Features• Digital displays

- Power loss direct orstandardized to 10 kV

- Power Factor PF (cos ϕ)- Dissipation factor (tan δ)- Test current- Test voltage- Test frequency- Capacitance

• Two measurement inputs toaccommodate ANSI/IEEE(UST, GST and GSTg) testingwithout changing connections

• Automatic interference suppression• Built in printer• Including RS 232C• IEEE 488 output (optional)• 200 mA, 12 kV AC power supply• Automatic polarity reversal switch• Manual voltage adjustment• Measures while the voltage

is being adjusted

• Fast setup and measuring• Built in operator safety features

- Safety ground monitor circuit to ensuresafe connections between the high volt-age ground and earth ground beforehigh voltage can be turned on. A lighton the power supply indicates theground status.

- Hand held safety push button switch

• Other parameters that can be selected fordisplay- Apparent power- Reactive power- Inductance- Quality factor- Magnetizing current- Iron loss current

• Built in standard capacitor• Can be used with an external standard

capacitor• Operator entry of the number of mea-

surements to be averaged• Facilitates ratio entry for use with an ex-

ternal current comparator to extend themeasuring range

• Simplified color coordinated operator in-put controls

• Retains last display and measuring modesetup when power is turned off

• Plain language error messages are dis-played on a 2 line 16 character LCD dis-play

• Permits entering up to seven ANSI tem-perature conversion tables to providepower factor printout standardized to20 °C

• Automatic date and time on report printouts

• Operator entry of a test object identifica-tion number that will be printed on all re-ports

• A built in hardware self test sequence• Field replaceable plug in printed circuit

assemblies which are accessible from thefront of the instrument

• Front panel mounted HV fuses and circuitbreaker

• Optional test cells are available for test-ing transformer oil or other liquid or solidinsulants

Automatic 12 kV insulationtest system (C, tan δ, PF)for in-situ measurements

2816/5284

Test voltageRange 0 … 12.00 kVOptional 0 … 2.00 kVResolution 0.001 kVLimits of error ± 1.0 % rdg ± 2 dig

Test currentRange 0 … 15.00 AResolution 0.001 mALimits of error ± 1.0 % rdg ± 2 dig

Test frequencyRange 45.00 … 65.00 HzResolution 0.01 HzLimits of error ± 0.02 % rdg

Quality factorRange 0.1 … 9999

Measuring timeFirst reading 4 secUpdate readings 0.6 sec intervals

Display range of other parametersApparent power (S) 0 mVA ... 999.9 kVAActual power (P) 0 mW ... 999.9 kWReactive power (Q) 0 mVAr ... 999.9 kVArMagnetizing current (Im) 0 … 999.9 AIron loss current (Ife) 0 … 999.9 A

Standard capacitorInternal ≈100 pF / 12 kV max.

Test current limitationsCN: The external capacitor input currentrange is limited to greater than 31 µA andless than 15 mA.

CX: A and B test object capacitances arelimited to 15 A maximum.

High voltage output The high voltage section has a dual range(12 kV) manual voltage adjustment:Voltage 0.1 kV … 12 kVCurrent 200 mA (continuous)

Optional range:Voltage 0 … 2 kVCurrent 5 mA

Stated error is based on thefollowing test conditionsStandard capacitor CN = 100 pFTest voltage ≥ 1000 VUnknown capacitance

50 · CN < CX < 2000 · CN31 µA < IX < 15 A

The ranges shown are limited by the powersupply limits of 200 mA, 12 kV.For ranges of the 2816 with external stan-dard refer to the “range extension” sectionof this specification.

Operating temperature 5 °C to + 40 °C

Mains supplyVoltage 230 V or 115 V ± 10%Current (no load) 180 mA / 360 mA

(full load) 11 A / 22 AFrequency 50/60 Hz

Weights and dimensionsTwo interlocked stacking cases(W x H x D) 500 x 310 x 470 mm

(20.8 x 12.8 x 24.2 in) each– Measuring instrument 40 kg (88 Ib)– HV-transformer/control 86 kg (189 Ib)

with support bracket– Case with cables 24 kg (53 Ib)

Applicable standardsThe measuring system is designed in accor-dance with the appropriate sections of thefollowing specifications:– ANSI/IEEE C 57.12.90– VDE 0411/Part 1– IEC 348/Safety category I – IEC 359

Range extensionAlthough the automatic insulation powerloss field test system is designed as a com-plete test system the capabilities of the mea-suring instrument type 2816 far exceed thelimitations that are imposed by the internalstandard capacitor and current / voltagelimits of the power supply. By utilizing anexternal standard capacitor and alternatehigh voltage power source, the measuringrange of the type 2816 can be extended toperform accurate testing in a fixed installa-tion.For example, if you have a 100 pF/400 kV standard capacitor and a powersource capable of delivering 400 kV at10 A the 2816 would be able to measureup to 65 nF at 400 kV. In a similar fashionhigh capacitance line compensating ca-pacitors could be tested, at voltages lessthan 12 kV, by using the internal standardcapacitor and a high current source withone of our current comparators, listedabove, to reduce the input current to A or Bto less than 15 A. In summary, the list of ap-plications of the type 2816 with it's modu-lar flexibility is limited only by the imagina-tion of the user.

Field testing with precisionThe type 2816/5284 is designed for on-site testing of high voltage distributionequipment. The rugged two piece designincorporates shock absorbing characteris-tics to facilitate transporting the instrumentwithout affecting it's precision. The primaryapplication of the instrument is to performperiodic maintenance inspections to evalu-ate the high voltage insulation losses ofmany types of apparatus. Additional func-tions are provided, which make this instru-ment ideal for detailed analysis of powertransformer conditions.

The complete test cycle is automated to en-sure reliable and repeatable test results. Atypical sequence is:

1. Connect to the test object2. Select GST, UST or GSTg3. Depress the safety switch4. Turn the high voltage on and adjust the

voltage to the test level5. Touch the RUN switch6. Touch the PRINT switch7. Release the safety push button and the

test is complete with the results printed out

Technical specificationsType 2816/5284 system

Measured parametersCapacitance CXat 200 mA, 50 Hz (60 Hz)for 12 kV max. 53 nF (44 nF)for 1 kV max. 630 nF (530 nF)Resolution 0.01 pFLimits of error ± 0.05 % rdg ± 1 dig

InductanceConditions 31 µA < IX < 200 mAe.g. for 12 kV/50 Hz 190 H … 1273 kHResolution 0.1 mHLimits of error ± 0.5 % rdg ± 2 dig

Dissipation factor (tan δ)Range 0 … 9.99Resolution 0.0001Limits of error ± 1 % rdg ± 0.0001

Power factor PF (cos ϕ)Range 0 … 1.00Resolution 0.0001Limits of error ± 1 % rdg ± 0.0001

Definition of dielectric variablesDissipation factor (tan δ)tan δ = IRX/ICX

Power factor (PF)PF = cos ϕ = IRX/I

Where: - IRX is the resistive current- lCX is the reactive current- I = the amplitude of the

vector sum of the currentsIRX and ICX

IRX

ICXCX

RXδ

ICX

IRX

I

U

ϕ

Printout sample

CX tan δ Utest

PF IX

A/B

low

high

transformer under test

type 2816/5284

V

∼

CHG

CX tan δ Utest

PF IX

A/B

low

highCHLCHG

transformer under test

type 2816/5284

V

∼

CX tan δ Utest

PF IX

A/B

low

highCHL

transformer under test

type 2816/5284

V

∼

Transformer measurement circuitsBasic diagrams:Cable and measuring equipment shielding is dis-regarded.

1. Ungrounded Specimen Test:

UST/A (Ungrounded Specimen Test):UST/B C = CHLUST/A + B

Measurement of capacitance between high-volt-age winding (H) and low-voltage winding (L) in-sulated from ground (casing and supply low v toground). In the case of two low-voltage wind-ings, either the individual capacitonces or theirsum con be measured via inputs A and B by set-ting the selector switch accordingly.

2. Grounded Specimen Test:GST/A + B (Grounded Specimen Test):

C = CHL + CHG

Measurement of capacitance between high-volt-age winding (H) and low-voltage winding (L),and between high-voltage winding and ground(G). Low-voltage winding and casing to ground.

3. Grounded Specimen Test with guarding:GSTg/A (Grounded Specimen TestGSTg/B with guarding): C = CHGGSTg / A + B

Measurement of capacitance between high-volt-age winding (H) and ground (G). Low-voltagewinding connected to supply low v.In the case of two low-voltage windings, eitherthe individuol capacitances or their sum can bemeasured via inputs A and B by setting the se-lector switch accordingly.

Order specification– Type 2816/5284 automatic 12 kV insu-

lation test system (C, tan δ, power loss)for on site measurements (including a RS232C printer interface and built-in type5974 line printer)comprising:- Measuring instrument type 2816- HV transformer/control type 5284- Support bracket no. 020298-00

– Set of cable and accessories:for 20 m cables no. 019854-00for 100 feet cable no. 020911-00comprising:- 1 cable "HIGH" max. 12 kV- 2 cable "LOW", red and blue- 1 cable "GUARD"- cable with safety switch

(for interlock system)- 1 hook for h.v. connection- Large and small alligator clips- 1 cable "GUARD" to 6835 test

cell for liquid insulants- Cables for connections between

types 2816 and 5284

The accessories are supplied in a separatecase.

Mains voltage 230 or 115 V,50 or 60 Hz

(please specify in order)

Including RS 232C computerinterface type 2818/3

Option– IEEE 488 interface type 2818/2

– Test voltage 2 kV/max. 5 mA(with current limitation)for measurements withTETTEX test cells type 5284/1

– Application software for theautomated acquisition of C/tan δmeasurement at a sequence oftest voltages type 2816/SWEQ

Additional optional supplySpare partsOne set of recommendedPCB’s and parts:– small set of spares no. 20121-01– large set of spares no. 20121-02

Data cables RS 232 data link cable type 5991RS 232 Fiber optic link type 5992Bus cable for IEEE 488 type 5993

Power supply optionsResonating inductor type 5288for test current extensionup to 4.4 A (1 µF/12 kV/60 Hz)for type 2816/5284

Test cells for liquid insulants– max. 10 kV type 6835– max. 2 kV

(heating up to 150 °C) type 2903

Spare test cell cables– For type 6835 (3 m) no. 17922-00– For type 2903 (3 m) no. 17809-00