4 - Copy

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ΣΥΝΤΟΝΙΣΜΟΣ ή ΜΕΣΟΜΕΡΕΙΑ S O O S O O ∆ομές συντονισμού S O O

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4 - Copy

Transcript of 4 - Copy

  • S

    OO

    S

    OO

    SO O

  • + - Cl

    =r

  • (Valence- Shell

    Electron- Pair Repulsion VSEPR)

  • (Valence- Shell

    Electron- Pair Repulsion VSEPR)

    . , : 2 > 1 1 > 2 . (distortion)

    109,28 109,28

  • (Valence- Shell

    Electron- Pair Repulsion VSEPR)

    102,300107,480

    , . .

  • VSEPR n ( ) ( ), .

  • VSEPR Em , = , =, = , = (), m=

    2

    3

    4

    5

    6

    .

  • VSEPR

    Lewis

    ( )

    ,

    ,

    , trans

    .

  • VSEPR

    1. BeCl2

    Cl Be Cl :

    2. SF6

    SF FFF

    F F

    :

  • VSEPR

    3. NO2-

    NO

    ON

    O

    O

    ( ):

    ( ):

  • VSEPR

    4. PCl3F2

    :

  • VSEPR

    :

    4. H2CO

  • , ;

    .

    , , .

  • 1. H . .

    E-E: 125-505 kJ/mol, E=E: 420-710 kJ/mol, EE: 800-1090 kJ/mol

    2. . .

    HCl 127pm 431 kJ/mol HBr 141 pm 366 kJ/mol .

    3. . .

    HCl 431 kJ/mol HBr 366 kJ/mol

  • 1.

    H-F < H-Cl < H-Br < H-I

    2. H .

    H-F < H-Cl < H-Br < H-I

    3. .

    E-E > E=E > EE

  • 1. .

    ) AsH3, NH3, PH3, ) 2, Cl22. ;

    SnCl2, PF3, CO32-, ClF3, ICl4-.

    .

    3. 2 H2S. ; .

  • 2 Lewis 2 , .

    1s.

  • 2

  • 2

  • 1. -

    s-p

    s-s p-p

  • 2. -

    p-p

  • HFH 1s1 F 1s22s22p5

    1s 2p

  • 2H 1s22s22p3

    2p

  • CH4;

    CH4 C-H .

    H C 1s22s22p2

    C ()

  • CH4;

    2s 2p C 1s22s12p3 ()

    C 4 4 () .

    CH4 2s 2p 1s .

    .

  • CH4;

    1931 Pauling .

    . , , , .

    CH4 2s (1 ) 2p (3 ) sp3.

  • CH4;

    sp3 , , 109,5 0 ().

    4 CH4 1s sp3 C.

    4 CH4 .

  • CH4;

  • CH4;

    2s 2p C

  • BF3;

    , , 1200.

    1s22s22p1 F 1s22s22p5

  • BF3;

    2s 2p sp2

  • BF3;

  • BeF2;

    1800.

    e 1s22s1 F 1s22s22p5

  • BeF2;

    2s 2p sp

  • BeF2;

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