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Page 1: Archive of SID - Ferdowsi University of Mashhadprofdoc.um.ac.ir/articles/a/1006928.pdf · Archive of SID nhvhÏ vhõ jH pN,nÏ jÎC lD..fHaN# ... T =VndN# uHl„ÈHÏ fN,Ë f¶N μ

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f SID ]¥ÎNÍ

hdK |,iA fH iN fVvsD l¥HkÎCÊ hkéÆH‰ vs<ã nv v,noHkItû„D kHaD hc sαã kH=ÈHkD fû<vè lN‰ sHcÏ aVhdX xäζD nvd: t„<Ê >clHdúæHiD fH rHf„ÎJ aÎF BdVÏ hkíHÊ aN# hc >kíH ;Isαã [VdHË yÎV lHkN=Hv hsJ fVhÏ j<gÎN >Ë lòCkD nv fHnsJ;HkH‰ kûF =VndN# xVó lòCË hl¥HË hdíHn >fÁÂ<niHÏ fH nfDpNh;êV d¥öHË , clHË `HdI lé™H,è vh tVhiL lD kÂ<n# r¢V lé<sXbvhè hkéòHfD 5/1 l΄ÎÂéV& nfD iH fÎK 52 jH 24 gÎéVfVeHkÎI fV ,hpNuV°& clHË `HdI kÎC lé™H,è hkéòHã aN# kéHd{ kúHË lD.niN nv>clHdA..iHÏ fH >fÁÂ<niHÏ lúHfI hc k§V nfD pNh;êV& nfD vs<ãlé<sX fH htChdA clHË `HdI >fÁÂ<n v,kN ;HiúD nhaéI& ,gD lÎChËvs<ã hkéÆHgD iÂ<hvÍ köäJ fI aVhdX lHkN=Hv fÎúéV hsJ# fHx<kD aNË clHË HdI >fÁÂ<n sαã nfD lé<sX fHv ;T hkéÆHgD fIlÆNhv fHv ;T hkéÆH‰ dHtéI nv aVhdX lHkN=Hv kCnd:.jV lD.a<n# lNèclHË w¶<n aHoI fHv,kNÍ >fÁÂ<n [VdHË kÎC fV lÎChË fHv ;T hkéÆHgDl<eV hsJ# j®ÎÎV a¥G föéV kHaD hc [HfíHdD bvhè ;T nv hféNhÏföéV fÎúéVdK lÆNhv vh nhvn# hc hdÁV, lÆH,lJ kHaD hc j®ÎÎV a¥G föéVnv fVhfV [VdHË fúNè htChdA dHtéI , lD.j<hkN fV lÎChË vs<ã hkéÆHgDl<eV fHaN#

,h\Í.iHÏ ;„ÎNÏ^ v,noHkI tû„D& [VdHË yÎVlHkN=Hv vs<ã&sαã x®ÎHkD& fVvsD >clHdúæHiD& fHv;T

lÆNlIhpNhë sNiHÏ ;<jHÍ , lé<sX nv lÁHxR lòé„™D hc ;ú<v

fòû<ü nv sH‰..iHÏ hoÎV l<vn j<[I fVkHlI.vdChË ,chvjòHkI.iHÏkÎV, , [ÈHn ;úH,vcÏ rVhv =VtéI hsJ# hdK =<kI sNiH fH hiNhlòé„T& boÎVÍsHcÏ v,hkHã kHaD hc sαãiH& j®BdI lûÁ<uD>fò<hËiH , dH ;ÁéV‰ sαã fH v,d¥Vn p™HzJ hc sHcÍiHÏ ;HiAtVsHdA fI ;Hv =VtéI lDa<kN# fòA uÂNÍ.hÏ hc hdK sNiH fV v,Ïv,noHkI.iHÏ tû„D nv lÁHxR lV;CÏ& aVØ , [Á<ã hdVhË rVhvnhvkN ;I löá<‰ [ÂU.>,vÏ v,hkHã kHaD hc v=äHviHÏ jÁNÏ ;Il¶Â<‰ hdK lÁHxR hsJ& lD.fHaÁN# péD sNiHÏ jHoÎVÏ hpNhëaNÍ nv sVaHoI v,noHkI.iHÏ nhdÂD kÎC fI ngÎG nhaéK aÎF jÁNiÂÎúI l<h[I fH sαã.iHÏ x®ÎHkD lD.fHaÁN# pV;J hdKsαã.iH fHuE hkéÆH‰ vs<ã fI w<vè yÎVlHkN=Hv lD=Vnn ;I fIx<v r¢U fH lÎChË hkéÆH‰ vs<ã nv pHgJ lHkN=Hv lé™H,è hsJ# hc>kíH ;I uÂV l™ÎN hdK sNiH föéæD ;HlG fI lÎChË vs<ã.iHÏjI.kúÎK aNÍ nhvn& fV>,vn nrÎR pV;J vs<ã nv heV >fÁÂ<nsαã.iHÏ x®ÎHkD , ]æ<kæD jVsÎF >kÈH qV,vÏ lD.fHaN# uNÊaÁHoJ ,d|=D.iHÏ ]ÁÎK sαã.iHdD , jHeÎV >Ë fV föéV l<[FaN& oöHvè rHfG j<[ÈD hc k§V [HkD , lHgD S hc sÎG sH‰0831 nv lÁHxR fH nsJ =V=HË v,n f<[<n >dN& ]ÁHk¥I=HfÎ<Ë..iHÏ hpNheD nv sH‰ h,‰ fH ,r<ß sÎG 18 hc vs<ã V aNÍ, [VdHË sαã j<hköJ sÁ+.iHdD fH r¢V kCnd: fI 05 sHkéÎÂéV vhfI HdÎK nsJ lÁéÆG ;ÁN# k¥éI lÈL ndæV hdÁ¥I jH;Á<Ë nsé<vhg¶Â„Dhc xV sHclHË.iHÏ löá<‰ nv hvjäH£ fH aÎ<Í l¢Hg¶I ]ÁÎK>fVhiI.iHdD jÈÎI kæVndNÍ ;I hdK o<n hc ndG fD.j<[ÈD nv hdK clÎÁIf<nÍ , lD.j<hkN hpNhë sNiHÏ ;<jHÍ vh fVhÏ boÎVÍ.sHcÏ >ãpHwG hc sαfÈH hc k§VjíÂU vs<ã fH lú¥G v,fV, kÂHdN#

jH;Á<Ë l¢Hg¶Hè nv vhf¢I fH l¥HkÎCÊ pV;J vs<ã nvv,noHkI.iH , jñJ aVhdX lHkN=Hv föÎHv =öéVnÍ hkíHÊ aNÍ hsJ,gD nv oû<ü hkéÆH‰ vs<ã jñJ aVhdX yÎVlHkN=Hv l¢Hg¶HèföÎHv hkNμ f<nÍ ;I ]¥ÎNÍ.hÏ hc hdK l¢Hg¶Hè nv cdV hvhdI lD..=Vnn#

sαfÈHÏ kH=ÈHkD j<sX fHvaÈHÏ fH aNè cdHn , lNè ;L hdíHnlDa<kN# fVhkö<Ë , iÂ¥HvhË “2”& ;<iK , iÂ¥HvhË “4” kÎC nvl<vn hkéÆH‰ vs<ã jñJ sαã kH=ÈHkD nv f¶†D hc v,noHkI..iHÏlÁ¢ÆI hsVhmÎG l¢Hg¶I ;VnÍ kéHd{ kúHË nhn [VdHË nv hdK >fVhiI..iHnhvhÏ clHË ;L , pNh;êV nfD kÎC n,hÊ ;ÂD nhaéI f¢<vÏ ;I >fÁÂ<n

u„<Ê , lÈÁNsD >fòÎCnhvÏ hdVhË

lí„I u„ÂD - |,iúD

sH‰ h,‰ - aÂHvÍ 2 - HdÎC 6831

sH‰ h,‰ - aÂHvÍ 2 - HdÎC 6831 3

Vol. 1, No. 2, Fall 2007

u„<Ê , lÈÁNsD >fòÎ__CnhvÏ hdVhË Iran-Watershed Management

Science & Engineering

fVvsD >clHdúæHiD u<hlG l<eV fV hkéÆH‰ vs<ã nv

aVhdX sαã x®ÎHkD

;HzL hsÂHu΄D1

lñÂ<n a™HuD fíöéHË& sÎN lñÂ<n ;Ha™D <v2

1- u†__< iÎ_Hè u„_ÂD nhkú_æHÍ tVn,s_D lúÈ__N , nhkúí___<Ï n;é___VÏ

nhkú¥___NÍ lÈÁNs__D u„<Ê >ã nhkúæHÍ aÈÎ__N ]Â_VhË hi<hc

ri.ca.mu.iswodref@iliamsE

2- fI jVjÎF hséHn , nhkúÎHv nhkú¥NÍ lÈÁNsD u„<Ê >ã nhkúæHÍ aÈÎN ]ÂVhË

hi<hc moc.oohay@iafahs_m , moc.eticxe@ruopifehsak

www.SID.ir

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f SID

nhvhÏ vhõ jH pN,nÏ jÎC lD..fHaN#vdN , iÂ¥HvhË “41” heV [VdHË& fû<vè sαã kH=ÈHkD vh nv

l<vn hkéÆH‰ fHv;T nv >fVhiI..iHÏ fÎHfHkD fH hpNhë d: fHcÍ |,iúDhvcdHfD aNÍ l<vn j<[I rVhv nhnkN& kéHd{ kúHË nhn j®ÎÎVhè cdHnÏ nvfHvaÈHÏ ]ÁÎK lÁHxÆD ,[<n nhvn# gD , iÂ¥HvhË “8” |,iA.iHÏ>clHdúæHiD nv l<vn v,kN hkéÆH‰ fHv;T jñJ [VdHË yÎVlHkN=HvhkíHÊ nhnkN# gÎH‰ “01” nv l<vn heV l<ì pHwG hc a¥öJ sN ;Ifû<vè NdNÍ.hÏ yÎVlHkN=Hv uÂG lD..kÂHdN fV j®ÎÎVhè hdíHn aNÍv,Ï d: föéV rHfG pV;J )l<hn aÁD , l<hn sä: léò„òG(fVvsD kÂ<n# kéHd{ kúHË nhn ;I ÎúHkD l<ì f¢<v ,hqñD nv föéVléò„òG , nhkI.fÁNÏ sä¥éV köäJ fI föéViHÏ aÁD , eHfJ ;<]¥éVhsJ# ;<iK , v,Ë “4” h,gÎK l¢Hg¶Hè lñHsäHjD vh nv l<vniÎNv,gÎ: [VdHË v,Ï ;T iHÏ léñVμ , hvcdHfD hkéÆH‰ vs<ã ,j®ÎÎVhè föéV vh hc xVdR lN‰ vhdHkI..hÏ hkíHÊ nhnkN hdúHË d: lN‰k§VÏ fV läÁHÏ hwG fÆHÏ [VÊ nv >fVhiI..iHÏ ;L uÂR hvhdI ;VnÍkéHd{ kúHË nhn ;I fH a¥öJ sN nv hféNhÏ föéV& tVsHdA ,aöéú<Ï aNdNÏ f<[<n >lNÍ , iÂîÁHË ;I l<ì fI sÂJ `HdÎKnsJ lÁéÆG lD.=Vnn hc aNè >Ë ;HséI lD..a<n# aVhdX t<Øl<[F aöéú<Ï cdHn nv hxVh sN lD..=Vnn# ;HgΙÎ< , hgÎÎHkD “3”kÎC nv clÎÁI heV [VdHË.iHÏ kH=ÈHkD fV föéViHÏ léñVμ&

|,iA..iHdD vh hkíHÊ nhnÍ , d: lN‰ vdHqD fVhÏ `ÎA.fÎÁD]æ<kæD j®ÎÎVhè föéV S hc viH aNË >ã kHaD hc a¥öJ sNfû<vè d: l<ì r<Ï ;I NdNÍ.hÏ yÎVlHkN=Hv hc k§V iÎNv,gÎ¥DlD.fHaN hvhdI ;VnkN# hdúHË fVhÏ jú¥ÎG lN‰ lÁHsF d: nséæHÍ]ÈHv l¶HngI d: f¶NÏ hkéòHã ;VnÍ , >clHdA.iHdD vh nv v,Ï n,föéV jV , oú: hkíHÊ nhnkN# tVh;Hvg< , >vlHkÎÁD “6” kÎC ;HvlúHfI..hÏ vh nv jÈÎI d: lN‰ vdHqD fVhÏ fVvsD aVhdX föéV HdÎKnsJ sN hkíHÊ nhnkN# hsåÎÁ<dK “51” [VdHË kHaD hc a¥öJ d:sN vh v,Ï föéV rHfG pV;J , jòJ l<vn fVvsD rVhv nhnÍ hc xVdRu¥S.fVnhvÏ , rVhv nhnË tVdL..iHÏ fNsJ >lNÍ nv t<hwG clHkD;<jHÍ v,kN `ÎúV,Ï sÎG hdíHn aNÍ nv heV oVhfD sN vh jñ„ÎGkÂ<nkN kéHd{ pH;D hc [äÈI r<Ï `ÎúV,Ï nv hféNhÏ a¥öJ sNlD..fHaN ;I lD..j<hkN tVsHdA rHfG l±p§I..hÏ nv föéV hdíHn ;ÁN#iHlS , vdîHvn “5” [ÂU.fÁNÏ nv l<vn hkéÆH‰ htJ kHaD hc d:sαã sVdU1vh aäÎI..sHcÏ ;Vn fVhÏ hdK ;Hv fH hsé™HnÍ hc d: lN‰nséD& v=äHvÏ kH=ÈHkD hdíHn ;VnÍ fH f¥Hv=ÎVÏ l¶HngI..iHÏ sÁJ,kHkJ , jV;ÎF >Ë fH l¶HngI vdîHvn& htJ kHaD hc k™<b vh nv ;TföéV fNsJ >,vn# kéHd{ lN‰ h, <dHdD hkéÆH‰ htJ vh nv iÁæHÊ uä<v[VdHË nv `HdÎK nsJ aäÎI..sHcÏ lD..;ÁN# sÎÂ<Ë “61” fH hkNhcÍ=ÎVÏ y„§J vs<ã..iHÏ l<[<n fû<vè fHv l¶„R ;I lÆNhv >Ë nvf¶†D hc l<hvn fI l/gm 000001 lD..vsÎN nv kÆHxD lHkÁN >vdC,kH

, kÎ<l¥Cd¥< uÁ<hË kÂ<n ;Âä<n <aA =ÎHiD l<[F =úéI ;Iv,hkHfÈHÏ f<[<n >lNÍ nv tHw„I ;<jHiD fI sαã jäNdG =Vnn# gÎK, iÂ¥HvhË “9” |,iA..iHdD vh nvl<vn hvjäH£ >fÁÂ<n ,v,nÏ ,oV,[D [VdHË nv v,noHkI..iHÏ tû„D hkíHÊ nhnÍ , nv >Ë fI j<s¶IlN‰ ÎA..fÎÁD >fÁÂ<n oV,[D hc v,Ï píL [VdHË ,v,nÏ VnhoJ;I nv >Ë fH hsé™HnÍ hc l¶HngI iÂäöéæD o¢D >fÁÂ<n oV,[D hc v,Ï>fÁÂ<n ,v,nÏ `ÎAfÎÁD aN# vhf¢I iÂäöéæD fNsJ >lNÍ nhvhÏlé®ÎV.iHÏ lñN,n , fH hiÂÎJ f<n# kéHd{ ;Hv kúHË nhn vhf¢IföÎHvo<fD fÎK hkéÆH‰ htJ , píL [VdHË ,v,nÏ ,[<n nhvn#iÂîÁÎK >fÁÂ<n oV,[D iÂäöéæD o<fD vh fVhsHõ j<cdU =HlHlúòW lD;Vn#

nv föéViHÏ >fVtéD qòHlJ fHv;T rHfG pÂG fI qòHlJrúVÏ hc s¢P föéV föéæD nhvn ;I nv föÎHvÏ hc l<hrU nvpH‰hkéÆH‰ hsJ `Hv;V “31”# hdK qòHlJ fI pN,n sI fVhfV qòHlJr¢V bvhè nv hdK k<ß föéViH lD..vsN sHlV , iÂ¥HvhË “71”# kéHd{

|,iA..iHÏ >clHdúæHiD gD , iÂ¥HvhË “8” nv l<vn v,kN hkéÆH‰vs<ã ;T nv aVhdX [VdHË yÎV lHkN=Hv kúHË lD..niN fÎK nfDpNh;êV >fÁÂ<n [VdHË , pNh;êV >fÁÂ<n vs<ã jHoÎV ,[<n nhvn ;IkHaD hc jHeÎV hkNhcÍ r¢V bvhè hsJ# hdK lÎChË jHoÎV pN,n 6-51%hc n,vÍ >fÁÂ<n vh jú¥ÎG lD..niN# fH jHoÎV hdíHn aNÍ lÎChË fHvvs<fD ;T nv aVhdX yÎV lHkN=Hv fÎúéV hc lÆHndV ÎA.fÎÁD aNÍ hcv,ù..iHÏ lHkN=Hv f<nÍ , lÆHndV pNh;êV nfD vs<ã ;T kÎC fÎúéVhc lÆHndV `ÎA.fÎÁD aNÍ lD..fHaN# iÂîÁÎK hdK kéHd{ kúHË lD..niNköäJ lÆHndV fV>,vn aNÍ fI lÆHndV hkNhcÍ.=ÎVÏ aNÍ fVhÏ jÂHlD>fÁÂ<niHÏ fNsJ >lNÍ jÆVdäH eHfJ f<nÍ hsJ# nv >clHdúHè hkíHÊaNÍ lÆNhv ;Hv hkíHÊ =VtéI j<sX [VdHË fVhÏ jÂHlD pHgJ.iHÏeHfJ nv k§V =VtéI aN# |,iA..iHÏ =V , s<k+ “7” lÁéÈD fIhvhdI d: lN‰ vdHqD fVhÏ fV>,vn fHv;T =VndN#

uHl„ÈHÏ fN,Ë f¶Nj®ÎÎVhè uÂR , tVÊ ;T nv föéViHÏ jú¥ÎG aNÍ hcl<hn léñVμ

nv aVhdX yÎVlHkN=Hv fû<vè cdV k<aéI lD.a<n#

)1( 0¹ Q¶t¶

)2( 0¹ h¶t¶

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pH‰ j®ÎÎV lD..fHaN# jH;Á<Ë fV>,vn fHv ;T fVhsHõ aVhdX lHkN=Hv[VdHË hkíHÊ lD..=VtéI ;I fVhÏ aVhdX kH`HdNhv hc nrJ ;HtDfVo<vnhv kÂD..fHaN# uHlG..iHÏ lé¶NnÏ fV v,kN hkéÆH‰ fHv;T l<eV

u„<Ê , lÈÁNsD >fòÎCnhvÏ hdVhËsH‰ h,‰ - aÂHvÍ 2 - HdÎC 6831 4

doolF hsalF -1

www.SID.ir

Page 3: Archive of SID - Ferdowsi University of Mashhadprofdoc.um.ac.ir/articles/a/1006928.pdf · Archive of SID nhvhÏ vhõ jH pN,nÏ jÎC lD..fHaN# ... T =VndN# uHl„ÈHÏ fN,Ë f¶N μ

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iöéÁN ;I >kÈH vh lD..j<hË nv Á{ =V,Í fN,Ë f¶N j™¥Î: kÂ<n& =V, s<k+ “7”# o<hü sÎH‰ )gS ,r ,m(féVjÎF ,cË lòû<ü&[VÊ ,gC[J sÎH‰& uHlG..iHÏ o<hü l<ì )my ,A ,tD(féVjÎFuÂR pNh;êV& píL >ã cdV >fÁÂ<n nv ,hpN uV° , clHË HdI >fÁÂ<n, uHlG..iHÏ lVf<£ fI ,d|=D..iHÏ ;HkH‰ )¢h,xh,ah,h ,b*U

,0S ,b ,0L(& féVjÎF sVuJ fVaD& aÎF& uV°& oû<wÎHèx<‰ ;HkH‰ sHdV uHlG..iH nv cdV j¶VdT aNÍ..h kN# ,d|=D..iHÏvs<ã )l,X ,pd,sG ,cG ,sd ,sr(féVjÎF r¢V , [VÊ lòû<übvhè& sHdV uHlG..iH nv cdV j¶VdT aNÍ..hkN , [VdHË HdI )0Z ,0U

,0y(& féVjÎF uÂR& sVuJ [VdHË HdI& jVhc ;T föéV& tclHË , xtHw„I#

uHlG..iHÏ GuHlG nv[I..fÁNÏ , d¥Á<hoéD bvhè vs<ã& sG

uHlG a¥G bvhè vs<ã& cGuHlG lVf<£ fI yÎV d¥Á<hoéD bvhèvs<ã nv x<‰ lñÎX oÎS aNÍ & X]öäÁN=D bvhè vs<ã& ljò„òG bvhè föéV& pduHlG lVf<£ fI k™<bBdVÏ bvhè vs<ã ,dH nd<hvÍ..iHÏ ;HkH‰& hqVdF a¥G iÁNsI lÆ¢U& ah uHlGjûñÎP lñ<v x<gD ;HkH‰ , ¢h uHlG j®ÎÎV lÆ¢U uVqD ;HkH‰ nvaVhdX >clHdúæHiD fVhfV d: nv k§V =VtéI lD..a<kN#

nv >clHdA..iHÏ hkíHÊ =VtéI föÎHvÏ hc uHlG..iHÏ b;V aNÍ eHfJiöéÁN gBh nv jñ„ÎG hf¶HnÏ aV;J kÂD..kÂHdÁN# =V,Í..iHÏ fN,Ë f¶NuäHvjÁN hc^

,GHmy0y ,eR ,rF{ƒ = )C , Z

0Z , U

0U , y

0y(

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0y0L,

0L0y A

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, 0Z0y

,sd0y

,n ,sS , 0S

hc líÂ<uI =V,Í..iHÏ fN,Ë f¶N b;V aNÍ =V,Í..iHÏ cdV nv clÎÁIhkéÆH‰ fHv ;T jñJ [VdHË yÎVlHkN=Hv hc hiÂÎJ fÎúéVÏ fVo<vnhviöéÁN#

)4( dg )r-sr(

ct =*ct

)5( 0U0yg___

Ö=rF

)6( 0hR0Urm = eR

)7( yDTD

* 1

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kéHd{ fNsJ >lNÍ fH kéHd{ pHwG hc >clHdA..iHÏ gÎH‰ “01”&cdæöÎHË “81” ;Hg™Î< ,,hgÎÁH “3” , hsåÎÁ<d} “51” l¢HfÆJ o<fD vhkúHË lD..niN# nva¥G 4 kÎC j®ÎÎVhè uÂR [VdHË vh nv x<‰ föéVfVhÏ d: kÂ<kI hc >clHdA..iH vsL aNÍ hsJ ;I tVsHdA aNdN nvhféNhÏ föéV lÆH,lJ tVÊ föéV vh htChdA nhnÍ , uÂR [VdHË nv hdKkHpÎI htChdA rHfG j<[I kÂ<nÍ ,gD d¥Á<hoéD föéV nv `HdÎK nsJkÎÂVô d¥Á<hoéD hc [VdHË vh tVhiL lD..kÂHdN#

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v,Ï föéV l<vn fVvsD rVhv lD =ÎVn# nv aVhd¢D ;I jÁA fVaD,hvn fV föéV fÎúéV hc jÁA fñVhkD fHaN hké§Hv lD..v,n bvhè fV v,ÏföéV aV,ß fI pV;J kÂHdÁN# l¶ÎHviHÏ lé™H,jD fVhÏ aV,ß pV;Jbvhè ÎúÁÈHn aNÍ ;I ;HvfVnÏ.jVdK >kÈH uHlG a΄Nc hsJ#

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f SID kúHË lD..niN# hc hdK a¥G lúòW hsJ fH htChdA nfD pNh;êV

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köäJ fI v,kN vs<ã =BhvÏ hkíHÊ lD..=ÎVn , hdK aVhdX hl¥HËoV,ì röÂéD hc bvhè pV;J kÂ<nÍ vh fI oHvì hc fHcÍ >clHdúDtVhiL lD..>,vn# a¥G 9 sVuJ tVsHdA , vs<ã..=BhvÏ vh fVhÏnfD..iHÏ lòé„T kúHË lD..niN#

[ÂUfÁNÏkéHd{ pHwG hc líÂ<uI >clHdA..iH , läHpE vh lD..j<hË

fû<vè cdV o±wI ;Vn#1- jíCdI , jñ„ÎG hf¶HnÏ kúHË lD..niN lÈÂéVdK uHlG..iHÏ l<eV

fV v,kN hkéÆH‰ fHv ;T jñJ [VdHË yÎVlHkN=Hv uäHvjÁN hc ;Hv hkíHÊ=VtéI j<sX [VdHË fVv,Ï bvhè& uNn tV,n [VdHË , uHlGyÎVlHkN=HvÏ [VdHË#

2- kéHd{ fVvsD j<<=VhtD föéV S hc uä<v [VdHË pH;D hc >ËhsJ ;I j®ÎÎVhè nv tHw„I lñN,nÏ hc hféNhÏ föéV vô lD..niN#

3- tVsHdA nv kHpÎI hféNhdD föéV nv l<vn iV >fÁÂ<n , fH iV clHË`HdI lé™H,è lúHiNÍ lD..a<n#

4- j®ÎÎVhè uNn tV,n nv x<‰ föéV , kÎC j®ÎÎVhè >Ë nv iV kÆ¢IfH =BaJ clHË pH;D hc >Ë hsJ ;I hdK ;ÂÎJ fN,Ë f¶N nv n,vÍuä<v [VdHË eHfJ kÎöJ#

5- kHpÎI hféNhdD föéV fúNè tVsHdA dHtéI , vs<ã.=BhvÏbvhè nv tHw„I ;ÂD n,vjV fNgÎG ;HiA hkV\Ï , htChdA j®ÎÎV a¥GföéV w<vè lD..=ÎVn#

6- pV;J vs<fHè fû<vè fHv ;T tÆX kHaD hc heV jÁA fVaD,hvn hc s<Ï [VdHË fI föéV kä<nÍ f„¥I ,d|=D..iHÏ ndæV [VdHË yÎVlHkN=Hv fV [HfíHdD bvhè l<eV hsJ#

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a¥G 6-hgT- j®ÎÎVhè jÁA fVaDnv kÆH£ lòé„T nv x<‰ fHcÍ >clHdúD

a¥G6-ã- j®ÎÎVhè jÁA fVaD nv x<‰ fHcÍ >clHdúD nv n,vÍlòé„T clHË HdI

a¥G 7- j®ÎÎVhè nfD hkéÆH‰ vs<ã nvfVhfV clHË HdI >fÁÂ<n

a¥G 8-lÆHdöI nfD vs<ã nv sI köäJ hkéòHfD 2T/1T

a¥G 9- lÆHdöI sVuJ tVsHdA , vs<ã =BhvÏeV tVsHdA& dV vs<ã =BhvÏ

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8- lÎChË nfD vs<ã ;T fH htChdA clHË HdI ;HiA lD..dHfN#9 - sVuJ tVsHdA hcsVuJ vs<ã =BhvÏ fÎúéV hsJ#01- hkV\Ï h,gÎI l<ì l<[F j®ÎÎVhè cdHn nv s¢P föéV , fHuE

fV,c lÆH,lJ rHfG l±p§I..hÏ nv fVhfV [VdHË lD a<n# hc l<hvn b;VaNÍ fH hséÁäH£ lD..a<n nv v,noHkI..iHÏ tû„D ;I

föéV v,noHkI tHrN <aA =ÎHiD f<nÍ , fH ,r<ß [VdHË..iHÏ x®ÎHkDsVdU lHk¶D nv fVhfV [VdHË v,hkHã ,[<n kNhvn sαã lD..j<hkNj®ÎÎVhè rHfG l±p§I..hÏ nv föéV v,noHkI hdíHn kÂHdN , ]<Ë pV;Jvs<fHè nv hdK aVhdX kHaD hc sαfÈHÏ lé<hgD hsJ&vs<ã..=BhvÏ [VdHË fH ÎúHkD lúòW nv lòV,£ ht¥ÁI iH w<vèlD..=ÎVn# iÂîÁÎK nv l<hvnÏ ;I aÎF föéV cdHn fHaN pV;JsÁ+..iHÏ fH hf¶Hn fCvø fNgÎG rNvè fHÏ [VdHË lñéÂG hsJ#

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2- Branson, F. A. and Owen, J. B. 1970. Plantcover runoff and sediment yield rela-tionships on Moncos shale in western Colorado.Water Resources Research 6(3): 783-790.

3- Caeffi, V. and Valiani, A. 2002. AMathematical Model for Dam-Break OverMovable Bed. IAHR 2002 .D. Bousmar and Y.Zech (ed). Proceeding of the InternationalConference on Fluvial Hydraulic, Louvian-la -Neuve, Belgium:981-990.Balkema

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6- Fraccarollo, L. and Armanini, A. 1999. "ASimi-Analytical Soulution For The Dam-BreakProblem Over A movable bed" . IAHR

7-Graf, .W. H. and T. Song, 1997. Bed-ShearStress in Non-Uniform and Unsteady Open-Channel Flows. Journal of Hydraulic research.33(5): 399-704

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12-Meirovich, L. and Laronne, Ried. I. 1998.The variation of Water-surface Slope and itsSignificance for Bedload transport During Floodsin Gravel-Bed Streams. J. Hyd. Vol. 36, no. 2, pp.147-151.

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Recurrence interval for Ecoregions of the unitedstates: Transport Conditions at the Bankfull andEffective Discharge. Research Geological at theusda -ars National Sedimentaion Laboratory.

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