü∆EéÀ Being a hol-iday, I Åçõ‰, ØË†’ ÂÆ©¢Áj-†ç-ü¿’-´©x ÅØË N°æ-K-û√®Ωnç´Ææ’hçC. É™« ü¿í∫_-®Ω’†osubject èπ◊ Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰E phrase †’ absolutephrase Åçö«ç. So,

Being a holiday, I did not go to school thatday- wrong. DEéÀ correct form,

That day being a holiday, I did not go toschool- Ééπ\úø that day being a holiday = Ç®ÓV ÂÆ©¢Áj†çü¿’-´©x.

Q. Finite, non finite verbs Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? ¢√öÀE Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-TçîË Ææçü¿-®√s¥©’ ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.

A. Finite verbs Öçõ‰ØË, complete meaning ÖçúËgroup of words, sentence Å´¤-ûª’çC.

Finite verbs í∫’Jç* Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ îÁ§ƒpç,´’Sx ÉçéÓ-≤ƒJ N´-J-Ææ’hØ√oç. ÉN 6 ®Ω÷§ƒ™x(forms) Öçö«®·.

1) Be forms (Â°j† ûÁL§ƒç éπü∆? ÅN.)2) Be form + ... ing form- am going, is tak-

ing, has been doing, should have been com-ing, etc.

3) Be form + Past Participle- am seen, isdone, will be given, would have been com-pleted etc.

4) Have/ has/ had/ shall have/ will have,etc + Past Participle- Have seen, has done,shall have gone, etc.

5) Doing words: Ist Regular Doing Word (IRDW), IInd Regular Doing Word (IInd RDW),Past Doing Word (PDW).

Ist RDW IInd RDW PDW

come comes came

take takes took

give gives gave

see sees saw

do does did, etc.

6) Shall/ should/ will/ would/ can/ could/may/ might/ must, etc + I RDW shall do, cansee, may talk, etc.

Ñ 6 classes of verbs ´÷vûª¢Ë’ finite verbs.

Non finite verbs: ÉN Ö†o groups of words,phrases ´÷vûª¢Ë’ Å´¤-û√®· ûª°æp sentencesé¬´¤. ÉN verbs éÀçü¿èπ◊ ™„éπ\èπ◊ ®√´¤.

éÀçCN non-finite verbs.

1) The infinitive- to + Ist RDW- to go, towalk, to see, etc.

Infinitive èπ◊ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ ´‚úø-®√n-©’-Ø√o®·.

a) äéπ °æE îËßª’úøç ÅØË Å®Ωnç–To walk such a long distance is not easy =Åçûª ü¿÷®Ωç †úø- úøç Ææ’©¶µºç é¬ü¿’.

b) äéπ °æE îËßª’-ú≈-EéÀ (purpose) ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ.He came here to see me = ††’o îª÷ÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ Åûª-úÕ-éπ\-úÕéÀ ´î√aúø’.

c) äéπ °æE îËßª÷-©ØË Å®ΩnçûÓ.I want to go home = ØËEç-öÀéÀ ¢Á∞«x-©E Å†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o.È®çúÓ non-finite verb- '...ing' form- going,

coming, etc.

'...ing' form èπ◊, infinitive èπ◊ ™«Íí äéπ °æEîËßª’úøç ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC.

Walking the distance is not easy = Çü¿÷®Ωç †úø- úøç ûËLÍéç é¬ü¿’ = To walk thedistance is not easy.

'...ing' form èπ◊ ÉçéÓ Å®Ωnç, äéπ °æE îËÆæ÷h, äéπ°æE îËÆæ’hç-úøí¬.

Walking along the street, I ran into myfriend = Road ¢Áç•úÕ †úø’Ææ÷h/ †úø’-Ææ÷hç-úøí¬Å†’-éÓ-èπ◊çú≈ Ø√ ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’úÕoîª÷¨»†’.

3) ´‚úÓ non finite verb,Past Participle- seen,

taken, given, etc. Å®Ωnç: îª÷úø-•-úÕ†,BÆæ’-éÓ-•-úÕ†, Éý-•-úÕ† ÅE.

The man seen at the book store

is my neighbour = Book store ™îª÷úø-•-úÕ† Çßª’† (´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’–Book store ™ éπE-°œç-*† Çßª’†) ´÷°æéÀ\ç-ö«-ßª’†.

The stone thrown by the boy =

Ç °œ™«xúÕ îËûª NÆæ-®Ω-•úøf ®√®·. – ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’–Åûªúø’ NÆœ-J† ®√®·.

ÉO finite and non finite verbs.

Q. I brought it for him. Indirect object èπ◊ ´·çü¿’preposition ¢√úø-èπÿ-úøü¿’. ´’J Ñ ¢√éπuç éπÈ®-ÍédØ√?

A. Indirect object èπ◊ ´·çü¿’ preposition ®√èπÿ-úø-ü¿ØËç ™‰ü¿’ éπü∆?

I sold the book to Harish - Ééπ\úø Harish,Indirect object éπü∆? ü∆E- ·çü¿’ to ÅØË prep´≤ÚhçC éπü∆? Å®·ûË, It Indirect object í¬ Ö†o-°æ¤púø’ ´÷vûªç Sub + Verb + Direct object +Prep + Object of the prep- pattern ®√ü¿’.

I sold him the book- Ñ sentence ™,Indirect object, him †’,

I sold the book to him - Ééπ\úø, him †’,object of the preposition 'to' í¬ ´÷®Ω’≤ƒhç.

'It' N≠æ-ßª’ç™ É™« ®√ü¿’. Åçü¿’- ©x,I brought it for him ÅØË Åçö«çé¬F, I brought

him it Å†ç.Q. preposition èπ◊ ÆæÈ®j† E®Ωy-îª†ç ûÁ©°æçúÕ. ¢√éπuç-

™E Éûª®Ω °æü∆-©ûÓ Ö†o Ææç•ç-üµ∆Eo ûÁL-ßª’-ñ‰ÊÆ°æü∆Eo preposition Åçö«®Ω’. éπÈ®-ÍédØ√?I came on foot ™ on èπ◊, Éûª®Ω °æü∆-©èπ◊ à ®Ωéπ-¢Á’i† Ææç•çüµ¿ç ÖçC?

A. Preposition äéπ sentence ™E ´÷ô©èπ◊†oÆæç•çüµ¿ç ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC.

É°æ¤púø’ I came on foot- on foot ™ 'on' èπ◊Å®Ωnç, †úø-éπ† ÅE. ´’† ûÁ©’-í∫’™ N¶µºéÃhv°æûªu-ßª÷©’, English ™ prepositions ü∆ü∆°æ¤äÍé Ææy¶µ«-¢√Eo éπLT Öçö«®·.

K. Ramakrishna, Ongole

Q. What are the telugu translations to the belowgiven sentences.

He is a teacher, is he?

A. He is a teacher, is he? - Åûªúø’ öÃîª-Í®Ø√? ÅEúçí∫uçí¬ Åúø-í∫úøç.

Q. He is not a teacher,isn't he?

A. He isn't a teacher,isn't he? - Åûªúø’öÃîªÍ®ç é¬ü¿’-í∫ü∆?Å†úøç.

Q. Scarcely had thegame started whenit began to rain.

A. Çô ¢Á·ü¿-©®‚ Å -í¬ØË ´®Ωç v§ƒ®Ωç¶µºç Å®·çC.Q. No sooner had he heard the news than he

started off.

A. Ç ¢√®Ωh N†o ¢ÁçôØË Åûªúø’ •ßª’-©’-üË-®√úø’.Q. Hardly had I finished the work when the pic-

ture started.

A. Ø√ °æE °æ‹®Ωh®‚ Å´-í¬ØË/ Å®·† ¢ÁçôØË *vûªç¢Á·ü¿-©-®·çC.

Q. Barely had I gone there when he went out.

A. ØË†-éπ\-úÕéÀ ¢ÁSx¢Á-∞¡x-èπ◊ç-ú≈ØË/ ¢Á∞¡x-í¬ØË Åûªúø’ ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ßª÷úø’.

Q. I can wait unless and until he come.

A. Ñ sentence èπ◊ Å®Ωnç ™‰ü¿’.(Åûªúø’ ´ÊÆh-ØË-é¬F, ´îËaç-ûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ØË†’ -wait í∫-©-†’ É™« Å†çéπü∆? Åûªúø’ ´ÊÆhØË é¬F ØË†’

wait îËßª’†’ Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç ®√ü¿’éπü∆. Åûªúø’ ´îËaçûª´-®Ωèπ◊ (untilhe comes) ØË†’ wait îËßª’-™‰†’Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-í∫©ç.)

Q. We can't wipe out this evil unlessand until the individual thinks so.

A. v°æA-úéÃh ™‰ü¿’ Å†’-èπ◊-ØËç-ûª-´-®Ωèπÿ, Å†’-èπ◊ç-õ‰ØË ûª°æp, ´’†ç Ñ üÓ≥ƒEo E®Ω÷t-Lç-îª™‰ç.

Q. They were asked to maintain sanitation fail-ing which action would be initiated againstthem. (How do we use the phrase failingwhich)

A. °æJ-¨¡Ÿ-v¶µºûª §ƒöÀç-î√-©E ¢√∞¡Ÿx îÁ°æp-•-ú≈f®Ω’. Åçü¿’™(§ƒJ-¨¡Ÿü¿l¥ uç §ƒöÀç-îª-úøç™) ¢√∞¡Ÿx N°∂æ-©-´’-®·ûË(failing which) éπJ∏† îª®Ωu©’ ¢√JO’ü¿ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-îª-•-úø-û√®·.

Q. In 50 n.p., 60 n.p, - here n.p. stands for?

A. np = Naye paise, É°æ¤púø’ OöÀØË Â°j≤ƒ (singular),

paise (plural) Åçô’Ø√oç. üË¨¡ç™ Åù«©’, Â°jÆæ©’(Å°æpöÀ °æü¿l¥A v°æé¬®Ωç, äéπ ®Ω÷§ƒ®· = 192Â°jÆæ©’) BÊÆÆœ, ®Ω÷§ƒ-®·éÀ ´çü¿-Â°j-Ææ©’ v°æ¢Ë-¨¡-Â°-öÀd-†-°æ¤úø’, éÌûªh Â°jÆæ-©’†’, †ßª÷ (hindi for new) paiseÅE ú´-£æ«-Jç-î√®Ω’. Ç ûª®√yûª, 100 Â°jÆæ© ™„éπ\¶«í¬ ¢√úø-éπç-™éÀ ´î√aéπ †ßª÷ BÊÆ-¨»®Ω’.

Q. How do we use the following semi-modals inconversation. Do give telugu translationsalso. be at a loss to, be supposed to, bebound to, be liable to, be apt to, be on thepoint of.

A. In all the expressions, we can use any 'be'form instead of 'be'.

be at a loss to (understand) = Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-™‰-èπ◊ç-úøôç.I am at a loss to understand how he died sosuddenly = Åçûª Åéπ-≤ƒt-ûª’hí¬ á™« îªE-§Ú-ßª÷úÓØ√éπ-®Ωn-´’-´-úøç-™‰ü¿’.

be supposed to = Å†’-éÓ-•-úøôç.He is supposed to be the greatest actor ofthe day. ÑØ√öÀ ¢Ë’öÀ-†-ô’-úÕí¬ Åûªúø’ Å†’-éÓ-•-úø’-ûª’-Ø√oúø’ (Åûª-úÕ-E Å†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’)

be bound to = éπ*a-ûªçí¬ àüÁjØ√ îËßª÷Lq ®√´úøç/îËÊÆ •ü¿’l¥-úÕí¬ Öçúøôç.

I am bound to go there tomorrow = Í®°æ¤ ØË†-éπ\-úÕéÀ éπ*a-ûªçí¬ ¢Á∞«xL.

Ministers are bound to serve the public =´’çvûª’©’ v°æñ«-ÊÆ-´èπ◊ •ü¿’l¥™„j ÖØ√o®Ω’.Be liable to = ïJÍí Å´-é¬¨¡ç Öçúøôç, ûª°æpéπï®Ωí∫-úøç.

a) He is liable to go there = -Å-ûª-úøéπ\-úÕéÀ ¢Á∞ÏxÅ´-é¬¨¡ç ÖçC.

b) They are liable to be punished if they crosslimits = ¢√∞¡Ÿx £æ«ü¿’l-O’-JûË ûª°æpéπ Péπ~-°æ-úø’-ûª’çC.

be apt to = Å´-é¬¨¡ç Öçúøôç. He is apt to come here any moment (Åûªúø’ àéπ~--ù«†o®·Ø√ ®√´îª’a – ´îËa Å´-é¬¨¡ç ÖçC)

Be on the point of = ã °æE îËßª’-¶ûª÷ Öçúøôç.He was on the point of buying the car when Istopped him = Åûªúø’ car éÌ†-¶ûª÷ Öçúøí¬ØË-†’ --Ç-§ƒ†’.

Q. How do we use the following modal idioms inconversation. Do give telugu translations

also. Had as well, hadbest, can't help, can'tbear, can't stand, mustneeds, may as well, can'thelp but, can't make noth-ing of, can you beat it, will

be able to, may be able to, should be able to,would be able to, might be able to, wouldhave been able to

A. Had as well, had best ÅØË expression ™‰ü¿’.had best •ü¿’©’ had better áèπ◊\´ ¢√úø’éπ.á´-J-ÈéjØ√ Ææ©£æ…, Ææ÷îª-†-L-îËaç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç.You had better start now = O’J-°æ¤úø’ •ßª’-©’-üË-®Ωúøç ´’ç*C.

can't help = ûª°æpü¿’.If you want good education, you can't helpspending money = ´’ç* îªü¿’´¤ é¬¢√-©çõ‰ úø•’sê®Ω’a Â°ôdéπ ûª°æpü¿’.

can't bear = ¶µºJç-îª-™‰-éπ-§Ú- úøç = can't standWe can't bear the heat of Vijayawada in sum-mer = Nï-ßª’-¢√-úø™ ¢ËÆæN áçúø ¶µºJç-îª™‰ç = Wecan't stand the heat ...

must needs = ûª°æpéπ – He must needs comehere = Åûª--úÕ-éπ\-úÕéÀ ®√éπ ûª°æpü¿’.

May as well- áç°œéπ ûÁ©-°æúøç– (ÅC îËÊÆ •ü¿’©’,ÉC îÁßÁ·uîª’a éπü∆ ÅØË Å®Ωnç.)Instead of going to a cinema, you may as wellwatch the movie on the TV at home = Hall éÀ¢ÁRx ÆœE´÷ îª÷ÊÆ •ü¿’©’, Éçöx èπÿ®Ω’aE TV ™îª÷úÌîª’a éπü∆?

Can't help but = Can't help. ´÷´‚©’í¬ can'thelp ÅØÓ, can't but ÅØÓ Åçö«ç, 'ûª°æpü¿’— ÅØËÅ®ΩnçûÓ.

You can't help walking = †úø-´éπ ûª°æpü¿’ = Youcan't but walk. ≤ƒ-üµ∆®Ω-ùçí¬ You can't help butwalk ÅE, help, but éπL°œ ¢√úøç. Å®·ûË Ñ ´’üµ¿uíÌ°æp Ççí∫x Å¢Á’-J-éπØ˛ ®Ωîª-®·-ûª-L™« can't help butÅE ¢√úø’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’.

Can't make nothing of it- ÉC ÆæÈ®j† ´÷ô é¬ü¿’.can't make anything of it ™‰ü∆ can make noth-ing of it ÅØ√L. Å®Ωnç– Ø√Íéç Å®Ωnç é¬´úøç ™‰ü¿’ÅE.I can't make anything/ I can make nothing ofwhat he is saying = Åûª-úøç-ô’-†oC Ø√Íéç Å®Ωnç-é¬-´úøç ™‰ü¿’.

Can you beat it? DEéÀ v°æûËu-éπ-¢Á’i† Å®Ωnç àç ™‰ü¿’.Beat Åçõ‰ ãúÕç-îªúøç ÅØË Å®Ωnç BÆæ’-èπ◊çõ‰Can you beat him? Åçõ‰ †’´¤y ¢√úÕE ãúÕç-îª-í∫-©¢√ ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC.

Will be able to = îËßª’-í∫-©-í∫úøç. Future ™would/ should/ can/ could/ may/ might beable to - OöÀéÀ Lesson No. 35 - 38 îª÷úøçúÕ.

M.SURESAN


I am bound to go therI am bound to go there e


--´’çí∫-∞¡¢√®Ωç 21 ÅéÓ-d-•®Ω’ 2008- Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Vasoo: Hi Swapna, finished your assignment?(Ææy---§ƒo ÅÂÆj-Ø˛-¢Á’ç--ö¸ °æ‹®Ωh-®·uçü∆?)

Assignment = Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©èπ◊ §ƒ®∏√uç-¨»© O’ü¿/ ÖüÓu-í¬-©’, ´%ûª’h™x Ö†o-¢√-∞¡xèπ◊ Å°æp-Tç-*† °æE).Swapna: (I'm) still on the job. How about lend-

ing a hand? Sasi has promised tohelp, but for some reason best knownto herself has been hanging back. Idid help her a lot when the going was-n't good for her.

(Ç °æE O’üË ÖØ√o. é¬Ææh ≤ƒßª’ç îËßª’-èπÿ-úøü∆? ¨¡P ≤ƒßª’ç îË≤ƒh-†E ´÷ôÉ*açC, é¬F áçü¿’-éπØÓ ´·çü¿’èπ◊ ®√ -úøç™‰ü¿’. ûª† °æ†’©’ ÆæJí¬_ ï®Ωí∫†°æ¤púø’ ØË†’ûª†èπ◊ ≤ƒßª’ç îË¨»†’).

Vasoo: Sasi isn't the type. Some powerful rea-son must be holding her back.

(Å™«ç-öÀC é¬ü¿’ ¨¡-P. àüÓ •©-¢Á’i† é¬®Ωùçûª-†-†’ Ç°æ¤ûª÷ Öçú≈L.)

Swapna: I know too that she isn't one to letdown a friend in need. She must behaving some reason, I know. What Ifeel is she could let me know of it

(¨¡P Å´-Ææ-®Ωç™ Ö†o ¢√∞¡x†’ Ć-™‰ÊÆ ®Ωéπç é¬ü¿E Ø√èπÿ ûÁ©’Ææ’. àüÓ é¬®Ωùç ÖçúÕ Öçú≈-©Eèπÿú≈ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’. ØË†’-Å-ØËC àN’-ôçõ‰ ÅüËüÓ Ø√èπ◊îÁ§Òp-îª’a éπü∆ ÅE).Vasoo: I think she works

for a firm thatkeeps her busy.She moves about a lot too because ofher job.

(ûª†’ °æE îËÊÆ éπçÂ°-F ûª-†-ØÁ°æ¤púø÷ BJéπ™‰èπ◊çú≈ Öçîª’-ûª’çC. Ç °æE-´©x A®Ω’-í∫’úø’èπÿú≈ áèπ◊\¢Ë).

firm = company.

Swapna: Well, she can tell me of it. You knowvery well the kind of help I need fromher, I can have only from her. She hasthe information I need.

(ÅC Ø√ûÓ îÁ§Òp-îª’a-éπü∆? ûª†’ Ø√èπ◊îËßª’-í∫-L-T† Ææ£æ…ßª’ç ûªØÌ-éπ\ûË îËßª’-í∫-©-ü¿’/-ØË-Ø√¢Á’ ü¿í∫_Í® §Òçü¿-í∫-©†’. Ø√é¬\-¢√-Lq† Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç ûª† ü¿í∫_Í® ÖçC.)

Vasoo: You are wrong there. I forgot to tell you.My uncle works on the same project. Hetold me yesterday he has some bookson the subject. I'm sure they can be ofhelp to you.

(Åéπ\úË §Ò®Ω-•-úø’-ûª’Ø√o´¤ †’´¤y. Fèπ◊ îÁ°æpúøç´’Ja-§Úßª÷. ´÷ ¶«¶«®· èπÿú≈ ÉüË pro-

ject O’ü¿ °æE-îË-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’. Çßª’† ü¿í∫_®Ω éÌEo°æ¤Ææh-é¬©’Ø√oßª’E îÁ§ƒpúø’. ÅN Fèπ◊ Ö°æßÁ÷-í∫-°æ-úÌîª’a.)

Project = v°æù«Réπ v°æé¬®Ωç îËÊÆ °æE àüÁjØ√. äéπ v°æù«-Ré¬ v°æé¬®Ωç F®Ω’ ´%-ü∑∆ §Úèπ◊çú≈E©y-îË-ÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ †ü¿’-©èπ◊ ú≈u¢’-©†’éπúøû√ç. é¬•öÀd ¢√öÀE v§ƒñ„-èπ◊d©’ Åçö«ç.

Swapna: Then why don't you put me on to him?I am impatient to finish the assign-ment. I want to have it done and dust-ed.

(Å®·ûË Ø√é¬-ßª’-††’ °æJ-îªßª’ç îËßª’¢√?Ñ assignment á°æ¤p-úÁ-°æ¤p-úÁ-°æ¤púø’ Å®·§Úûª’çü∆ ÅE ÖçC Ø√èπ◊. °æ‹Jh îËÊÆ-ßª÷-©-†’çC.)

Vasoo: Make it tomorrow evening then uncle islikely to be at our place then.

(Å®·ûË Í®°æ¤ ≤ƒßª’çvûªç -îË≤ƒh. ´÷ ¶«¶«®·´÷ ÉçöÀ-éÌ-≤ƒhúø’).

Éçûªèπ◊ ´·çü¿’ Phrasal verbs †’ í∫’Jç* éÌçûªûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç . Phrasal verbs Åçõ‰ í∫’®Ω’hçC éπü∆?äéπ verb - ü∆E ûª®√yûª, äéπPreposition(s) / adverb(s),´*a, ¢√öÀ™ äéÌ\-éπ\-ü∆E Å®√n-EéÃ,¢√öÀE éπL°œûË ´îËa ¢Á·ûªhç Å®√n-EéÃ

à-O’ Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰éπ-§ÚûË ü∆Eo Phrasalverb Åçö«ç. eg: to put out = (Lights, ´’çô©’™«çöÀN) -ÇÍ®p-ßª’-úøç îª÷úøçúÕ. Ééπ\úø putÅ®√n-E-éÀ-, out Å®√n-E-éÀ-, put out ¢Á·ûªhç Å®√n-EéÃ Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰ü¿’ éπü∆. é¬•öÀd put out-Å-ØË-C phrasal verb. Ñ Lesson ™ éÌEophrasal verbs îª÷ü∆lç.Look at the following sentences from the con-versation above.

1) I am still on the job.

2) For reasons best known to herself, she hasbeen hanging back.

3) ... some powerful reason must be holding herback.

4) I did help her a lot when the going wasn'tgood for her.

5) She isn't the one to let down a friend in need.

6) Why don't you put me on to him.

7) I want to have it done and dusted.

1) To be on the job =äéπ-°æE îËÆæ÷h/ O’üËÖçúøôç(ÉC Phrasal verbé¬ü¿’).

a) You wanted him toclean and tidy upthe house. He is onthe job = ¢√úÕE †’´¤yÉ©’x ¨¡Ÿv¶µº-°æ-J* Ææ®Ωl- ’-Ø√o´¤. Åûª--úø’ -Ç °æE-O’üËÖØ√oúø’.

b) Don't worry. We have some of our best menon the job. Your house will be completed intime = O’Í®ç ¶«üµ¿-°æ-úø-éπçúÕ. ´÷ ´’ç* °æE-¢√-∞¡x™éÌçü¿®Ω’ O’ °æE-O’üË ÖØ√o®Ω’. O’ É©’x Ææé¬-©ç™°æ‹®Ωh-´¤-ûª’çC.

c) I don't know why, but I feel like sleeping whenon the job = áçü¿’éÓ --ûÁL-ßª’-ü¿’. °æE™ Ö†o-°æ¤púË Ø√èπ◊ Evü¿ §Ú¢√-©-E-°œÆæ’hç-C.

2) To hang back = (àü¿-®·Ø√ °æE-îË-ÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊) ¢Á†’-é¬-úøôç/ ÆæçüË-£œ«ç-îª-úøç.

a) She is hanging back fromsigning the agreement =ä°æpçü¿ç O’ü¿ Ææçûªéπç îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ Ç¢Á’ ¢Á†’-é¬-úø’-ûÓçC.

b) The other students rushed aheadto see the VIP, but he hung back,watching what would happen =N’í∫û√ Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©çû√ Ç N.-â.°œ.Eîª÷ö«d-EéÀ áí∫-•-úÕûË, Åûªúø’ ´÷vûªç àçï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çüÓ îª÷ÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢Á†-èπ◊ç-úÕ-§Ú-ßª÷úø’.-

3) To hold back = Ç°æ-úøç/ Çí∫-úøç (îËßª÷-©-†’-èπ◊†o °æEE/ îÁ§ƒp-©-†’-èπ◊†o N≠æ-ßª÷Eo îËßª’-èπ◊çú≈ îÁ°æp-èπ◊çú≈ Öçúøôç).

a) I was about to tell her the secret but held backin the last minute = Ç¢Á’èπ◊ Ø√ ®Ω£æ«Ææuç îÁÊ°p-ßª÷-©-†’-èπ◊-Ø√o-†’-í¬F, *´J éπ~ùç™ ÇÊ°-¨»†’.

b) What's holding you back? why don't you joinus for the picnic = à é¬®Ω-ùç-´©x †’¢√y-T-§Ú-ûª’-Ø√o¢˛? ´÷ûÓ °œéÀoé˙èπ◊ -áç-ü¿’èπ◊ ®√èπÿ-úøü¿’?

4) Good Going = °æJ-Æœn-ûª’©’ Å†’-èπÿ-Lç-îª-úøç/ äéπ °æE ¶«í¬ îËßª’úøç. Å®·ûË Going is goodÅçõ‰ °æJ-Æœn -ûª’©†’èπÿLç-îª-úøç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ¢√úøû√ç.

a) So long as the going is good, none complains

about you = °æJ-Æœn-ûª’-©’ --Å-†’-èπÿ-Lç-*-†çûª ´®Ωèπÿ´’†Lo á´®Ω÷ à-O’ Å†®Ω’.

b) The going hasn't been very good for Gangulyand Dravid for sometime now = í∫çí∫÷-MéÃ, vü∆N-ú˛èπÿ °æJ-Æœn-ûª’©’ éÌçûª-é¬-©çí¬ ¶«í¬-™‰´¤.

55)) To let down - to let somebody down =îË≤ƒh-´’†o Ææ£æ…ßª’ç É≤ƒh-´’†o ´’ü¿lûª’ Éý-èπ◊çú≈E®√-¨¡-°æ-®Ω-îªúøç.

a) My friend let me down by denying hispromised help = Ææ£æ…ßª’ç îË≤ƒh-†E ´÷ô É*a†Ø√ ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’úø’ (´÷ô E©-¶„-ô’d-éÓ-èπ◊çú≈) ††’oE®√-¨¡-°æ--J-î√-úø’.-

b) He let down his team down by his poor bat-ting = îÁûªh ¶«u-öÀçí˚ îËÆœ ûª†Â°j áçûÓ Ç¨¡©’ Â°ô’d-èπ◊†o ûª† ïô’d†’ -Å-ûª-úø’ E®√-¨¡-°æ--J-î√-úø’.

c) Hope you will not let me down by not being

present at the voting. I am counting on yourvote = --ã-öÀçí˚èπ◊ ®√´-úøç´÷E ††’o E®√-¨¡-°æ®Ω-îªèπ◊. Fãô’ O’ü¿ØË ØË-†’ -Çüµ∆®Ω-°æ-úø’-ûª’Ø√o.6) To put (somebody)

on to (somebodyelse) = äéπ-J-E ÉçéÌ-éπ-JéÀ°æJ-îªßª’ç îËßª’-úøç.

a) I don't have what you need, but I can put youon to one who can help you with it =F éπ´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’içC Ø√ ü¿í∫_-®Ω -™‰ü¿’, é¬F Fé¬ Ææ£æ…ßª’çîËßª’-í∫© úéÀhE °æJ-îªßª’ç îËßª’-í∫-©†’.

b) If you can do it, do it don't put me onto any-one else =

†’´¤y îËßª’-í∫-L-TûËØË îË®·. ÅçûË-é¬E ÉçÈé-´Jü¿í∫_®ΩéÃ ††’o °æç°æèπ◊.

7) Done and dusted = °æ‹Jh-îË-Æœ† (phrasal verbé¬-C-C - Idiom).

a) Here is my Spoken English lesson for theNewspaper, done and dusted = -¢√®√h°æ-vAéπèπ◊®√ßª÷-Lq† Spoken English lesson ÉCíÓ,°æ‹®Ωh-®·§Ú-®·çC.

b) They brought all the furniture, done and dust-ed = ¢Á·ûªhç °∂æ-Ko-îª®˝ °æ‹JhîËÆœ ¢√∞¡Ÿx BÆæ’-éÌ-î√a®Ω’.ÉC É°æ¤p-úÕ°æ¤p-úø’ áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√úø’-éπ-™éÀ ´Ææ’h†o ´÷ô.practice îËßª’çúÕ.

M.SURESAN


I am still on the jobI am still on the job


N. Sashi, Hyderabad.

Q. Have had / has had Ñ°æü∆-©†’ á°æ¤púø’, áéπ\úø á™«¢√ú≈™ Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓ N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.

A. Have had/ has had = have/ has + past partici-

ple of have = Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ äéπ´Ææ’h´¤ ´’†-èπ◊ç-úøôç/ í∫ûªç™ á°æ¤púÓ ûÁL-ßª’EÆæ´’ßª’ç™ Öçúøôç.

a) I have had this car for 3 years now =Ñ é¬®Ω’ Ø√ ü¿í∫_®Ω ´‚úË-∞¡Ÿxí¬ ÖçC.-

b) He has had this fever since yesterday = Åûª-úÕéÀ E†oöÀ †’ç* ïy®Ωçí¬ ÖçC.

c) She has had coffee already and doesn'twant any more = Ç¢Á’ é¬°∂‘ BÆæ’-èπ◊çC, ÉçÍéO’Åéπ\-Í®xü¿’.

Q. éÀçC ¢√é¬u-© í∫’-Jç-* -N-´-Jç-îªç-úÕ.He is gone.He is prepared.Questions are given.The box is broken.The above four sentences are passive sen-tences or not? If they are not passive voice

sentences, please explain them in detailwith examples.

A. The first two sentence are not passive,though the verbs there are, be forms+pp.In sentence 1, 'gone' talks about his stateof being 'gone' (¢ÁRx-†-¢√úÁj ÖØ√oúø’). In 2) prepared talks about preparedness(Æœü¿l¥-°æúÕ ÖØ√oúø’). OöÀ È®ç-úÕçöÀéÃ active voicetry îËßª’çúÕ, ®√´¤. (They prepare) him®√´îª’a., é¬F ÉüË Å®Ωnç ®√ü¿’.)3) and 4) are passive sentences.

A. Penchalaiah, Rajampet

Q. éÀçC¢√-öÀ-E N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. I will have none of you.

I will have none of you = O’È®-´®Ω÷ Ø√éÌü¿’l.Å®·ûË, I will have none of it ÅØË ¢√éπuç, †’´¤yîÁÊ°püËO’ ØË†’ N†-ü¿-©’-îª’-éÓ-™‰ü¿’ ÅØË Å®√n-Eo-Ææ’hçC. Be off. Be off = get out. To go by to go by = to go according

to something. I go by what you say = †’´¤y îÁÊ°pü∆-Eo -Å-†’-Ææ-Jç* ØË†’ îË≤ƒh.

°æ-´®˝ -¢Ë’-ØË-ñ¸-¢Á’ç-ö¸-™ -áç.-G.-á.

´’£æ«J ü¿ßª÷-†çü˛ N¨¡y-N-ü∆u-©-ßª÷-EéÀ Å†’-•ç-üµ¿çí¬ Ö†o £æ«®√u-Ø√-™E ØË≠æ-†™¸ °æ´®˝ wõ„jEçí˚ ÉØ˛-Æœd-ô÷uö¸ 'áç.G.á. v§Úví¬¢’ÉØ˛ °æ´®˝ ¢Ë’ØË-ñ ¸-¢Á’ç-ö¸—- éÓ-®Ω’q™ v°æ¢Ë-¨»-EéÀü¿®Ω-ë«-Ææ’h©’ Ç£æ…y-Eç-*çC.

áç°œéπ : †´ç-•®˝ 16† ïJÍí é¬uö¸–2008 °æKéπ~ -≤Ú\®Ω’ ü∆y®√ áç°œéπ îË≤ƒh®Ω’.

Å®Ω|-ûª©’ : G.É. ™‰éπ ûªûªq-´÷† °æK-éπ~™ ÅEo ÂÆN’-Ææd-®˝q™ Ææí∫-ô’† éπFÆæç 60 ¨»ûªç ´÷®Ω’\-©’ç-ú≈L.

ü¿®Ω-ë«Ææ’h : v§ƒÂÆp-éπdÆˇ, Å°œx-Íé-≠æØ˛ §ÚÆæ’d ü∆y®√ éÓ®Ω’-èπ◊çõ‰ ®Ω÷.1000©èπ◊ National PowerTraining Institute, Faridabad Ê°®Ω’Â°júÕ.úÕ.- BÆœ N†-A-°ævûªç ïûª-îËÆœ °æç§ƒL. ¢Á¶¸-ÂÆjö¸ www.ntpi.nic.in †’ç*èπÿú≈ úˆØ˛-™ú˛ îËÆæ’-éÓ-´îª’a.

-´·-êu-¢Á’i-† -ûË-D-©’-: -ü¿®Ω-ë«Ææ’h-© -ñ«-K: -ÅéÓd-•®˝ 1 -†’ç-* -v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº-¢Á’iç-C.-Å°œx-Íé-≠æ†x Æ‘yéπ-®Ω-ùèπ◊ *´JûËD : 2009°∂œv•-´J 23.

ví∫÷°ˇúÕÆæ \-≠æ-Ø˛, -Éç-ô®Ω÷y u-©’: 2009 -´÷-Ja 26, 27.

°æçñ«¶¸ --N-¨¡y-N-ü∆u-©-ßª’ç îªçúŒ-í∫-úµ˛-™E °æçñ«¶¸ N¨¡y-N-ü∆u-©ßª’ç, ßª‚E-´-JqöÃG>-ØÁÆˇ Ææ÷\™¸ áç.G.-á.(-â.G., Â£«î˝.-Ç®˝., •ßÁ÷-õ„-é˙)™ v°æ¢Ë¨¡ç éÓÆæç ü¿®Ω-ë«-Ææ’h©’ Ç£æ…y-Eç-*çC.Å®Ω|-ûª©’ : 1. áç.G.-á.(-•-ßÁ÷-õ„é˙) éÓ®Ω’qèπ◊: •ßÁ÷

-ÂÆj-ØÁq-Æˇ™ úÕvU ™‰ü∆ °œ.>.-úÕvU™ éπFÆæç 50¨»ûªç ´÷®Ω’\©’ ®√¢√L.

2.áç.G.á.(Â£«î˝.-Ç®˝, Éûª®Ω éÓ®Ω’q-©èπ◊) : éπFÆæç 50¨»ûªç ´÷®Ω’\-©ûÓ úÕvU ™‰éπ ûªûªq-´÷† éÓ®Ω’q îËÆœÖçú≈L.áç°œéπ : †´ç-•®˝ 16, 2008† ïJÍí é¬uö¸ °æKéπ~

≤Ú\®Ω’ Çüµ∆-®Ωçí¬ áç°œéπ îË≤ƒh®Ω’.ü¿®Ω-ë«Ææ’h : v§ƒÂÆp-éπdÆˇ, ü¿®Ω-ë«Ææ’h §∂ƒ®√-©†’ ¢Á¶ -ÂÆjö¸

†’ç* úˆØ˛-™ú˛ îËÆæ’-éÓ-´îª’a. Éûª®Ω N´-®√-©èπ◊ ¢Á¶¸-ÂÆjö¸ www.ubs.puchd.acîª÷úÌîª’a.

-´·-êu-¢Á’i-† -ûË-D-©’-: 1. ü¿®Ω-ë«-Ææ’h© ñ«K: ÅéÓd-•®˝ 15 †’ç* †´ç-•®˝ 15 ´®Ωèπ◊.

2) ü¿®Ω-ë«-Ææ’h© Æ‘yéπ-®Ω-ùèπ◊ *´J ûËD: †´ç-•®˝ 15. *®Ω’-Ø√´÷: Chairman, University Business

School, Panjab University,

Chandigarh-160014

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 23 --ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

S. Sriram, Hyderabad

Q. By pass road †’ ûÁ©’-í∫’™à´’-Ø√L?

A. ´’Rxç°æ¤ ü∆J/ ®Ω£æ«-ü∆J ÅØÌîª’a.Q. (Bank) Pass book †’ ûÁ©’-í∫’™

à´’--ØÌîª’a?A. ûÁ©’-í∫’™ ÆæÈ®j† ´÷ô-™‰ü¿’.Q. ®√´’-ßª’u†’ Ramayya ÅE

é¬èπ◊çú≈ Ramaiah ÅE áçü¿’èπ◊ ®√Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’. 'ßª’u—èπ◊ iah á™« ÆæJ- §Ú-ûª’çC?

A. Indian names N≠æ-ßª÷-E-éÌÊÆh, ÆæÈ®j† ¨¡¶«lEo ûÁLÊ°à spelling Å®·Ø√ ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’çC. Standardspelling Åçô÷ àç Öçúøü¿’.

Q. ü¿Ææ®√ ÂÆpLxçí˚ 'Dussehra' éπÈ®-ÍédØ√?A. British §ƒ©† Å´-¨Ï≠æç Ç spelling (Dussehra).

Dasara Åçõ‰ ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’çC, Cuddapah èπ◊ •ü¿’©’Kadapa ÅE -¢√-úÌ-îª’a.

G. Shankar, Keshavapatnam

Q. What is/ are the difference between thesentences which are as follow under.

i) I don't try to speak loudly.

ii) I try not to speak loudly.

A . i) Gí∫_-®Ωí¬ ´÷ö«x-úËç-ü¿’èπ◊ v°æßª’-Aoç-îª†’.ii) Gí∫_-®Ωí¬ ´÷ö«x-úø-èπ◊çú≈ -

ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊ v°æßª’-Ao-≤ƒh†’– È®ç-úÕçöÀéÃ Å®Ωnçü∆ü∆°æ¤ -äéπ-õ‰.

Q. i) I alone can do it.

ii) I can do it alone.

A . i) ØËØÌ-éπ\-úÕØË ÅC îËßª’-í∫-©†’ii) ØË†C äéπ\-úÕí¬ (Éûª-®Ω’© Ææ£æ…ßª’ç ™‰èπ◊çú≈)

îËßª’-í∫-©†’.Q. i) The mother loves Amitab better than me.

ii) The mother loves Amitab better than I.

A . i) Ç ûªLx ††’o vÊ°N’ç-îËç-ü¿’-éπçõ‰ ÅN’-û√-¶¸†’áèπ◊\´ vÊ°N’-Ææ’hçC = Ç ûªLxéÀ Ø√Â°j éπçõ‰ èπÿú≈ÅN’-û√¶¸ O’ü¿ vÊ°´’ áèπ◊\´

ii) ÅN’-û√-¶¸†’ ØË†’ vÊ°N’ç-îËçü¿’ éπØ√o Ç¢Á’ áèπ◊\´vÊ°N’-Ææ’hçC = ÅN’-û√¶¸ °æôx Ø√èπ◊†o vÊ°´’-éπØ√oÇ¢Á’ vÊ°´’ áèπ◊\´.

A. Sudhakar,Peddamallareddy (Nizamabad)

Q. You told us in the previous lessons about 'ifconditions' have no shall, will, should andwould in them. But I have seen some sen-tences like (a) If you will wait a moment I'llfetch a chair (b) I should be very grateful ifyou would do that for me. Please clarify.

A. In sentences like a) If you will wait amoment... the 'if' clause is not a conditionalclause. It is a request, and so the rule thatwill/ shall/ would/ should should not be usedin it does not apply here. In your sentences, Ifyou will wait = Just wait a moment, and... ifyou would do that = please do that. So yousee that not all clauses beginning with 'if' areconditional clauses. A conditional clauseexpresses a condition. That is, what the mainclause states will happen only if what thesubordinate clause (beginning with 'if' sometimes) states happens.

eg: If he gets the job, his mother will feelhappy. Here his mother will feel happy oncondition that he gets the job. If you paymore, you can travel A/C = on condition thatyou pay more, you can travel A/C.

Q. Present continuous ™ some verbs see,think, know, understand etc., am + is + are +ing form ™ ®√´¤ éπü∆. Ñ ¢√é¬u-©†’ N -Jç-îªçúÕ.

1. I'm seeing her tomorrow.

2. You're always seeing somethingstrange.

3. I was just thinking it might be a goodidea.

A. 'See' has the meaning of 'meet' too. With themeaning of 'meet' 'see' can be used in theam/ is/ are + ing form. In the sentence, 'youare always seeing strange things', the word'see' has the meaning of imagining (Ü£œ«ç-îª’-éÓ-´-úøç). With this meaning, am/ is/ are see-ing is used, but it is not correct. 'You alwayssee strange things' is certainly better.

One of the meanings of 'think' is, havingideas, words or pictures in your mind aboutsomething' (äéπ N≠æßª’ç í∫’-Jç-* ´’†èπ◊ éπ-LÍíÇ™-îª-†©’, ´÷ô©’, ü¿%¨»u©’). Ñ Å®ΩnçûÓ 'am/ is/are thinking' ¢√úø-´îª’a. 'What are you think-ing?' - üËEo í∫’-Jç-* Ç™-*-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤?/ àç îÁ§ƒp-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o´¤? ü∆Eo í∫’-Jç-* N≠æßª’ç àç Öç-C´’†-Ææ’™ ÅØË-é¬F, †’¢Ëyç Ç™-*-Ææ’h-Ø√o- E é¬ü¿’. ÇÅ®ΩnçûÓ 'I was just thinking it was a good idea'- (Ç, àç ™‰ü¿’ ÅC - ’ç* Ç™-îªØË ÅE°œç-*çCØ√èπ◊) correct.

Nagasrinivas, Chirala

Q. í∫ûªç™ †’ç* Éçé¬ îËÆæ’hç-úø-í∫-LÍí ¢√úÕE Å†-ú≈-EéÀ couldhave + p.p. + ing form ¢√úø-´î√a?

A. Could have p.p. ing form Åçõ‰ Ééπ\úøp.p Åçõ‰ been Å®·-†-ôx-®·ûË ¢√úø-´îª’a.Been ûª°æp ÉçÍé p.p. ¢√úø-ö«-EéÀ ™‰ü¿’.

He could have been (p.p.) doing

it for two days now = Åûª-†C È®çúø’-®Ó-V© véÀûªç †’ç* É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊/ Éçé¬îÁßª’u-í∫-©’í∫’ûª’ç-úË-¢√-úË (é¬E îËßª’-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ßª÷úø’)

Å®·ûË, îËßª’-í∫--Lí¬úø’ (îË¨»úø’ èπÿú≈) ÅØË Å®Ωnçé¬¢√-©çõ‰ He has been able to do it Å-Ø√-L.

Q. í∫ûªç™ †’ç* Éçé¬ ï®Ω’-í∫’ûª÷ ÖçúËC Å†-ú≈-EéÀwould have + P.P. + ing form ¢√úÌî√a?

A. It would have been going on for sometime =

ï®Ω’-í∫’ûª÷ ÖçúËüË é¬E ï®Ω-í∫-™‰ü¿’.

It has been going on for sometime past =

í∫ûªç™ v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº-¢Á’i Éçé¬ ï®Ω’-í∫’ûª÷ ÖçC.

Q. í∫ûªç †’ç* Éçé¬ îËßª÷Lq ÖçúËC É™«çöÀexpressions †’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ á™« ûÁ©’-°æ-´îª’a? OöÀ-Íé-¢Á’iØ√ structure Öçü∆?

A. Somebody- he/ she/ they, etc, should have

been doing it- ¢√-∞¡xC îËÆæ÷h Öçú≈-LqçC, é¬F îËßª’-úøç ™‰ü¿’.

They must have been doing it for sometime

now = ¢√∞¡xC éÌçûª-é¬-©çí¬ éπ*a-ûªçí¬ îËÆæ÷hÖØ√o®Ω’.

à ´’ç* Grammar book Å®·Ø√ OöÀE N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©ü¿’.

Q. Éûªúø’ ™‰éπ-§ÚûË, ØË†’ ÉEo ®ÓV© †’ç* Ééπ\úø Öçúø-í∫-©’-í∫’-ûª’çõ‰ ¢√úÕE é¬ü¿’– -D-E-E -É-™« Å-ØÌî√a?

If he is no, I couldn't have been living here for

such this time.

A. ÉC ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. É™« ÅØ√L.

If he had not been here (Åûª-úø’ ™‰éπ-§Ú-ßª·çõ‰),I could not have been here for such a long

time. (-ØËEç-ûª-é¬©-N’éπ\úø Öçúø-í∫--LÍí¢√--úÕ-E-é¬†’–Öçúø-í∫-L-í¬†’)

Q. Åûª-úø’çõ‰ ØË†’ îËÆæ’hçúË¢√úÕE Å†-ú≈-EéÀ If he is, I

would have been doing it Å†-´î√a?

Åûªúø’ ™‰éπ-§ÚûË ØË†’ îËßª÷Lq ´îËaC ÅE Å†-ú≈-EéÀá™« Åçö«ç?

A. Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈, If he had been here, I would to

have been doing it Åçö«ç.

P. Srinivasu, Tatiparthi.Q. May I request you to

clarify the following

doubts. He started

to run. He started

running. -O-öÀ - ’-üµ¿uûË-ú≈ -à-N’-öÀ?

A. He started to run = He started running

(°æ®Ω’í∫’ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-î√úø’)

Q. I like to play cricket. I like playing cricket.

A. I like to play cricket = I like playing cricket

(cricket Çúøôç Ø√éÀ-≠ædç)

In these contexts, to play = playing;

to start = starting.

P. Simhachalam, VijayawadaQ. éÀçC ¢√é¬u©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ-™éÀ Å†’-´-Cç-îªçúÕ.

ÂÆ©-´¤© í∫’Jç* ÅúÕ-TûË ≤ƒ®˝ à´’-Ø√o®Ω’?A. What did the teacher say about holidays?

Q. Éûª-®Ω’© ÅGµ-v§ƒ-ßª÷-©†’ ´’†çíı®Ω-Nç-î√™‰ ûª°æp, ´’† ÅGµ-v§ƒ-ßª÷-©†’ ¢√∞¡xÂ°j ®Ω’ü¿lèπÿúøü¿’.

A. We should only respect

others' opinions but notimpose our opinions onthem.

Q. ØË†’ Ø√ @N-ûªç™ àüÁjØ√ ≤ƒCµç-î√-Lq† Ææ´’ßª’ç ´*açC.

A. The time has come when Ishould achieve something in life.

Q. Å®·Ø√ éπ≥ƒd©’ ´’†èπ◊ îÁ°œp ´≤ƒhßª÷àçöÀ? é¬™«-EéÀ ûªí∫_-ô’dí¬ Ææ®Ω’l-èπ◊-§Ú-´-úø¢Ë’.

A. We can't anticipate/ No knowing when weface troubles. We've to get adjusted withthem/ take them in their stride.

Q. ®Ω°∂æ·èπ◊ F ÂÆ™ -§∂ÚØ˛ í∫’Jç* îÁ°æp-èπ◊çú≈ ´’ç* °æEîË »´¤. ™‰éπ-§ÚûË ¶«u™„Ø˛q §∂ÚØ˛™ ¢Ëßª’- ’E ´’†ñ‰•’©’ *©’x©’ îËÊÆ-¢√úø’.

A. You did a good thing, not telling Raghu about

the cell phone. Otherwise he'd have made a

hole in our pockets by ... (Balance phone ™¢Ëßª’-úø- ’çõ‰ Å®Ωnç é¬™‰ü¿’)

Q. ¶µºN-≠æuû˝ é¬™«-EéÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† will/ shall + infini-

tive, be form + going to, Be about to, simple

present tense, present continuous tense,

(am, is was) be + to í∫’Jç* ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. OöÀE¢√úË Ææçü¿-®√s¥-©†’ Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓ N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.

A. ûÁ©’-Ææ’-í∫ü∆? I/ We + shall, he/ she/ it/ they +

will- Åçûª éπ*a-ûªç-é¬E ¶µºN-≠æûª’h†’ ûÁ-L-ßª’-ñ‰≤ƒh®·.I shall be here again- ØËE-éπ\úø ´’Sx Öçö«(éπ*aûªç é¬ü¿’) He will go tomorrow- Í®°æ¤ ¢√úø’-¢Á-∞«húø’ (éπ*a-ûªç-é¬ü¿’) ÅüË I/ we + will- ´÷ö«xúË¢√∞¡x E®Ωg-ßª÷Eo, ÖüËl-¨»Eo, ¢√∞¡Ÿx- ´÷ô É´y--ú≈EoûÁ©’°æ¤-ûª’çC.

He/ she/ it/ they + shall- orders (Çïc©’),E•ç-üµ¿-†©’, ´÷ô É´y--ú≈EéÃ -¢√úø-û√ç. Å®·ûË,Modern English ™ ´·êuçí¬ spoken form ™,will ÅEoç-öÀéÃ ¢√úø’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’. äéπ E•ç-üµ¿-†©’ûÁ-LÊ°ç-ü¿’Íé he/ she/ it/ they shall ¢√úø’-ûª’Ø√oç.

shall be/ will be doing- ¶µºN-≠æu-ûª’h™ Å†’-èπ◊†oã Ææ´’-ßª÷-EéÀ, ï®Ω’-í∫’ûª÷ ÖçúË °æEéÀ -îÁ-•’-û√ç.

I shall/ will be discussing this matter with

him tomorrow- Í®°‘ N≠æ-ßª÷Eo Åûª--úÕûÓîªJa-Ææ’hç-ö«†’.

Be (am/ is/ are/ was/ were) going to do

(something)= ¶µºN-≠æu-û˝™ àüÁjØ√ îËßª’-¶-ûª’-Ø√o-

´’E/ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’ç-ü¿-E îÁ°æp-úøç.He is going to pay the bill tomorrow= Å-ûª-úø’

Í®°æ¤ bill îÁLxç-îª-¶-ûª’-Ø√oúø’– ÉC He will pay thebill éπçõ‰ éπ*aûªç.

(He shall pay the bill = Åûª-úø’ G™¸ îÁLxç-î√L-Order/ rule)

He is to pay (be form + infinitive) the bill =Åûª-úø’ bill îÁLxç-î√L/ îÁLxç-î√Lq ÖçC (Éçé¬îÁLxç-îª-™‰ü¿’)

He was to pay the bill = í∫ûªç™ Åûª-úø’ billîÁLxç-î√Lq ÖçúÕçC (îÁLxç-î√úø’ èπÿú≈ ÅØË Å®Ωnç,≤ƒüµ¿uç)

Q. ÉçTx≠ˇÂ°j °æô’d ≤ƒCµç-î√-©çõ‰ ´÷ûª%-¶µ«≠æ ûÁ©’-í∫’Â°j°æô’d Öçú≈-©E Åçô’-Ø√o®Ω’. Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? Å†’-¢√ü¿ °æ¤Ææh-é¬©’ (ÉçTx≠ˇ †’ç* ûÁ©’í∫’) îªCN Å®ΩnçîËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√™«? ™‰éπ-§ÚûË ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ sentence struc-

tures practice îËÆœ ØË®Ω’a-éÓ-¢√™«? Sentence struc-ture èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç* éÌEoÅ†’-¢√ü¿ °æ¤Ææhé¬© Ê°®Ω’xîÁ°æpçúÕ.A. English ´îËaç-ü¿’èπ◊

ûÁ©’í∫’ ¶«í¬ ûÁL-ßª÷-LqçüË. ÆæçüË-£æ«ç-™‰ü¿’. áçü¿’-éπçõ‰´’† Ç™-îª-†©’ Ææp≠ædçí¬ Öçõ‰ ´’†-¶µ«≠æ èπÿú≈ Ææp≠ædçí¬Öçô’çC. ûÁ©’í∫’ ¶«í¬ ûÁLÆœ Öçõ‰, ¶µ« - Ææp≠æd-ûª Â°®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çC. Å°æ¤púø’ English ™ èπÿú≈ ´’†ç Ææp≠ædçí¬îÁ°æp-í∫©ç. Structures practise îËÆœ-†çûª ´÷vû√†English Â°j °æô’d-®√ü¿’. Sentence ™ °æü∆© Å´’-Jéπ(structure) É™« Öçú≈L Å†’-èπ◊E, Ç v°æé¬®Ωç (´÷ö«x-úË--ô°æ¤púø’) °æü∆-©†’ Å´’-®Ωaç- éπü∆? English ´÷ö«x-úøE¢√∞¡x- ’üµ¿uí∫ü∆ ´’†ç Öçô’Ø√oç. Åçü¿’-éπE next bestáçûª O©’çõ‰ Åçûª English îªü¿- -úøç ´©x ™«¶µº-°æ-úø-û√ç. Grammar knowledge, structures Åçûªí¬≤ƒßª’-°æ-úø´¤. Å´-é¬¨¡ç *éÀ\-†-°æ¤p-úø™«x, ûª§Úp, ä§Úp´÷ö«x-úË-ßª’-úøç, O©-®·-†çûªÊÆ°æ¤ English N-†-úøç (TVnewscasts) O©-®·-†çûª English îªü¿-´-úøç Öûªh-´’-´÷®Ω_ç.

Q. ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ standard grammar books Ê°®Ω’x-ûÁ-©’°æí∫-©®Ω’.

A. O’èπ◊ ´’ç* Grammar books: 1) Essential

English Grammar 2) Advanced English

Grammar by Reymond Murphy.

Q. éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©†’ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å†’- -Cç-îªçúÕ.

Let me sleep over it.

A. é¬ÊÆ-§ƒí∫’. ††’o é¬Ææh time BÆæ’éÓF, ü∆Eo í∫’-Jç-*E®Ωg-®·ç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊.

Q. Stop kidding, and don't even joke about it.

A. F jokes Ç°æ¤. kidding = joke îËßª’-úøç

Q. Wake up, sleep head. You were no.1 not any

more, I suppose.

A. Sleepy head, sleep head é¬ü¿’ - Sleepy head

= Evü¿-¢Á·£æ«ç (°æ‹Jhí¬ Evü¿-´’ûª’h -†’ç* éÓ©’-éÓ-E-¢√∞¡Ÿx). Wake up, sleepy head. You were no.1.

Not any more = ¢Ë’™\, Evü¿ ¢Á·£æ«´÷. äéπ-°æ¤púø’†’´¤y ØÁç.1. É°æ¤púø’ é¬ü¿’.

Q. Stop yapping and get the hat out of my

house.

A. °œ*a-°œ-*aí¬ éÓ°æç ûÁ°œpç-îËô’d ¢√í∫èπ◊. §Ú, Ééπ\-úÕoç*.(Get out)

Q. Are you no nuts? This is Vijayawada.

A. FÍé-´’Ø√o °œîÁa-éÀ\çü∆? ÉC Nï-ßª’-¢√úø.

Q. If you speak another word you're fired.

A. ÉçéÓ-´÷ô ´÷ö«x-ú≈-´çõ‰ F ÖüÓuí∫ç Üúø’-ûª’çC.(fire = ÖüÓuí∫ç †’ç* ûÌ©-Tç-îª-úøç).

M.SURESAN


I alone can do it I alone can do it


-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 26 --ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

D. Umapathi, AdilabadQ. Let me know the difference

between 'Surety' and 'Guarantor',

which words being used various

places in finance and banking

sectors. Is there any legal termi-

nology demands to write like

'Guarantor' instead of 'surety'. Please give some

examples with usage.

A. 'Guarantor' is a general term (a non legal

word) which means a person who agrees to

be responsible for somebody's behaviour in

general or accepts the responsibility to see

something happens.

'A 'Surety' is a legal word. It means 1) an

amount of money offered as a promise that

you will repay a debt (on your/ someone

else's behalf), appear in court, etc., 2) a per-

son who takes the responsibility to repay a

debt if the debtor fails to repay the debt,

appear in court on their behalf.

V Madhulalitha, Tadipatri

Q. éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©-†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ N´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’.

Opposition leaders

ûª´’ §ƒKd é¬®Ωu-éπ-®Ωh© îËûªüµ¿®√o îË®·ç-î√®Ω’.

A. The opposition leaders

had a dharna staged

by their party men.

Q. î√™«-´’çC v°æï©’ ®√≠æZç™ ´’ü∆uEo EÊ≠-Cµçî√-©EéÓ®Ω’-ûª’Ø√o®Ω’.

A. A large number of people want a ban on

liquor in the state.

Q. O’®Ω’ úø•’s©’ É≤ƒh-´’çõ‰ ØË†’ ´≤ƒh†’. ™‰ü¿çõ‰®√†’.

A. I won't come unless you pay.

Q. Åûªúø’ ûª† ûªLxE ÇÆæ’-°æ-vA™ îª÷°œ-≤ƒh-†E îÁ°œp,îª÷°œç-îª-™‰ü¿’.

A. He said he would take his mother to hospital

but didn't.

Q. O’®Ω’ Ø√èπ◊ ÉçTx≠ˇ ØËJp-≤ƒh-†E îÁ°œp ØËJpç-îª-™‰ü¿’.

A. You said you would teach me English, but

you didn't.

Q. Â°Rx-èπÿ-ûª’®Ω’ ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’-©†’ éπ†’-èπ◊\E ´÷èπ◊ §∂ÚØ˛îËßª’-´’E ®√VûÓ îÁ§ƒp†’.

A. I told Raju to find out from the brides parents

and phone us.

Q. á´®Ω’, á´-JE éÌö«d®Ω’?

A. Who beat who?

Q. á´®Ω’ Fèπ◊ §∂ÚØ˛ îË≤ƒh-´’E îÁ§ƒp®Ω’?

A. Who told you they would phone you?

Q. ñ«Ø˛ Ø√èπ◊ §∂ÚØ˛ îË≤ƒh-†E îÁ§ƒp®Ω’.

A. John told me he would call me.

Q. á´®Ω’, á´-JE éÌöÀdç-î√®Ω’?

A. Who got whom beaten?

J. Krishna, Rajapuram

Q. åö¸ ≤ÚJqç-í˚èπ◊ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ?

A. àü¿-®·Ø√ ã Â°ü¿l ÆæçÆæn ü∆E-éπ-´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’i† *†o-°æ-†’-©†’ûª´’ ÖüÓu-í∫’©èπ◊ é¬èπ◊çú≈, •ßª’--öÀ¢√-JéÀ Å°æp-Tç-îªúøç,BPO = Business Process Outsourcing =

¢√u§ƒ-®Ωç™ éÌEo v°ævéÀ-ßª’-©†’, •ßª’--öÀ¢√-J-ûÓîË®·ç-îª’-éÓ-´úøç. î√™« telephone éπçÂ°-F©’, ¢√∞¡xG©’x© ûªßª÷-KE, ûªßª÷-È®j† G©’x-©†’, customers

èπ◊ °æç°æ-ú≈Eo, éÌEoéÌEo-îÓôx ¢√öÀE ´Ææ÷©’ îËßª’-ú≈Eo Éûª®Ω ÆæçÆæn©èπ◊ Å°æpT-Ææ’hç-ö«®·– ÉC BPO.

Å™«Íí Â°ü¿l, Â°ü¿l é¬®Ω’x ûªßª÷-®Ω’-îËÊÆ ÆæçÆæn©’, ¢√öÀ-é¬\-¢√-Lq† horns, screws, nuts, head lamps

™«çöÀ ¢√öÀE *†o •ßª’öÀ company ©ûÓîË®·ç-îª’-éÓ-´úøç èπÿú≈ BPO.

Q. Â°∂N’-EÆˇd, °∂æ’Æˇd È®jô®˝– OöÀéÀ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®ΩnçàN’öÀ?

A. Feminist = Æ‘Y© £æ«èπ◊\-©èπ◊ ´’ü¿lA*a, §Ú®√-úË-¢√®Ω’.Ghost Writer = ÉçéÌ-éπ-JéÀ àü¿-®·Ø√ ®√Æœ Â°õ‰d-¢√®Ω’(¢√u≤ƒ©’, ví∫çü∑∆©’ ™«çöÀN)

Q. O’ Å†o-ü¿-´·t™x †’´¤y áØÓo-¢√-úÕN? ÅE ÉçTx-≠ˇ™á™« Åúø-í¬L?

A. DEéÀ English ™ ÆæÈ®j† ´÷ô-™‰x´¤.Q. 'É™«í∫®·ûË á™«?—, 'éπ©-é¬©ç ´Jn©’x—. Ñ ¢√é¬u-©-†’

ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ á™« îÁ§ƒpL?A. 'If this is so, how can we get on?'

'May you live long with all prosperity.'

Q. That's why wife treats husband like toxicwaste - Å®Ωnç ûÁ©’-í∫’™ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.

A. Åçü¿’-éπØË ¶µ«®Ωu ¶µº®Ωh†’, N≠æ-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† ú®Ωn °æü∆-®Ωnçí¬îª÷Ææ’hçC.

Q. All that you can afford ..

A. †’´¤y éÌ†-í∫-L-Tç-ü¿™«x- All that you can afford isjust a cycle = †’-´¤y éÌ†-í∫-L-Tç-ü¿™«x äéπ ÂÆjéÀ-™¸-´÷-vûª¢Ë’.

Q. áØ˛-ÂÆj-éÓx-°‘-úÕßª÷ Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ?A. Encyclopedia = Nñ«c†

Ææ®ΩyÆæyç. ´’†èπ◊ é¬¢√Lq† àN≠æßª’ç í∫’Jç-îª-®·Ø√ ûÁLßª’-ñ‰ßª’í∫© °æ¤Ææhéπç.

Naga Srinivasa, Chirala.

Q. éÀçC Phrasal verbs èπ◊ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ ÆæÈ®j†Å®√n-©†’ ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.

Accord with, Account for, Account,

Ace out, Ache for, Act out, Act up,

Add up, Add upto, Agree with, Aim

at, Allow of, Allude to, Amount to,

Angle for, Announce against, Announce for,

Answer for, Answer to, Ante up, Arrive at,

Arse about/ around, Ascribe to, Ask after, Ask

around, Ask for, Ask in, Ask out, Ask over/

round, Aspire to.

Accord with = ÆæJ-§Ú-´úøç. The government's

actions are not in accord with their policies =

v°æ¶µº’ûªy îª®Ωu©’ ü∆E Nüµ∆-Ø√-©èπ◊ ÆæJ-§Ú- úøç ™‰ü¿’/¢√J Nüµ∆-Ø√-©èπ◊, îª®Ωu-©èπ◊ §Òçûª-†-™‰ü¿’. §Òçûª-†-™‰ü¿’ÅØË-ü∆-Eo áèπ◊\´í¬- not ûÓ ¢√úøû√ç.

Account for = 1) é¬®Ωù-´’´úøç/ N´-Jç-îªúøç.

The traffic jam accounts for the delay of my

arrival = Traffic jam é¬®Ωùç´©x Ø√ ®√éπ Ç©ÆæuçÅ®·çC.

2) äéπ ¢Á·ûªhç/ Ææçêu Å´úøç: Andhras account

for 50% of the pilgrims to Sabarimala = ¨¡•-J-´’© ßª÷vA-èπ◊™x 50 ¨»ûªç Ççvüµ¿’™‰.

Ace out = defeat = ãúÕç-îªúøç. The Indian team

aced out Australia in the last test match = í∫ûªtest match ™ ¶µ«®Ωûª -ïô’d ÇÊÆZ-L-ßª÷†’ ãúÕç-*çC.

Ache for= áèπ◊\-´í¬ éÓ®Ω’-éÓ-´úøç/ ûª°œçîªúøç.

The child is aching for a mother's love =

ûªLx vÊ°´’-éÓÆæç ûª°œç-*-§Ú-ûÓçC.

Act out = ã Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo, éπü∑¿†’ †ô-†™ îª÷°æúøç-

The teacher made the students act out the

lesson on Ekalavya- àéπ-©-ú O’-C §ƒ®∏√Eoteacher °œ©x©ûÓ †öÀç-°æ-ñ‰-ÆœçC.

Act up = 1) (ßª’çvû√©’/ Å -ßª’-¢√©’) °æE-îË-ßª’-éπ-§Ú-´úøç. As Kumble's shoulders acted up, he

missed the last test = èπ◊ç¶‰x ¶µº’ïç ÆæJí¬ °æE-îË-ßª’-éπ-§Ú-´úøçûÓ í∫ûª test Çúø-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ßª÷úø’.

2) °œ©x-™«xçöÀ¢√∞¡Ÿx ÅAí¬ v°æ´-Jhç-îªúøç. The

teacher made the boy stand as he acted up

= ÅAí¬ v°æ´-Jhç-îª-úøç ´©x teacher ÅûªúÕE E©-¶„-ö«dúø’. Don't act up. you may face trouble =

ÅAí¬ v°æ´-Jhç-îªèπ◊. *èπ◊\™x °æúø-í∫-©´¤.

Add up = Â°®Ω-í∫úøç.The amount hesaved added uptoRs. 10,000/- = ûª†’ü∆îª’-èπ◊†o ¢Á·ûªhç 10¢Ë©-ü∆é¬ Â°J-TçC.

Add up to = ÆæÈ®j†é¬®Ω-ù-´’-´úøç. He has-n't attended classes for a week. What does itadd up to?. He doesn't like studies= ¢√®Ωçí¬Åûªúø’ classes èπ◊ ®√´úøç™‰ü¿’. é¬®Ωùç ûÁ©’-Ææ÷hØËÖçC éπü∆? Åûª-úÕéÀ îªü¿’´¤ É≠ædç ™‰ü¿’.

Agree with = àéÃ-¶µº-Nç-îªúøç. He doesn't agreewith his father in the matter of dowry = éπôoçN≠æ-ßª’ç™ Åûªúø’ ûª† ûªçvúÕûÓ àéÃ-¶µº-Nç-îª-úøç ™‰ü¿’.

Aim at = ©éπ~uçí¬ Â°ô’d-éÓ-´úøç. Both Lalu andMayavathi are aiming at PM's office = ™«©÷,´÷ßª÷-´B Éü¿l®Ω÷ PM °æü¿-NE ©éπ~uçí¬ Â°ô’d-èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’.

Allow for = °æJ-í∫-ù-†-™éÀ BÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç. It shouldn'tcost more than Rs.20000/-even after allowing for therecent rise in prices = üµ¿®Ω©Â°®Ω’-í∫’-ü¿© °æJ-í∫ù†™éÀ BÆæ’èπ◊Ø√o

ü∆E üµ¿®Ω 20000 ®Ω÷§ƒ-ßª’-©èπ◊ N’ç-îªü¿’. Allow of = Ææ’≤ƒüµ¿uç îËßª’úøç. The

delay in the release of booksallows of only one reason- thegovernment wants to help blackmarketeers. = §ƒ®∏Ωu°æ¤Ææh-é¬© Núø’-ü¿-©™ ñ«§ƒu-EéÀ äéπ é¬®Ω-ù¢Ë’ ≤ƒüµ¿uç–v°æ¶µº’ûªyç black market ¢√∞¡xèπ◊≤ƒ-ßª’°æ-ú≈-©-†’éÓ-´-úøç.

Allude to = °æ®Ó-éπ~çí¬ v°æ≤ƒh-Nç-îªúøç. The ministerin his speech alluded to the past govern-ment's failures = ûª† v°æÆæç-í∫ç™ ´’çvAí∫ûª v°æ¶µº’ûªy ¢Áj°∂æ-™«u-©†’ í∫’Jç* v°æ≤ƒh-Nç-î√®Ω’(°æ®Ó-éπ~çí¬).

Amount to = 1) éÌçûª ¢Á·ûªhç Å´úøç. The fares

to the place and back amount to a thousand

rupees = Åéπ\-úÕéÀ ¢ÁRx AJ-íÌ-îËaç-ü¿’èπ◊ 1000®Ω÷§ƒßª’©’ Å´¤ûª’çC.

2) äéπü∆EéÀçü¿ ™„éπ\-´úøç/ äéπü∆EûÓÆæ´÷†´’´úøç your behaviour amounts to

violation of duty = F v°æ -®Ωh† NCµ Ö©xç°∂æ’†éÀçCéÀ ´Ææ’hçC/ ûÓ Ææ´÷†ç.

Angle for = äéπ-ü∆Eo éÓ®Ω’éÓ´úøç (•ßª’-öÀéÀ îÁ°æp-èπ◊çú≈). He is angling for Prime ministership =

ÅûªúÕ ü¿%≠œd v°æüµ∆E °æü¿N O’ü¿ ÖçC.

Announce against = (®√ï-éÃ-ßª÷™x) äéπ ®√ï-éÃßª’Ø√ßª’-èπ◊-úÕ-éÀ-í¬F, §ƒKdéÀí¬F •£œ«-®Ωç-í∫çí¬ úA-Í®-éπûªûÁ©-°æúøç.

The very people who announced against the

party are getting ready to join it now = •£œ«-®Ωç-í∫çí¬ Ç §ƒKdéÀ úA-Í®-éπûª ûÁL-°œ-†-¢√∞¡Ÿx, É°æ¤pú≈§ƒKd™ îËÍ®ç-ü¿’èπ◊ Æœü¿l¥-°æ-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’.

Announce for x Announce against = äéπØ√ßª’-èπ◊-úÕéÀ/ §ƒKdéÀ •£œ«-®Ωç-í∫çí¬ ´’ü¿lûª’ ûÁ©-°æúøç =A number of TDP members have announced

for PRP = TDP Ææ¶µº’u©’ î√™«´’çC PRP èπ◊ •£œ«-®Ωç-í∫çí¬ ´’ü¿lûª’ ûÁL-§ƒ®Ω’.

Answer back = (´·êuçí¬ °œ©x©’) Â°ü¿l-¢√-∞¡xèπ◊•ü¿’©’/ áü¿’®Ω’ îÁ°æpúøç.

The mother told the child not to answer back

= ûª†èπ◊ áü¿’®Ω’-îÁ-§Òp-ü¿lE Gúøf†’ ûªLx í∫ü¿-´÷-®·ç-*çC.

Answer for = 1) Éûª-®Ω’©èπ◊ †´’téπç, Ø√ùuûª(´Ææ’h- ¤© N≠æßª’ç èπÿú≈) í∫’Jç* -¶µº®Ó≤ƒ Éýúøç.

I worked in the company for a year. I cananswer for the quality of their products =Ç company ™ ØË†’ äéπ àú≈C °æE-îË-¨»†’.¢√∞¡x ûªßª÷-K© Ø√ùu-ûªèπ◊ ØË†’ °æ‹< Éý-í∫-©†’.2) Ææçñ«®·≠‘ Éîª’a-éÓ-´úøç= I am doing it on youradvice. You have to answer for the conse-quences = F Ææ©£æ… ¢Ë’®Ωèπ◊ ØËF °æE-îË-Ææ’hØ√o. °∂æL-û√-©èπ◊ FüË ¶«üµ¿uûª/ †’¢Ëy Ææçñ«-®·≠‘ Éîª’a-éÓ-¢√L.

Answer to = ï¢√-•’-ü∆-Kí¬ Öçúøôç. He answersonly to the Managing Director of the company= Ç ÆæçÆæn M.D. Íé Åûªúø’ ï¢√-•’-ü∆K.

Ante up = îÁLxç-îªúøç. If you want a goodEngineering degree you have to ante up atleast 60 to 70 thousand rupees = ´’ç* Éç>-F-Jçí˚ Nü¿u é¬¢√-©çõ‰, éπFÆæç 60 ¢Ë© †’ç* 70 ¢Ë©´®Ωèπÿ îÁLxç-î√Lq Öçô’çC. (up the ante =üË†o®·Ø√ Â°çîªúøç, ´·êuçí¬ üµ¿®Ω-©†’)

Arrive at = äéπ îÓöÀéÀ/äéπ Ææ´’-ßª’ç™ îË®Ωúøç.The train arrived at

Hyderabad at 12

noon.

Arse about = (ÉC-é¬Ææh •÷ûª’ ´÷ô) = Â°ü¿l©,íı®Ω-´--F-ßª·-© Ææ´’-éπ~ç™ ¢√úø-èπÿ-úø-EC – v§ƒ´·-êuç-™‰E N≠æ-ßª÷-©ûÓ Ææ´’ßª’ç ´%-ü∑∆ îËßª’úøç.

He arses about talking about films.

Ascribe to = äéπ-JéÀ äéπ í∫’ùç (´·êuçí¬ îÁúø’í∫’ùç) Öçü¿E îÁ°æpúøç/ ™‰E í∫’ù«©’ Åçô-í∫-ôdúøç.Don't ascribe selfishness to me = Ø√èπ◊ ≤ƒy®ΩnçÅçô-í∫-ôdèπ◊.

Ask after = äéπJ ßÁ÷í∫-Íé~-´÷©’ Nî√-Jç-îªúøç. He

asked after you = F èπ◊¨¡©ç í∫’Jç* ÅúÕ-í¬úø’Åûªúø’.

Ask around = üËEo í∫’Jç-îª-®·Ø√ ¢√éπ-•’-îË-ßª’úøç/Nî√-Jç-îªúøç.

I asked around at office if anybody could help

me/ I asked around for any vacant house =

á´®Ω®·Ø√ Ø√èπ◊ Ææ£æ…ßª’ç îËßª’-í∫-©-Í®-¢Á÷-†E Nî√-Jç-î√†’/ àü¿-®·Ø√ É©’x ë«Sí¬ ÖçüË-¢Á÷-†E ¢√éπ•’îË »†’.

Ask for = á´-J-éÓ-Ææ-¢Á’iØ√ Åúø-í∫úøç. The boss was

asking for you after you had left office = †’´¤yÇ°∂‘Æˇ ĆL ¢ÁRx† ûª®√yûª boss E†’o í∫’Jç*/ FéÓÆæç ÅúÕ-í¬úø’.

Ask in = Ç£æ…y-Eç-îªúøç ´’† ÉçöxéÀ. When I saw

him standing in the sun, I asked him in =

Åûªúø’ áçúø™ E©--•úÕ Öçúøôç îª÷Æœ, ÅûªúÕE ØË†’ÉçöxéÀ °œ-L--î√†’/ Ç£æ…y-Eç-î√†’.

Ask out = ´’†ç ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’†o/ ¢Á∞«l- ’-†’-èπ◊†o îÓöÀéÀÉûª®Ω’©†’ Ç£æ…yEç-îªúøç.

He asked his girl freind out to a movie. = -ûª-†girl freind -†’ Æœ-E-´÷èπ◊ Ç£æ…yEç--î√-úø’.

Ask over = á´J†-®·Ø√ ÉçöÀéÀ Ç£æ…yEç-îªúøç.

I've asked them over for Deepavali = ¢√∞¡x†’D§ƒ- -RéÀ ´÷ ÉçöÀéÀ Ç£æ…yEç-î√†’= ask around.

Aspire to = ≤ƒCµç-î√-©ØË Çé¬çéπ~ Öçúøôç. He is

aspiring to be the next CM- ûª®√yA CM í¬Öçú≈-©E Åûªúø’ Çé¬çéÀ~-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’.

Gandhi never aspired to any position or

power = à °æü¿- ¤-©†’, ÅCµ-é¬-®√Eo í¬çDµ á†oúø÷Çé¬ç-éÀ~ç-îª-™‰ü¿’.

M.SURESAN


I've asked them over for Deepavali I've asked them over for Deepavali


-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 28 --ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

K. Rama Rao, Poluru.Q. Your brother who rides a

motor-cycle does not use ahelmet. Advise him to use ahelmet. DEéÀ Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç Itwould be better for you, usinga helmet. ÉC éπÈ®é˙d Å´¤-ûª’çü∆?™‰ü∆ Éçé¬ à´’-®·Ø√ Öçõ‰îÁ°æpçúÕ.

A. It'll be better for you to wear a helmet/It's better for you to wear a helmet/You had better wear a helmet (ÉC ÅEoç-öÀ™best).

Q. How do you do? DEéÀ Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç How do youdo? Å´¤-ûª’çü∆? ¢ËÍ® à´’-®·Ø√ Öçü∆?

A. ÅçûË, How do you do? Å†úø¢Ë’How do you do ´·çü¿’, thank you îË®Ωa-´îª’a.

Q. How are you? ÅØË-ü∆-EéÀ I am fine Ææ´÷-üµ∆†çÅ´¤-ûª’çü∆? é¬ü∆?

A. Thank You, I am fine. How are you, ÆæÈ®j†response.

Q. Return these books to the library ÅØËC éÀçC¢√öÀ™ à´’- ¤-ûª’çC?a) Making a request

b) Offering a suggestion

c) Giving an order

d) Making a statement

A. Return the books to thelibrary - ÉC request/suggestion/ order Å´¤-ûª’çü∆ ÅØËC ÅC îÁÊ°p-¢√∞¡x éπç®∏Ω-üµ¿y-EE •öÀdÖçô’çC. é¬Ææh í∫öÀdí¬ îÁGûË order. éÌçîÁç *´J´÷ô†’ áèπ◊\´ üµ¿yEûÓ Åçõ‰ suggestion.Please îË®Ωa-éπ-§Ú-®·Ø√ Ç üµ¿yEûÓ Åçõ‰ request,statement ´÷vûªç é¬ü¿’.

Irfan, Nandyal.Q. á´-J-ûÓ-ØÁjØ√ ®√vA 9.00 í∫çô-©èπ◊ éπLÊÆh à´’E N≠ˇ

îËßª÷L?either good evening, or good night.

A. Good evening Åçö«ç. ®√vA-°æ‹ô Åçû√ ´÷ö«xúÕNúÕ-§Ú-ßË’-ô-°æ¤púø’, Evü¿-§ÚßË’ ´·çü¿’ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ goodnight ÅØ√L.

Q. éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ á™« îÁ§ƒpL?ØË†’ Í®°æ¤ É©’x ë«S îËÆæ’hØ√o†’.

A. I am vacating tomorrow.

Q. ØË†’ F∞¡Ÿx °æö«dL. GçüÁ áéπ\úø ÖçC?A. I have to draw/ collect water where’s the ves-

sel? (GçüÁèπ◊ ÆæÈ®j† ´÷ô english™ ™‰ü¿’.)Q. Vote of thanks Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? á™« îÁ§ƒpL? A. Vote of thanks Åçõ‰ Ææ-¶µº -*- ®Óx ´·êu ÅA-ü∑¿’--©èπ◊,

Éûª®Ω Ç£æ›-ûª’-©èπ◊, Ææ¶µº ≤ƒ°∂‘í¬ †úÕ-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊ Ææ£æ«-éπ-Jç-*† Åçü¿-JéÃ, éπ%ûª-ïc-ûª©’ ûÁL-ßª’-ñ‰-ßª’úøç.¢Á·ü¿ô, Chief guest (´·êu ÅAC∑)/ President/

Chairman (Åüµ¿u-èπ~◊©’)/ Guests of honour(íı®Ω´ ÅA-ü∑¿’-©èπ◊) Thanks îÁ•’û√ç.

It’s my privilege now/ I have the privilegenow to propose a/ the vote of thanks.

First of all, on behalf of (ûª®Ω-°æ¤†) TheAssociation (Ææ¶µº†’ E®Ωy-£œ«ç-îË-¢√®Ω’), and onmy (own) behalf, I’d like to thank Sri/ Smt...for her presence here on this occasion.Inspite of his/ her busy schedule, but shehas accepted our invitation and be here,and thanks to him/ her once again for his/her valuable message (ÆæçüË¨¡ç).Next, our thanks go to Sri/ Smt.... for...

We like to thank also Sri.../ Smt...

Smt/ Sri... next deserve our thanks for...

We thank also those who decorates thestage, etc.,

Finally we thank all those who are presenthere for their valuable presence.

ÉC †´‚Ø√ ´÷vûª¢Ë’. ´’† Ü£æ«, ¶µ«≥ƒ ñ«cØ√Eo•öÀd Éçé¬ ¶«í¬ îÁ°æp- îª’a.

M. Aakamsha, Hyderabad.Q. Should have been, Could have been É™«çöÀ

be forms èπ◊ Question tags á™« BÆæ’-èπ◊E®√ßª÷L? (should or have).

A. Should have been, could have been èπ◊Question tags, should, couldûÓØË form îË≤ƒhç.He should have been here by now, shouldn’the?

She could have been a collector, couldn’tshe?

Q. Split infinitives èπ◊ Å®Ωnç á™« ´Ææ’hçüÓ Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓ N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.

A. Infinitive Åçõ‰, to + 1st RDW (Regular DoingWord) - to go, to come, to sing, etc.Ñ infinitive ¢√úË-ô-°æ¤púø’, to èπ◊, 1st RDW -©èπÿ -´’üµ¿u à ´÷ö« ¢√úø-èπÿ-úø-ü¿E rule.

I request you to kindly help me.Ñ sentence ™ to help infinitive. To, help - ©èπ◊´’üµ¿u kindly ®√´úøç ´©x- -- -to kindly help, split infinitive. (Infinitive †’ Núø-D-ßª’úøç). I request you tohelp me kindly Å†™‰ç. áçü¿’-éπçõ‰ (kindly (ü¿ßª’ûÓ) meûª®√yûª ´Ææ’hçC é¬•öÀd. Å™«®√´úøç ´©x help ÅØË-ü∆-EéÀ

Kindly ü¿÷®Ω¢Á’i Å®Ωnç ÆæJí¬ ®√éπ-§Ú-´-îªaE.Åçü¿’-éπE éÌçü¿®Ω’ to kindly help Å†úøçÉ≠æd-°æ-úø-û√®Ω’. Grammar v°æé¬®Ωç É™« ®√ßª’úøç ûª°æ¤p.

Å®·ûË É°æ¤púø’ É™« Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-îªúøç ¢√úø’Èéj§Ú®·çC.

ÉçéÓ N≠æßª’ç request Å†-úøç-™ØËü¿ßª’ûÓ ÅØË ¶µ«´ç ´Ææ’hçC é¬•öÀd request¢√úÕûË Kindly ¢√úø†´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’.

I request you to help me î√©’. He told meto slowly drive the car. Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ to slowly drive,split infinitive- ûªÊ°p. He told me to drive the carslowly, better. Split infintive Å®·Ø√ split îËßª’Einfinitive Å®·Ø√ Å®Ωnç ´÷®Ωü¿’.Q. Vocabulary Â°çîª’-éÓ-´-ú≈-EéÀ à¢ÁjØ√ °æü¿l¥-ûª’-©’çõ‰

ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’?A. áçûª English îªC-NûË, Åçûª Vocabulary Â°çîª’-

éÓ-´îª’a. Vocabulary O’ü¿ °æ¤Ææh-é¬©’ èπÿú≈ î√™«ÖØ√o®·.

Q. ÅçûË-éπü∆?-Å-†-ú≈-EéÀ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ-™ -à-´’-Ø√-L? A. Isn’t it so?

Q. 'Å™«ç-ô-°æ¤púø’— -†’ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ-™ -à-´’ç-ö«®Ω’? A. Then/ in such a case

Q. 'á™«íÓ™«— -Å-E -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ-™ -á-™« -îÁ-§ƒp-L?A. Somehow or the other.

Q. Can èπ◊ able to èπ◊ ¶µ‰ü¿ç èπ◊x°æhçí¬ îÁ°æpçúÕ.A. Can = îËßª’-í∫-LT Öçúøôç – ÉC ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç

îËÆæ÷h ÖçúÌîª’a, ™‰éπ-§Ú-´îª’a. Able to = îËßª’-í∫-LT, îËÆæ’h-Ø√o†’.I can play cricket = ØË†’ cricket Çúø-í∫-©†’. (Ñ ¢√éπuç™ Çúøôç ïJ-Tçü∆ ™‰ü∆ ûÁL-ßª’ü¿’)I am able to cricket = É°æ¤púø’ ØË†’ cricket Çúø-í∫-©’-í∫’-ûª’-Ø√o†’. Çúø’-ûª’-Ø√o†’ èπÿú≈. Å®·ûË È®çúÕç-öÀéÃ Åçûª ûËú≈ ™‰ü¿’.

K. Chandu, Sirisilla.Q. éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©†’ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.

They shall have done it;

A. They shall have done it = ¶µºN≠æuûª’h™ äéπtime ™°æ© ¢√∞¡xC îËÆœ Öçú≈L.They shall have finished the work by the timeI return = ØË†’ AJ-íÌîËa ÆæJéÀ ¢√∞¡Ÿx °æE °æ‹Jh-îËÆœÖçú≈L.

Q. They should have done it.

A. They should havedone it = ¢√∞¡xC îËÆœÖçú≈LqçC (é¬E îËßª’-™‰ü¿’)

Q. They will have doneit; they would havedone it.

A. They will have doneit = Future ™ äéπ timeèπ◊ îËÊÆÆœ Öçö«®Ω’.They would have done it = ¢√∞¡xC îËÊÆ ¢√∞Ïx(é¬F îËßª’-™‰ü¿’)

Q. They can have done it; they could have doneit.

A. They can have done it = (É°æ¤púø’) îËßª’í∫LTÖçö«®Ω’/ Å®·-§Ú-ßª·ç-úÌîª’a – ÉC áèπ◊\´ ¢√úøç.They could have done it = ¢√∞¡xC îËßª’-í∫-L-Íí-¢√∞Ïxé¬F îËßª’-™‰ü¿’.

Q. They may have done it; they might havedone it.

A. They may have done it =îËÊÆÆœ ÖçúÌîª’a.They mighthave done it = ¢√∞¡xC îËÆœÖçúÌîª’a.

Q. They must have done it;

A. They must have done it = îËÆœÖçú≈L ¢√∞¡Ÿx, Å®·-§Ú®· Öçô’ç-ü¿ØËÅ®ΩnçûÓ.They must have passed theexam = Exam pass ÅßË’u Öçú≈L.Otherwise they wouldn’t have gotthe job = ™‰éπ§ÚûË ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ job ´îËaCé¬ü¿’ (´*açC)

Q. They need have done it; they ought havedone it; they seem have done it.

Ééπ\úø dare, need, seem, ought © ûª®√yûª to´Ææ’hçC éπü∆. Åçü¿’- ©x OöÀE to ûÓ á™« Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√™ îÁ°æpçúÕ.

They ought to have done it = ¢√∞¡xC (ûª´’üµ¿®Ωtçí¬ / ØÁjAéπ ¶«üµ¿u-ûªí¬) îËßª÷-LqçC, é¬F îËßª’-™‰ü¿’.

Q. They dare have done it. -N-´-Jç-îªç-úÕ.A. Dare èπ◊ È®çúø®√n-©’-Ø√o®·–

1) Ææ¢√©’ îËßª’úøç 2) áçûª üµÁj®Ωuç? ÅØË ¶µ«´ç.Ææ¢√©’ îËßª’úøç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓØË dare to ´Ææ’hçC. He dared me to a fight = †-†’o -Å-ûª-úø’ §Úö«x-ôèπ◊Ææ¢√©’ îË¨»úø’.Dare = ≤ƒ£æ«-Æœç-îªúøç/ áçûª üµÁj®Ωuç ÅE ques-tion™ Ç üµÁj®Ωuç-™‰ü¿’, ÅE negative™ ¢√úøû√ç.Ééπ\úø to ®√ü¿’.How dare you do that? = ÅC îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ áçûªüµÁj®Ωuç Fèπ◊?He dare not face her = Ç¢Á’†’ áü¿’-®Ì\ØË üµÁj®ΩuçÅûªúÕéÀ ™‰ü¿’.Need †’ È®çúø’ ®Ωé¬-©’í¬ ¢√úøû√ç – 1) Main verb í¬ I need your help = F

Ææ£æ…ßª’ç Ø√éπ-´-Ææ®Ωç she doesn’t need anymore money = Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ÉçÍéO’ úø•’s Å´Ææ®Ωç™‰ü¿’.

2) Need as a helping verb - ÉC áèπ◊\-´í¬question ûÓ†÷, ™‰ü∆ not ûÓ†÷ ¢√úøû√ç.You need not pay now = †’Ny-°æ¤púø’ îÁLxç-îª-†-´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’.Need ¢√úø-éπç™ British, American English -© - ’-üµ¿u ûËú≈ ÖçC. American English ™ need †’ helpingverb í¬ ¢√úøôç î√™« Å®Ω’ü¿’.a) British English™ You need not go

(need - helping verb) =

American English:

You don’t need to go (need - main verb)

b) British English: Need they go now?

(need - helping verb) =

American English:

Do they need to go now?

Need N≠æ-ßª’ç™ British Englishèπ◊, AmericanEnglishèπ◊ Å®Ωnç™ èπÿú≈ ûËú≈ ÖçC. British English™ needèπ◊ Å®Ωnç, have to/ mustÅE ´Ææ’hçC. Å®·ûË áèπ◊\-´í¬ question™/notûÓ ´Ææ’hçC.Need I see the officer now?

a) British English:

ØËE-°æ¤púø’ officer †’ îª÷ú≈™«? (must/ have Ito see the officer?)

Do I need to see the officer now?American English: ØËE-°æ¤púø’ officer †’ îª÷ÊÆ

Å´-Ææ®Ωç Öçü∆?b) He need not have

gone there - British

English: ¢√úø-éπ\-úÕéÀ ¢Á∞«x-Lq†N≠æßª’ç é¬ü¿’. (é¬F ¢Á∞«xúø’) – ¢Á∞¡x-èπ◊çú≈

Öçú≈LqçC.He didn’t need to go there - American English¢Á∞Ïx Å´-Ææ-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’ (¢Á∞¡Ÿxç-úÌîª’a/ ¢Á∞¡x-éπ-§Ú-ßª·ç-úÌîª’a)í∫’®Ω’hç-îª’-éÓ-¢√-LqçC– American English™ needáèπ◊\-´í¬ main verb; DE ûª®√yûª Â°j† ûÁL-°œ-†ô’x‘to’ ´Ææ÷hç-ô’çC.Seem Åçõ‰ Å™« éπE-°œ-≤ÚhçC/ éπ†-°æ-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’ÅE éπü∆: seems ûª®√yûª to be/ to + 1st RDW(do, go, take etc.,)/ to have + past participle(pp) ´≤ƒh®·.a) He seems to be a good fellow = Åûªúø’

´’ç*-¢√-úø’í¬ éπE-°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’.b) He seems to like it = ü∆EE Åûªúø’ É≠æd-°æ-úø’-ûª’-

†oô’x éπE-°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’.c) He seems to have gone home = Åûªúø’

ÉçöÀéÀ ¢ÁRx§Ú-®·-†-ô’dçC.Ought to - äéπ °æEE ØÁjAéπ ¶«üµ¿u-ûªí¬ îËßª’úøç(must - Çïc/ Å´-Ææ®Ωç)He ought to take care of his children = ûª† °œ©x-©†’ í∫’Jç* Åûªúø’ v¨¡ü¿l¥ BÆæ’-éÓ-¢√L (üµ¿®Ωtç, ØÁjAéπ¶«üµ¿uûª)You ought to have given him some respect;after all he is much older than you = Åûª-úÕéÀ†’´¤y ´’®√uü¿ É¢√y-LqçC; àüË-´’-®·Ø√ Åûªúø’Féπçõ‰ î√™« Â°ü¿l éπü∆?

K. Krishnaiah, Rajampeta.Q. -Å-ûª-úË éπü∆ E†o ´*açC? is not he who came

yesterday? ÉC éπÈ®-ÍédØ√?A. Is he not the one/ Isn’t he the one who came

yesterday?

Q. He is a man who came yesterday.

This is he (man) who came yesterday.

OöÀ™ àC éπÈ®èπ◊d? ™‰ü∆ ÆæÈ®j† --¢√éπuç -ûÁ-©’°æç-úÕ.A. This is the man (one) who came yesterday.

Q. éÀçC¢√öÀE ÉçTx-≠ˇ-™éÀ ´÷®ΩaçúÕ.– F ®Ω’ùç ØË†’ B®Ω’a-èπ◊ç-ö«†’.– Â°Rx™ ¢√úË ÅéÀ~ç-ûª©’

A. I am ever indebted to you/ I can’t repay yourdebt.

Termeric coated rice ÅØÌîª’a, é¬F, English ™ÆæÈ®j† ´÷ô-™‰ü¿’.

M.SURESAN


How darHow dare you do that?e you do that?


í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 30 --ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

K. Krishnaiah, Rajampeta.Q. á™« §Ú¢√-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o´¤?

How do you planning to go.

How do you thinking to go.

È®çúø÷ éπÈ®-ÍédØ√?

A. È®çúÕç-öÀ-™ àD correct é¬ü¿’.How do you planning...? Ñ O’

sentence ™, verb ™‰ü¿’ éπü∆? O’®Ω’ How are you

planning to go? ÅØ√L, ™‰ü∆ How do you plan to

go? ÅØ√L. Do... planning, ¢Ë’ç ûÁL-°œ† Ç®Ω’forms of verbs ™ ™‰ü¿’ éπü∆: Ç six forms of verbs

ÉN:

1) Be forms (am, is, are, was, were, 'be', 'been'

*´®Ω ´îËaN.)

2) Be forms + .. ing form (am going, has been

singing, etc)

3) Be form + past participle (Passive voice) (am

seen, was done, should be taken, etc.)

4) Have, has, had, shall have, should have ...

etc + past participle (Have seen, has gone,

should have known, etc.)

5) Doing words: 1) Ist regular doing words (go,

come, sing, walk, etc.)

2) IInd Regular doing

words (goes, comes,

sings, walks, etc) and

3) went, gave, sang

etc.,.) and

6) Shall/ should/ will/ would/ can/ could etc + Ist

RDW (shall take, will give, can take, should

give, etc). Ñ 6 forms™ àüÓ äéπöÀ ™‰èπ◊çú≈sentence Öçúøü¿’. O’ sentence How do you

planning to go? Ñ group of words ™, Â°j† ûÁL-°œ† 6 forms ™ àD ™‰ü¿’ éπü∆? Åçü¿’-éπE O’®Ω’®√ÆœçC sentence é¬ü¿’. How do you plan/ How

are you planning? Öçú≈L. Å™«Íí How do you

thinking to go? Éçü¿’™ èπÿú≈, verb ™‰ü¿’. How

do you think of going? ÅØ√L.

G. Viajayakumar, Anantapur.

Q. éÀçC ¢√é¬u©’ éπÈ®-ÍédØ√ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.

The box is very heavy for me to lift.

A. The box is too heavy for me to lift Å†úøçéπÈ®é˙d. Very heavy for me to lift Å†ç. Veryheavy and I can't lift it Å†-´îª’a.

Q. The film is too good.

A. DEéÀ N´-®Ωçí¬ ÉçÍé-ü¿Ø√o îËJÊÆh correct í¬Öçô’çC. The film is good èπÿú≈ correct,Å®·ûË Å™« Å†o Ææçü¿®Ωs¥ç ûÁL-ßª÷L.

The film is too good; I don't want to miss it.(ØË†’ ´ü¿’-©’-éÓ-™‰-†çûª ¶«í∫’çü∆ ÆœE´÷)/ The filmis too good for me to miss ØË†’ ´ü¿’-©’-éÓ-™‰-†çûª¶«í∫’ç-ü¿E Åçö«ç.

Q. It was too hot yesterday.

A. Correct. ´’†ç à°æF îËßª’-™‰-†çûª áçúøí¬ ÖçCÅØË ¶µ«´çûÓ. Too á°æ¤púø÷ é¬Ææh negative senseÉÆæ’hçC.

Q. He is bad dressed.

A. He is badly dressed Å†úøç correct.

Q. He married lately in life.

A. Lately Åçõ‰ Ñ ´’üµ¿u ÅE Å®Ωnç, Ç©-Ææuçí¬ ÅEé¬ü¿’. Late Åçõ‰ Ç©-Ææuçí¬ ÅE. He married latein his life Å†úøç correct.

Q. He is very stronger than I.

A. He is much stronger than I - correct. Verystronger ûª°æ¤p-é¬ü¿’, é¬-F ¢√úø’éπ é¬ü¿’.

Q. The three sisters quarrelling with each other.

A. The three sisters quarrelling with each other- ÉC sentence é¬ü¿’, verb ™‰ü¿’ é¬•öÀd. Are/were/ will be etc. quarrelling Åç-õ‰ verb (beform + ing form) Ö†oô’x; Å°æ¤púø’ sentence cor-rect Å´¤-ûª’çC.-

N.V.Krishna Rao, Hyderabad.

Q. éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ îÁ°æpçúÕ.

ØË†’ E†o Ü®Ω’ ¢Á∞«x†’.

A. I was out of town yesterday. (à Ü®Ω’ ¢ÁRxçDîÁ°æp-†-°æ¤púø’)

à ÜÈ®jØ√ ¢ÁRx AJT ´*a† ûª®√yûª, Ç Ü®Ω’(Hyerabad Å†’-èπ◊çü∆ç) ¢Á∞«x†’ / ¢ÁRx-´-î√a†’

ÅE îÁ°æpúøç.

I had been to Hyderabad (yesterday).

Q. ØË†’ Ü®Ω’ ¢Á∞«x†’.

A. I went to (ÜJ Ê°®Ω’)

Q. ØË†’ Ü®Ω’ ¢Á∞¡-û√†’ Í®°æ¤.

A. I am leaving for/ going to/ I will leave for/ will

go to (ÜJ Ê°®Ω’) – ÜJ-Ê°®Ω’ îÁ°æp-†-°æ¤púø’ – I will

be out of town/ I won't be in town tomorrow.

Q. ØË†’ Ü®Ω’ ¢Á∞¡x-í∫-©Ø√?

A. Can I go?

Q. ØË†’ Ü®Ω’ ¢ÁRx ®√í∫-©Ø√?

A. Can I go to ... and return?

Q. °æ†’© ´AhúÕ ´©x ØË†’ Ü®Ω’(Åéπ\-úøèπ◊) ¢Á∞¡x-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ßª÷†’.

A. Because of pressure of work I

couldn't / I am unable to leave town/

go to (ÜJ Ê°®Ω’)

Q. ÇJnéπ É•sç-ü¿’© ´©x ØË†’ éπ©-¢√-Lq†´uéÀhE éπ©-´-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ßª÷†’.

A. Money problems kept me from

meeting the person I had to meet / I

couldn't meet the person I had to meet,

because of money problems.

S.Ramulu, Hyderabad.

Q. éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ á™« îÁ§ƒpL?

''Fèπ◊ Åçûª Æ‘Ø˛ ™‰ü¿’.——

''ØË†’ Fèπ◊ †î√aØ√?——

A. You don't measure up to that.

Do you like me?

P.Siva Rao, Yellandu.

Q. Kindly explain the difference between bathand bathe

Can I say... I am bathing. Please wait.

A. Both has two meanings in British English -

1) As a noun, and

2) As a verb.

I have a bath every morning = I bath everymorning. I am bathing is correct.

I bath every morning (British English)

I bathe every morning (American English)

In any case I have a bath/ I take a bath ismore common than I bath / I bathe.

Q. What is the difference between a sentenceand a clause.

A. A sentence is a group of words with a com-plete meaning. (To have the complete mean-ing, the group should have a verb in it.)

A clause is a group of words with a verb. eg:If he comes here; Because he sang well;Whenever I go there.

Even a sentence is a clause because it isalso a group of words with a verb.

Q. What is the difference between a phrase andan idiom.

A. A phrase is a group

of words without a

verb. eg: In case of

doubt; on the occa-

sion of his mar-

riage, etc.

An idiom is also agroup of words, butin the case of an idiom, the meaning of theidiom as a whole has no connection with thatof any word in the idiom.

eg: The long and short of. This is an idiom.

The expression means the most important

facts about a situation (without all the

details)/ the summary of a writing/ a speech.

The long and short of his speech is that he is

correct and that the others are wrong = The

summary of his speech is he is right and

others are wrong. So you see that the words

'long' and 'short' have no connection with the

most important details/ sum-

mary. Such an expression is

an idiom.

G. Shankar, Shankarapatnam.Q. O’®Ω’ äéπ-îÓô The student admit-

ted to having taken drugs ÅE®√-¨»®Ω’. Éçü¿’™ having ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’çC,taken Åü¿†ç éπü∆. ûÁL-ßª’-ñ‰-ßª’-í∫-©®Ω’. û√í∫-ú≈-EéÀ, A†-ú≈-EéÀ having

¢√úøû√ç éπü∆ Å™«Íí Ñ ¢√éπuç™having î√©’ éπü∆.

A. Admitted to having drugs = Drugs éπLT Ö†oô’xä°æ¤p-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’. Admitted to having taken drugs =

Drugs BÆæ’-èπ◊-†oô’x (°æ¤îª’a-èπ◊-†oô’x) ä°æ¤p-èπ◊-†oô’x.Having taken ™ having, helping verb éπü∆having done, having seen ™-™«, have °æ¤îª’a-éÓ-´úøç Å-ØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√ú≈-©çõ‰ The student admit-

ted to having had drugs Åçö«ç.

Q. äéπ úÕéπ-†-K™ I am having a one rupee note

ÅE ÖçC. Having †’ (possession) ™ ¢√úø-èπÿ-úøü¿’ éπü∆. I have a one rupee note ûª§ƒp?Having à Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ¢√ú≈™ ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ.

A. I am having a one rupee note ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’, I have

a one rupee note Å†-úø¢Ë’ correct.

Q. 'In order of' à Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ ¢√úø-û√®Ó N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.

A. In the order of: Ç ´®ΩÆæ véπ´’ç™

a) In the order of numbers = Ææçêu© ´®Ω’Æævéπ´’ç™ Students are sitting in the order of

their roll nos. = Nü∆u-®Ω’n©’ ¢√J roll number

véπ´’ç™ èπÿ®Ω’aE ÖØ√o®Ω’.

b) The officers were seated in the order of

their importance = Ç ÅCµ-é¬-®Ω’©’ ûª´’v§ƒ´·êuç véπ´’ç™ ÇÆ‘-†’-©-ßª÷u®Ω’.

Q. Let's sum up Åçõ‰ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®Ωnç ûÁL-ßª’-ñ‰-ßª’-í∫-©®Ω’.

A. Let us sum up = ´’†ç îÁ°æ¤p-èπ◊†o îªJaç-*† N≠æ-ßª÷©’, ÆæçéÀ~-°æhçí¬ Ææp≠ædçí¬ ´’®Ó≤ƒJ îÁ°æ¤p-éÓ-´úøç.

B. Vijaya Raju, Sangareddy.

Q. Love, appear, owe, own, think ™«çöÀ °æü∆-©†’continuous tense ™ áçü¿’èπ◊ ®√ßª’-èπÿ-úøü¿’?

A. Love, appear, owe, own, think ™«çöÀ verbscontinuous tense ™ ®√éπ-§Ú-´úøç English¶µ«≥ƒüµ¿®Ωtç/ ¢√úø’éπ (usage). English ´÷ûª%-¶µ«-≠æí¬ Ö†o¢√∞¡Ÿx ¢Á·ü¿öÀ †’ç* Ñ verbs †’

continuous tense ™ ¢√úø-éπ-§Ú-´úøç ¢√úø’-éπ-®·-†ç-ü¿’- ©x -Å-C ¶µ«≠æ üµ¿®Ωt-¢Á’içC.

Q. Deal in ÅØË °æü∆Eo '¢√u§ƒ®Ωç îËßª’úøç— ÅØËÅ®Ωnç™, Deal with ÅØË °æü∆Eo 'E®Ωy-£œ«çîª’— ÅØËÅ®Ωnç™ áçü¿’èπ◊ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√L?

A. Deal ûª®√yûª ´îËa preposition †’ •öÀd Å®Ωnç´÷®Ωúøç èπÿú≈ usage N≠æ-ßª’¢Ë’ éπü∆.

É™«çöÀ expressions †’, deal in, deal withphrasal verbs Åçö«ç. ûÁ©’-í∫’™ äéπ-J-O’ü¿ éÓ°æç´*aç-ü¿çö«ç éπü∆? Ééπ\úø äéπ-J-O’ü¿ ÅØË áçü¿’-éπ-Ø√L? äéπ-JûÓ éÓ°æç ´*aç-ü¿E áçü¿’-éπ-†-èπÿ-úøü¿÷?Åçõ‰ àç Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç îÁ•’û√ç? Ç ¶µ«≠æ B®Ω’ ÅçûËÅE îÁ°æ¤p-éÓ-¢√-LqçüË. English ™†÷ ÅçûË.

M. Ravichandra Reddy, HyderabadQ. éÀçC °æü∆-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ à´’ç-ö«®Ó ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ.

®Ó©’, ®Óéπ-L-•çúø, §Òvûªç,°æîªaúÕ, °æ°æ¤p-í∫’Ah, ®Ω’•súøç

A. ®Ó©’ = Mortor- Å®·ûËÉC ´’†ç ¢√-úË ®Ó©çûªÂ°ü¿lC é¬ü¿’.

®Óéπ-L-•çúø = Pestle (Â°Æˇ™¸)

§Òvûªç = Grinder, °æîªaúÕ = Chutney

°æ°æ¤p-í∫’Ah = Pestle, ®Ω’•súøç = Grind

Q. éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ Å†’-´-Cç-îªçúÕ.

ØË†’ ´÷ Å´’tèπ◊ °æîªaúÕ ü¿çîª-úøç™ Ææ£æ…-ßª’-°æ-úø-û√†’.

A. I help mother in making/ grinding chutney.

Q. ØË†’ ´çô© ®Ω’*E Éõ‰d °æÆœ-í∫-ôd-í∫-©†’.

A. I can easily sense the flavour of cooking

Q. ´çô™ àN’ ûªèπ◊\-¢ÁjçüÓ Ææ’©-¶µºçí¬ ví∫£œ«ç-îª-í∫-©†’.

A. I can easily grasp what is wrong in the cook-ing of an item.

Q. ®Ó©’, ®Ω’•’s-®Ó©’ äéπ-õ‰Ø√? ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ¢ËÍ®y®Ω’ °æü∆-©’-Ø√oßª÷?

A. 'Mortor' is the only word, nearest in meaningto all of them.

Q. ví¬´’ç™ Åçü¿-J-éÃ -éπ-L°œ äéπ Â°ü¿l ®Ó©’ Öçô’çC,ü∆E-Íé-¢Á’iØ√ Ê°®Ω’çü∆?

A.The village mortor ÅØÌîª’a.

A.Sudhakar, Peddamallareddy (Nizamabad)Q. Why choose I (we) shall and you, (he, she,it)

will for the future tense?

A. Shall and will are natural aspects of theEnglish language. Can we explain why¢Á∞¡û√ç is used with ¢Ë’´·, and, ¢Á∞¡-û√†’ isused with ØË†’? They are just parts of the lan-guage.

Present simple (go, come, see, sees, goes,etc) is used sometimes to denote immediatefuture, especially when we are definite aboutthe time, it's not a new practice.

a) I go there tomorrow.

b) She comes here next week.

Shall/ will is used for future in generalcompare:

a) She comes here next week.

b) She will come here next week.

In a) her coming is definite, and

b) her coming is not so certain.

That's the difference between the use of shall/will for future and the present simple forfuture.

M.SURESAN


YYou don't measurou don't measure upto that e upto that


By and large he was successful ge he was successful...Å®ΩnçûÓ) ‰†- æ¤púø’, Ç...

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