A survey of Stomoxys spp. (Diptera: Muscidae) at horsestable of Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University,

Nakhon Pathom Province

Tanawalee Mantiantipan1 Nutchanat Chibangyang1 Thekhawet Weluwanarak2

Poonyapat Sedwisai2 Tanasak Changbunjong1,2*

1Department of Pre-clinic and Applied Animal Science,2The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science,

Mahidol University, 999 Phuttamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand*Corresponding author, E-mail address: Tanasak.cha@mahidol.ac.th

Research Articles

Abstract

Stable flies are important blood sucking flies of livestock and other mammals. They can transmit many

parasites and pathogens. The present study was carried out to survey the stable flies at the horse stable of

Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University from July to August 2013 using Vavoua traps. A total of

976 individuals of 2 species were captured; Stomoxys calcitrans (97.75%) and Stomoxys indicus (2.25%).

The diurnal feeding activity of each species was observed during different period of times (06.00 to 18.00).

Males of S. calcitrans showed peak of diurnal activity in the morning (08.00 to 10.00) and in the afternoon

(14.00 to 16.00) whereas females showed a constant activity throughout the day. Both sexes of S. indicus

showed peak of activity in the early morning (06.00 to 08.00) and the late afternoon (16.00 to 18.00). Some

morphological characters (frontal index and body length) in both sexes of each species were also measured.

Results of this study provide information that may be useful for stable fly control programs.

Keywords: Stable fly, Survey, Stomoxys calcitrans, Stomoxys indicus, Vavoua trap

Journal of Applied Animal Science 2014; 7(1): 43-51.

44 Journal of Applied Animal Science Vol.7 No.1 January-April 2014

°“√ ”√«®·¡≈ß«—π§Õ° —μ«å Stomoxys spp. (Diptera: Muscidae)

∫√‘‡«≥§Õ°¡â“ §≥– —μ«·æ∑¬»“ μ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¡À‘¥≈ ®—ßÀ«—¥π§√ª∞¡

∏π“«≈’ À¡—Ëπ‡∑’¬πμ‘æ—π∏å1 πÿ™π“√∂ „™â∫“߬“ß

1 ∑‘¶‡«∑ ‡«Ãÿ«π“√—°…å

2

ªÿ≠≠æ—≤πå ‡»…«‘ —¬2 ∏π»—°¥‘Ï ™à“ß∫√√®ß

1,2*

1¿“§«‘™“ª√’§≈‘π‘°·≈– —μ«»“ μ√åª√–¬ÿ°μå,

2»Ÿπ¬å‡ΩÑ“√–«—ß·≈–μ‘¥μ“¡‚√§®“° —μ«åªÉ“  —μ«åμà“ß∂‘Ëπ ·≈– —μ«åÕæ¬æ,

§≥– —μ«·æ∑¬»“ μ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¡À‘¥≈ 999 ∂ππæÿ∑∏¡≥±≈ “¬ 4 μ.»“≈“¬“ Õ.æÿ∑∏¡≥±≈ ®.π§√ª∞¡ 73170 ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬*ºŸâ√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫∫∑§«“¡ E-mail address: Tanasak.cha@mahidol.ac.th

∫∑§—¥¬àÕ

·¡≈ß«—π§Õ° —μ«å‡ªìπ·¡≈ߥŸ¥‡≈◊Õ¥∑’Ë¡’ ”§—≠°—∫ª»ÿ —μ«å ·≈– —μ«å‡≈◊Õ¥Õÿàπ∑—Ë«‰ª  “¡“√∂‡ªìπæ“À–𔇙◊ÈÕª√ ‘μ ·≈–

‡™◊ÈÕ‚√§À≈“¬™π‘¥ °“√»÷°…“§√—Èßπ’ȉ¥â¥”‡π‘π°“√ ”√«®·¡≈ß«—π§Õ° —μ«å∫√‘‡«≥§Õ°¡â“¢Õߧ≥– —μ«·æ∑¬»“ μ√å ¡.¡À‘¥≈

μ—Èß·μà‡¥◊Õπ°√°Æ“§¡∂÷ß ‘ßÀ“§¡ æ.». 2556 ‚¥¬„™â°—∫¥—° Vavoua  “¡“√∂®—∫·¡≈ß«—π§Õ° —μ«å‰¥â∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ 976 μ—« ª√–°Õ∫

¥â«¬ 2 ™π‘¥ ‰¥â·°à Stomoxys calcitrans (√âÕ¬≈– 97.75) ·≈– Stomoxys indicus (√âÕ¬≈– 2.25) ®“°°“√»÷°…“°‘®°√√¡°“√ÕÕ°

À“°‘π„π√Õ∫«—π¢Õß·¡≈ß«—π§Õ° —μ«å·μà≈–™π‘¥„π™à«ß‡«≈“∑’Ë·μ°μà“ß°—π (06.00 ∂÷ß 18.00 π.) æ∫«à“‡æ»ºŸâ¢Õß S. calcitrans

· ¥ß°‘®°√√¡°“√ÕÕ°À“°‘π Ÿß ÿ¥„π™à«ß‡™â“ (08.00 π.∂÷ß 10.00 π.) ·≈–™à«ß∫à“¬ (14.00 π. ∂÷ß 16.00 π.) ¢≥–∑’ˇ滇¡’¬®–

æ∫«à“‰¡à·μ°μà“ß°—π„π·μà≈–™à«ß‡«≈“¢Õß«—π ∑—Èß Õ߇滢Õß S. indicus ¡’°‘®°√√¡°“√ÕÕ°À“°‘π Ÿß ÿ¥„π™à«ß‡™â“μ√Ÿà (06.00 π.

∂÷ß 08.00 π.) ·≈–™à«ßæ≈∫§Ë” (16.00 π. ∂÷ß 18.00 π.) ∑—Èßπ’ȉ¥â· ¥ß∂÷ß≈—°…≥–∑“ß —≥∞“π«‘∑¬“ (frontal index ·≈–§«“¡

¬“«¢Õß≈”μ—«) ¢Õß·¡≈ß«—π§Õ° —μ«å·μà≈–™π‘¥√à«¡¥â«¬ ¥—ßπ—Èπ º≈®“°°“√»÷°…“§√—Èßπ’È “¡“√∂„™â‡ªìπ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ ”À√—∫°“√«“ß

‚ª√·°√¡„π°“√§«∫§ÿ¡·¡≈ß«—π§Õ° —μ«å„πæ◊Èπ∑’ˉ¥â

§” ”§—≠ : ·¡≈ß«—π§Õ° —μ«å  ”√«® Stomoxys calcitrans Stomoxys indicus °—∫¥—° Vavoua

Journal of Applied Animal Science 2014; 7(1): 43-51.

Journal of Applied Animal Science Vol.7 No.1 January-April 2014 45

∫∑π”

·¡≈ß«—π§Õ° —μ«å (Stomoxys spp.) ‡ªìπ·¡≈ß«—π¥Ÿ¥

‡≈◊Õ¥®—¥Õ¬Ÿà„π«ß»å (Family) Muscidae «ß»å¬àÕ¬ (Subfamily)

Muscinae ‡À≈à“ (Tribe) Stomoxyini ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ 18 ™π‘¥

∑ÿ°™π‘¥ “¡“√∂æ∫‰¥â„π‡¢μ√âÕπ (tropical) ·∫à߇ªìπæ∫„π

∑«’ª·Õø√‘°“ 12 ™π‘¥ ∑«’ª‡Õ™’¬ 4 ™π‘¥ æ∫‰¥â∑—Èß∑«’ª·Õø√‘°“

·≈–∑«’ª‡Õ‡ ’́¬ 1 ™π‘¥ ·≈–Õ’° 1 ™π‘¥ “¡“√∂æ∫°√–®“¬

‰¥â∑—Ë«‚≈° (Zumpt, 1973) ∑—È߇滺Ÿâ·≈–‡æ»‡¡’¬¥Ÿ¥°‘π‡≈◊Õ¥

‡ªìπÕ“À“√ ‡ªìπ·¡≈ß∑’Ë¡’§«“¡ ”§—≠°—∫ª»ÿ —μ«å·≈– —μ«å‡≈’Ȭß

≈Ÿ°¥â«¬π¡∑—Ë«‰ª (Zumpt, 1973; Baldacchino et al., 2013)

Stomoxys calcitrans (Linneus) ‡ªìπ™π‘¥∑’Ë¡’§«“¡ ”§—≠

·≈– “¡“√∂æ∫°√–®“¬‰¥â∑—Ë«‚≈° (Zumpt, 1973)  ”À√—∫

ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‰¥â¡’°“√√“¬ß“π™π‘¥¢Õß·¡≈ß«—π§Õ° —μ«å 6 ™π‘¥

‚¥¬æ∫°√–®“¬Õ¬Ÿà∑—Ë«‰ª„πæ◊Èπ∑’Ëμà“ßÊ ¢Õߪ√–‡∑» (Tumrasvin

and Shinonaga, 1978; Masmeatathip et al., 2006; Muenworn

et al., 2010; Changbunjong et al., 2012)

·¡≈ß«—π§Õ° —μ«å°àÕ„À⇰‘¥§«“¡‡ ’¬À“¬∑“߇»√…∞°‘®

μàÕÕÿμ “À°√√¡°“√‡≈’Ȭߠ—μ«å ‡ªìπº≈‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°°“√√∫°«π

·≈–°“√¥Ÿ¥°‘π‡≈◊Õ¥ ∑”„Àâ —μ«å‡°‘¥¿“«–‚≈À‘μ®“ß πÈ”Àπ—°μ—«

·≈–º≈º≈‘μ≈¥≈ß®“°°“√ Ÿ≠‡ ’¬‡≈◊Õ¥·≈–∂Ÿ°√∫°«π°“√

°‘πÕ“À“√ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–‡¡◊ËÕ¡’ª√–™“°√·¡≈ß«—π§Õ° —μ«å®”π«π

¡“°  àߺ≈∑”„Àâ‚§π¡¡’πÈ”Àπ—°≈¥≈ß∂÷ß 10-15 ‡ªÕ√凴Áπμå

·≈–º≈º≈‘μπÈ”π¡≈¥≈ß∂÷ß 40-60 ‡ªÕ√凴Áπμå (Wall and

Shearer, 1997) ·¡≈ß«—π§Õ° —μ«å¬—߇æ‘Ë¡μâπ∑ÿπ§à“„™â®à“¬„π

Õÿμ “À°√√¡°“√‡≈’Ȭ߂§‡π◊ÈÕ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°μâÕß„™â√–¬–‡«≈“„π

°“√‡≈’ȬߥŸ¬“«π“π¬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ ·≈–μâÕß„ÀâÕ“À“√ª√‘¡“≥¡“°¢÷Èπ

‡æ◊ËÕ„À≥â∂÷ßπÈ”Àπ—° ”À√—∫‡¢â“‚√ß¶à“ (Moon, 2009) ´÷Ëß

°“√∑’Ë®–ª√–‡¡‘𧫓¡‡ ’¬À“¬∑“߇»√…∞°‘®π—Èπ “¡“√∂

ª√–‡¡‘π‰¥â®“°°“√π—∫®”π«π‡©≈’ˬ¢Õß·¡≈ß«—π§Õ° —μ«å∑’Ëæ∫

∫√‘‡«≥¢“Àπâ“μ—Èß·μà 3 μ—«¢÷Èπ‰ª (Catangui et al., 1997)

·¡≈ß«—π§Õ° —μ«å¬—ß¡’§«“¡ “¡“√∂‡ªìπæ“À–π”‚√§·∫∫‡™‘ß°≈

(Mechanical transmission) ¢Õß‚√§μà“ßÊ ‰¥â·°à ‚√§ Surra

´÷Ë߇°‘¥®“°‡™◊ÈÕ‚ª√‚μ´—«™π‘¥ Trypanosoma evansi „π¡â“ ≈“

≈àÕ ·≈– ÿπ—¢ ‚√§ mal de caderus ®“°‡™◊ÈÕ‚ª√‚μ´—«™π‘¥

T. equinum „π —μ«åμ√–°Ÿ≈¡â“ ‚§ ·æ– ·≈–·°– ‚√§ nagana

∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°‡™◊ÈÕ T. brucei ·≈– T. vivax „π‚§ ·æ– ·°– ·≈–¡â“

‚√§ Õπ“æ“ ‚¡ ‘́  (Anaplasmosis) ∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°‡™◊ÈÕ√‘°‡°μ‡´’¬

™π‘¥ Anaplasma maginale „π‚§ Õ’°∑—È߬—ß “¡“√∂‡ªìπæ“À–

π”‚√§∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°‡™◊ÈÕ‰«√—  ‰¥â·°à Bovine leukosis virus (BLV)

·≈– Equine infectious anemia virus (EIA) (Williams, 2009;

Baldacchino et al., 2013) πÕ°®“°π’Ȭ—ßæ∫«à“ “¡“√∂‡ªìπ

‚Œ μå°÷Ëß°≈“ߢÕß欓∏‘μ—«°≈¡™π‘¥ Habronema microstoma

´÷Ëßæ∫‰¥â„π°√–‡æ“–Õ“À“√¢Õß¡â“Õ’°¥â«¬ (Moon, 2009)

·¡≈ß«—π§Õ° —μ«å¬—ß “¡“√∂ √â“ߧ«“¡√∫°«π„Àâ°—∫¡πÿ…¬å

‡¡◊ËÕ‰¡à¡’‚Œ μå∑’ˇªìπ —μ«åÕ¬Ÿà„πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë (Zumpt, 1973)

ªí®®ÿ∫—π∂÷ß·¡â®–¡’°“√√“¬ß“π∂÷ß™π‘¥ ·≈–°“√°√–®“¬

μ—«¢Õß·¡≈ß«—π§Õ° —μ«å„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ·μà¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ à«π„À≠à

¬—ߧ߇ªìπ°“√»÷°…“„π à«π¢Õß —μ«åª»ÿ —μ«å·≈–∫√‘‡«≥∑’ˇªìπ

æ◊Èπ∑’ËÕπÿ√—°…å (Muenworn et al., 2010; Changbunjong et al.,

2012) ¢≥–∑’Ë„πæ◊Èπ∑’ËÕ◊ËπÊ ‡™àπ¿“¬„π ∂“∫—π°“√»÷°…“∑’Ë¡’

°“√‡≈’È¬ß °“√√—°…“ °“√∫√‘°“√μ√«®«‘π‘®©—¬·≈–∫”∫—¥‚√§ —μ«å

¬—ߧ߇ªìπæ◊Èπ∑’Ë∑’Ë¡’§«“¡ ”§—≠ ”À√—∫°“√‡ªìπ·À≈à߇擖æ—π∏ÿå

·≈–·æ√à°√–®“¬¢Õß·¡≈ß«—π§Õ° —μ«å¥—ß°≈à“« ¥—ßπ—Èπ °“√

»÷°…“§√—Èßπ’È®÷߉¥â∑”°“√ ”√«®À“™π‘¥ ®”π«πª√–™“°√ ·≈–

™à«ß‡«≈“∑’Ëæ∫·¡≈ß«—π Ÿß ÿ¥ √«¡∑—Èß»÷°…“∂÷ß≈—°…≥–∑“ß

 —≥∞“π«‘∑¬“¢Õß·¡≈ß«—π§Õ° —μ«å „πæ◊Èπ∑’˧հ¡â“¢Õß

§≥– —μ«·æ∑¬»“ μ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¡À‘¥≈ ‡æ◊ËÕ®–„™â‡ªìπ¢âÕ

¡Ÿ≈≈”À√—∫°“√ªÑÕß°—π ·≈–§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§∑’ËÕ“®‡°‘¥®“°æ“À–

‡À≈à“π’È„πæ◊Èπ∑’ˉ¥â

Õÿª°√≥å·≈–«‘∏’°“√«‘®—¬

æ◊Èπ∑’Ë»÷°…“

∫√‘‡«≥§Õ°¡â“¢Õߧ≥– —μ«·æ∑¬»“ μ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬

¡À‘¥≈ ®.π§√ª∞¡ ‚¥¬æ◊Èπ∑’ˉ¥â®—¥®”·π°ÕÕ°‡ªìπ à«πμà“ßÊ

‰¥â·°à §Õ°¡â“  π“¡Àπⓧհ  ∂“π∑’ËÕ“∫πÈ”¡â“  π“¡¢’Ë¡â“

·≈– π“¡À≠â“ (√Ÿª∑’Ë 1) ´÷Ëßæ◊Èπ∑’Ë¥—ß°≈à“«‰¥â„™â ”À√—∫‡≈’Ȭß

¡â“∑’ˇ¢â“√—∫∑”°“√°“√√—°…“®“°§≈‘π‘°¡â“ ¢Õß‚√ß欓∫“≈ —μ«å

§≥– —μ«·æ∑¬»“ μ√å ¡.¡À‘¥≈ ¡â“∑’Ë„™â ”À√—∫°“√‡√’¬π

°“√ Õπ ·≈–¡â“ ”À√—∫„™âΩñ°¢’Ë∑—Ë«‰ª ¥—ßπ—Èπ æ◊Èπ∑’Ëπ’È®÷ß¡’

§«“¡ ”§—≠∑’Ë®–‡ªìπ·À≈à߇擖æ—π∏ÿå ·≈–·æ√à°√–®“¬¢Õß

·¡≈ß«—π§Õ° —μ«å‰¥â

46 Journal of Applied Animal Science Vol.7 No.1 January-April 2014

°“√‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß·¡≈ß

¥”‡π‘π°“√‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß·¡≈ß«—π§Õ° —μ«å‚¥¬„™â°—∫¥—°

Vavoua (√Ÿª∑’Ë 2) ÷́Ëß∑”®“°·∂∫ºâ“ ’πÈ”‡ß‘π ·≈– ’¥” ‡¬Á∫μ‘¥

°—∫ºâ“¡ÿâß (Laveissiere and Grebaut, 1990) ®”π«π 5 Õ—π

 ÿà¡μ—Èß∫√‘‡«≥æ◊Èπ∑’Ë π“¡¢Õߧհ¡â“‚¥¬‡«âπ™à«ß√–¬–Àà“ß

√–À«à“ß°—∫¥—°æÕª√–¡“≥ ‡√‘Ë¡μ—Èß°—∫¥—°μ—Èß·μà‡«≈“ 06.00 ∂÷ß

18.00 π. ‡ªìπ√–¬–‡«≈“ 2 «—πμàÕ‡π◊ËÕß°—π „π™à«ß‡¥◊Õπ

°√°Æ“§¡∂÷ß ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2556 ∑”°“√‡°Á∫·¡≈ß„π°—∫¥—°∑ÿ°Ê

2 ™—Ë«‚¡ß‡æ◊ËÕ»÷°…“°‘®°√√¡„π√Õ∫«—π¢Õß·¡≈ß ‚¥¬‡©æ“–

°‘®°√√¡°“√ÕÕ°À“°‘π (diurnal feeding activity) æ√âÕ¡

∑—Èß®¥∫—π∑÷°Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘·≈–§«“¡™◊Èπ¢≥–∑”°“√‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß

®“°π—Èππ”μ—«Õ¬à“ß∑’ˇ°Á∫‰¥â¡“¬—ßÀâÕߪؑ∫—μ‘°“√Àπ૬«‘®—¬‚√§

∑’Ëπ”‚¥¬æ“À– »Ÿπ¬å‡ΩÑ“√–«—ß·≈–μ‘¥μ“¡‚√§®“° —μ«åªÉ“  —μ«å

μà“ß∂‘Ëπ ·≈– —μ«åÕæ¬æ §≥– —μ«·æ∑¬»“ μ√å ¡.¡À‘¥≈

‡æ◊ËÕ∑”°“√®”·π°™π‘¥

√Ÿª∑’Ë 2 · ¥ß°—∫¥—° Vavoua  ”À√—∫®—∫·¡≈ß«—π§Õ° —μ«å

√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 · ¥ßæ◊Èπ∑’˧հ¡â“¢Õߧ≥– —μ«·æ∑¬»“ μ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¡À‘¥≈

Journal of Applied Animal Science Vol.7 No.1 January-April 2014 47

°“√®”·π°™π‘¥

μ—«Õ¬à“ß·¡≈ß«—π§Õ° —μ«å∑—ÈßÀ¡¥∑’Ë∂Ÿ°®—∫‰¥âπ”¡“

®”·π°™π‘¥‚¥¬„™âÀπ—ß ◊Õ§Ÿà¡◊Õ°“√®”·π°™π‘¥¢Õß Tumrasvin

·≈– Shinonaga (1978) ·≈– Zumpt (1973) ¿“¬„μâ°≈âÕß

 ‡μÕ√‘‚Õ‰¡‚§√ ‚§ª

º≈°“√«‘®—¬

°“√»÷°…“§√—Èßπ’Èæ∫·¡≈ß«—π§Õ° —μ«å√«¡∑—Èß ‘Èπ 976

μ—« ‡ªìπ‡æ»ºŸâ 775 μ—« (√âÕ¬≈– 79.4) ·≈–‡æ»‡¡’¬ 201 μ—«

(√âÕ¬≈– 20.6) ®”·π°‰¥â∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ 2 ™π‘¥ ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬

Stomoxys calcitrans (√âÕ¬≈– 97.75) ·≈– Stomoxys indicus

(√âÕ¬≈– 2.25) (μ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 √Ÿª∑’Ë 3) ™à«ß‡«≈“∑’Ëæ∫°‘®°√√¡

°“√ÕÕ°À“°‘π¢Õß·¡≈ß«—π§Õ° —μ«å Ÿß ÿ¥· ¥ß„π√Ÿª∑’Ë 4

‚¥¬‡æ»ºŸâ¢Õß S. calcitrans æ∫°‘®°√√¡°“√ÕÕ°À“°‘π Ÿß

∑’Ë ÿ¥ §◊Õ ™à«ß‡™â“ (08.00-10.00 π.) ·≈–™à«ß∫à“¬ (14.00-

16.00 π.) ¢≥–∑’ˇ滇¡’¬®–æ∫«à“‰¡à·μ°μà“ß°—π„π·μà≈–™à«ß

‡«≈“¢Õß«—π  ”À√—∫ S. indicus ∑—Èß Õ߇æ»æ∫°‘®°√√¡°“√

ÕÕ°À“°‘π Ÿß∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ ™à«ß‡™â“μ√Ÿà (06.00 ∂÷ß 08.00 π.) ·≈–

™à«ßæ≈∫§Ë” (16.00 ∂÷ß 18.00 π.) º≈°“√»÷°…“≈—°…≥–∑“ß

 —≥∞“π«‘∑¬“¢Õß·¡≈ß«—π ‰¥â·°à §à“§«“¡¬“«¢Õß≈”μ—« (body

length) ·≈–§à“ frontal index · ¥ß„πμ“√“ß∑’Ë 2

√Ÿª∑’Ë 3 · ¥ß·¡≈ß«—π§Õ° —μ«å™π‘¥ Stomoxys calcitrans (√Ÿª´â“¬) ·≈– Stomoxys indicus (√Ÿª¢«“) ®“°∫√‘‡«≥§Õ°¡â“

§≥– —μ«·æ∑¬»“ μ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¡À‘¥≈

μ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 · ¥ß®”π«π¢Õß·¡≈ß«—π§Õ° —μ«å Stomoxys spp. ∑’ˇ°Á∫‰¥â∫√‘‡«≥§Õ°¡â“ §≥– —μ«·æ∑¬»“ μ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¡À‘¥≈

®”π«π¢Õß·¡≈ß

™π‘¥ ‡æ»ºŸâ ‡æ»‡¡’¬ √«¡ (√âÕ¬≈–)

Stomoxys calcitrans 767 187 954 (97.75%)

Stomoxys indicus 8 14 22 (2.25%)

√«¡ 775 201 976 (100%)

48 Journal of Applied Animal Science Vol.7 No.1 January-April 2014

√Ÿª∑’Ë 4 · ¥ß§à“‡©≈’ˬ®”π«π·¡≈ß«—π§Õ° —μ«å/°—∫¥—°/«—π ¢Õß Stomoxys calcitrans (SC) ·≈– Stomoxys indicus (SI) ∑’ˇ°Á∫‰¥â

„π√Õ∫«—πμ—Èß·μà 06.00 ∂÷ß 18.00 π. ∫√‘‡«≥§Õ°¡â“ §≥– —μ«·æ∑¬»“ μ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¡À‘¥≈

Journal of Applied Animal Science Vol.7 No.1 January-April 2014 49

Õ¿‘ª√“¬º≈°“√«‘®—¬

®“°°“√»÷°…“∂÷ߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈™π‘¥ ®”π«πª√–™“°√ ™à«ß

‡«≈“ÕÕ°À“°‘π ·≈–≈—°…≥–∑“ß —≥∞“π«‘∑¬“¢Õß·¡≈ß«—π

§Õ° —μ«å „πæ◊Èπ∑’˧հ¡â“¢Õߧ≥– —μ«·æ∑¬»“ μ√å ¡.¡À‘¥≈

‚¥¬„™â°—∫¥—° Vavoua „π°“√¥—°®—∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß·¡≈ß«—π ·¡≈ß

¥—ß°≈à“« ®–μâÕß¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—μ‘„π°“√ÕÕ°À“°‘π„π‡«≈“°≈“ß«—π

°—∫¥—°™π‘¥π’È¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ Ÿß„π°“√¥—°®—∫·¡≈ß«—π„π °ÿ≈

Stomoxys spp. ·≈–·¡≈ß«—π„π‡À≈à“ Stomoxyini Õ’°À≈“¬™π‘¥

(Mihok et al., 1995; Muenworn et al., 2010; Changbunjong

2012) Õ’°∑—È߬—ß¡’√“§“∂Ÿ°·≈–ßà“¬ ”À√—∫°“√„™âß“π (Mihok

et al., 1995) Õ¬à“߉√°Áμ“¡°—∫¥—°™π‘¥Õ◊ËπÊ ‡™àπ ¥—°· ß‰ø

CDC (CDC light trap) ¡’√“¬ß“π«à“ “¡“√∂®—∫·¡≈ß«—π™π‘¥

Stygeromyia maculosa ‰¥â„π™à«ß‡«≈“°≈“ߧ◊π (Muller et al.,

2011) ¢≥–∑’Ë«‘∏’°“√Õ◊ËπÊ ‡™àπ °“√„™â «‘ß‚©∫ (sweep net)

°Á¬—ß¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“楒 ·≈–‡ªìπ«‘∏’∑’Ë√«¥‡√Á« ”À√—∫®—∫·¡≈ß«—π

∑’Ëæ∫∫√‘‡«≥æ◊Èπ∑’ˇ°“–æ—° ‰¥â·°à ∫√‘‡«≥ºπ—ߧհ À√◊Õμ“¡

«—™æ◊™μà“ßÊ ‡ªìπμâπ Õ¬à“߉√°Áμ“¡«‘∏’π’ÈÕ“®®–∑”„À⇰‘¥§«“¡

‡ ’¬À“¬·°àμ—«Õ¬à“ß·¡≈ß ‡™àπ ≈—°…≥–‚§√ß √â“ߢÕߪﰉ¥â

°“√»÷°…“π’ȉ¥â√“¬ß“π∂÷ß™π‘¥¢Õß·¡≈ß«—π§Õ° —μ«å∑’Ë

 “¡“√∂æ∫‰¥â„π ∂“π»÷°…“∑’Ë¡’°“√‡≈’È¬ß ·≈–μ√«®√—°…“ —μ«å

‚¥¬·¡≈ß«—π§Õ° —μ«å∑’Ëæ∫ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬™π‘¥ S. calcitrans ·≈–

S. indicus ∑—Èß Õß™π‘¥®”·π°®“°°—π‚¥¬Õ“»—¬≈—°…≥– ’·≈–

≈«¥≈“¬ (pattern) ¢Õß≈”μ—«  ’¢Õߢ“ √«¡∑—ÈßÕ—μ√“ à«π§«“¡

°«â“ߢÕß à«πÀπâ“ ·¡≈ß«—π§Õ° —μ«å¥—ß°≈à“«¡’√“¬ß“πæ∫‰¥â

∑—Ë«‰ª„πø“√塪»ÿ —μ«å„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ (Muenworn et al., 2010;

Keawrayub et al., 2012, Changbunjong et al., 2012)

S. calcitrans ‡ªìπ™π‘¥∑’Ëæ∫¡’®”π«πª√–™“°√¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°

∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ëμ—Èß°—∫¥—°¡’¡â“´÷Ëß®—¥«à“‡ªìπ‚Œ μå∑’Ë ”§—≠¢Õß·¡≈ß«—π

™π‘¥π’È·≈–æ◊Èπ∑’Ë∫√‘‡«≥§Õ°¡’°“√ – ¡¢ÕßÕ‘π∑√’¬å “√∑’Ë

 “¡“√∂‡ªìπ·À≈à߇擖æ—π∏ÿå¢Õß·¡≈ß«—π‰¥â‡ªìπÕ¬à“ߥ’ ‡™àπ

‡»…ø“ß À√◊Õ·°≈∫∑’Ë∑—∫∂¡∫√‘‡«≥æ◊Èπ§Õ° ¢≥–∑’Ë S. indicus

¡’√“¬ß“πæ∫‰¥â‡ªìπª°μ‘„π‚§ ·≈– “¡“√∂æ∫μ—«ÕàÕπ‰¥â∑—Èß„π

Õÿ®®“√–¢Õß‚§·≈–¡â“ (Zumpt, 1973) ®“°°“√»÷°…“∂÷ß™π‘¥

·¡≈ß«—π§Õ° —μ«å∑’Ëæ∫„πø“√塪»ÿ —μ«å¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬¡’

√“¬ß“πæ∫∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ 5 ™π‘¥ ‚¥¬ S. calcitrans ‡ªìπ™π‘¥∑’Ëæ∫

®”π«π¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ √Õß≈ß¡“ ‰¥â·°à S. indicus ¢≥–∑’Ë S. sitiens

S. uruma ·≈– S. bengalensis  “¡“√∂æ∫‰¥â„πª√‘¡“≥πâÕ¬

(Phasuk et al., 2013, Keawrayub et al., 2012) ÷́Ëß

 Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫°“√»÷°…“„π§√—Èßπ’È∑’ËÕ“®®–‰¡àæ∫·¡≈ß«—π§Õ°

 —μ«å 3 ™π‘¥¥—ß°≈à“« πÕ°®“°π’Èæ◊Èπ∑’˧հ¡â“¢Õߧ≥– —μ«

·æ∑¬»“ μ√å ¡.¡À‘¥≈ ¬—߇ªìπæ◊Èπ∑’Ë∑’Ë¡’§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬¢Õß

·À≈àß∑’ËÕ¬ŸàÕ“»—¬ (habitat) πâÕ¬®÷ßÕ“® àߺ≈μàÕ§«“¡À≈“°

™π‘¥¢Õß·¡≈ß«—π‰¥â ®“°°“√»÷°…“§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬™π‘¥¢Õß

·¡≈ß«—π§Õ° —μ«å„π‡À≈à“ Stomoxyini ¢Õß Changbunjong

et al (2012) æ∫«à“ø“√塪»ÿ —μ«å®–¡’§«“¡À≈“°™π‘¥¢Õß

·¡≈ß«—π§Õ° —μ«å¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ √Õß≈ß¡“ ‰¥â·°à æ◊Èπ∑’ËÕÿ∑¬“π·Ààß

™“μ‘ æ◊Èπ∑’ËÕπÿ√—°…åæ—π∏ÿå —μ«åªÉ“ ·≈– «π —μ«å μ“¡≈”¥—∫ ¢≥–

∑’Ë·¡≈ß«—π§Õ° —μ«å∫“ß™π‘¥ ‰¥â·°à S. pullus ·≈– S. uruma

æ∫«à“Õ“®¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫ —μ«åªÉ“„π·À≈àß∏√√¡™“μ‘

(Changbunjong et al., 2013)

®“°°“√»÷°…“°‘®°√√¡„π√Õ∫«—π¢Õß S. calcitrans æ∫

«à“™à«ß‡«≈“∑’Ëæ∫°‘®°√√¡°“√ÕÕ°À“°‘π¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ ”À√—∫‡æ»ºŸâ

§◊Õ ™à«ß‡™â“ (08.00 π.∂÷ß 10.00 π.) ·≈–™à«ß∫à“¬ (14.00 π.

∂÷ß 16.00 π.) ¢≥–∑’Ë„π‡æ»‡¡’¬®–æ∫°‘®°√√¡°“√ÕÕ°À“°‘π

‰¡à·μ°μà“ß°—π„π·μà≈–™à«ß‡«≈“¢Õß«—π ´÷Ëß Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫°“√

»÷°…“¢Õß Muenworn et al (2010) ∑’ˉ¥â√“¬ß“π∂÷ß°‘®°√√¡

μ“√“ß∑’Ë 2 · ¥ß≈—°…≥–∑“ß —≥∞“π«‘∑¬“¢Õß Stomoxys spp. ∑’ˇ°Á∫‰¥â∫√‘‡«≥§Õ°¡â“ §≥– —μ«·æ∑¬»“ μ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¡À‘¥≈

≈—°…≥–∑“ß —≥∞“π«‘∑¬“ S. calcitrans S. indicus

(¡‘≈≈‘‡¡μ√) ‡æ»ºŸâ (n=30) ‡æ»‡¡’¬ (n=30) ‡æ»ºŸâ (n=8) ‡æ»‡¡’¬ (n=14)

§«“¡°«â“ߢÕßÀπâ“ 0.52 ± 0.03 0.74 ± 0.18 0.20 ± 0.02 0.54 ± 0.03

§«“¡¬“«¢Õßμ“ 1.42 ± 0.17 1.46 ± 0.37 1.19 ± 0.14 1.13 ± 0.08

Frontal index* 0.37 ± 0.04 0.55 ± 0.03 0.17 ± 0. 02 0.48 ± 0.03

§«“¡¬“«¢Õß≈”μ—« 5.63 ± 0.39 5.54 ± 0.32 5.01 ± 0.22 5.17 ± 0.37

*Frontal index = §«“¡°«â“ߢÕßÀπâ“ (frons length) / §«“¡¬“«¢Õßμ“ (eye length)

50 Journal of Applied Animal Science Vol.7 No.1 January-April 2014

°“√ÕÕ°À“°‘π¢Õß S. calcitrans „πø“√å¡‚§π¡ ®—ßÀ«—¥ √–∫ÿ√’

·≈–∫√‘‡«≥ «π —μ«å‡ªî¥‡¢“‡¢’¬« ®—ßÀ«—¥ √–∫ÿ√’ „π™à«ß‡«≈“

μ—Èß·μà 06.00 π.®π∂÷߇«≈“ 18.00 π. ¢≥–∑’Ë™à«ß‡«≈“∑’Ëæ∫

°‘®°√√¡°“√ÕÕ°À“°‘π¢Õß S. indicus ®“°°“√»÷°…“§√—Èßπ’È∑—Èß

„π‡æ»ºŸâ·≈–‡æ»‡¡’¬ “¡“√∂æ∫ 2 ™à«ß‡«≈“ ‰¥â·°à ™à«ß‡™â“μ√Ÿà

(06.00 π. ∂÷ß 08.00 π.) ·≈–™à«ßæ≈∫§Ë” (16.00 π. ∂÷ß

18.00 π.) ́ ÷Ëß Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫°“√»÷°…“¢Õß Masmeatathip et al

(2006) ·≈– Keawrayub et al (2012) ¥—ßπ—Èπ°‘®°√√¡°“√

ÕÕ°À“°‘π¢Õß·¡≈ß«—π∑—Èß Õß™π‘¥¥—ß°≈à“«πà“®–¢÷Èπ°—∫

‡«≈“„π™à«ß«—π πÕ°®“°π’È ¿“æÕ“°“»‰¥â·°à Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘·≈–

§«“¡™◊Èπ¬—ßæ∫«à“¡’º≈μàÕ°‘®°√√¡°“√ÕÕ°À“°‘π¢Õß·¡≈ß«—π

§Õ° —μ«åÕ’°¥â«¬ (Berry and Campbell, 1985)

®“°º≈°“√»÷°…“≈—°…≥–∑“ß —≥∞“π«‘∑¬“¢Õß·¡≈ß«—π

‰¥â·°à §à“ frontal index ·≈–§à“§«“¡¬“«¢Õß≈”μ—«

æ∫«à“§à“¥—ß°≈à“«¢Õß S. calcitrans ∑—Èß Õ߇æ»Õ¬Ÿà„π™à«ß§à“

Õâ“ßՑߢÕß·¡≈ß«—π§Õ° —μ«å∑’Ë√“¬ß“π‚¥¬ Zumpt (1973) ¢≥–

∑’Ë S. indicus ∑—Èß Õ߇满’§à“ frontal index  Ÿß°«à“§à“Õâ“ßÕ‘ß

Õ¬Ÿà‡≈Á°πâÕ¬ ´÷Ëß Zumpt (1973) · ¥ß§à“ frontal index ¢Õß

‡æ»ºŸâ·≈–‡æ»‡¡’¬¢Õß S. calcitrans Õ¬Ÿà„π™à«ß 0.37-0.40

¡‘≈≈‘‡¡μ√·≈– 0.5-0.6 ¡‘≈≈‘‡¡μ√ μ“¡≈”¥—∫  à«π‡æ»ºŸâ·≈–

‡æ»‡¡’¬¢Õß S. indicus ¡’§à“ frontal index Õ¬Ÿà„π™à«ß 0.11-

0.16 ¡‘≈≈‘‡¡μ√·≈– 0.37-0.43 ¡‘≈≈‘‡¡μ√ μ“¡≈”¥—∫  ”À√—∫

§à“§«“¡¬“«≈”μ—«¢Õß S. calcitrans ·≈– S. indicus Õ¬Ÿà„π™à«ß

4-7 ¡‘≈≈‘‡¡μ√·≈– 4-6 ¡‘≈≈‘‡¡μ√ μ“¡≈”¥—∫ ÷́Ëß®“°≈—°…≥–

∑“ß —≥∞“π«‘∑¬“ “¡“√∂𔉪„™â„π°“√®”·π°™π‘¥¢Õß

·¡≈ß«—π§Õ° —μ«å∑’Ë¡’√Ÿª√à“ß ·≈–≈—°…≥–∑’˧≈⓬°—𠇙àπ

S. calcitrans ·≈– S. sitiens ‡ªìπμâπ

°“√»÷°…“π’ȇªìπ°“√√“¬ß“π™π‘¥ ®”π«πª√–™“°√

·≈–™à«ß‡«≈“∑’Ëæ∫·¡≈ß«—π Ÿß ÿ¥ √«¡∑—Èß„Àâ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∂÷ß≈—°…≥–

∑“ß —≥∞“π«‘∑¬“¢Õß·¡≈ß«—π§Õ° —μ«å „πæ◊Èπ∑’˧հ¡â“¢Õß

§≥– —μ«·æ∑¬»“ μ√å ¡.¡À‘¥≈  ”À√—∫°“√»÷°…“„π¢—ÈπμàÕ‰ª

§«√∑”°“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫®”π«πª√–™“°√·≈–°‘®°√√¡°“√ÕÕ°

À“°‘π¢Õß·¡≈ß«—π§Õ° —μ«å„π·μàƒ¥Ÿ°“≈ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°®–∑”„Àâ

∑√“∫∂÷ߧ«“¡º—π·ª√¢Õß¿Ÿ¡‘Õ“°“»μàÕ·¡≈ß«—π¥—ß°≈à“«

´÷Ëߺ≈®“°°“√»÷°…“„π§√—Èßπ’È “¡“√∂„™â‡ªìπ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡∫◊ÈÕßμâπ

≈”À√—∫°“√ªÑÕß°—π·≈–§«∫§ÿ¡·¡≈ßæ“À–‡À≈à“π’È„πæ◊Èπ∑’ˉ¥â

‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß

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