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Editorial

1:

LEO STRAUSS,

2:

HANNAH ARENDT

:

CARL SCHMITT:

-

3:

K , : ,

4:

Peter Singer

11

31

41

49

57

71

79

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[ 7 ]

editorialConatus .

Conatus . Conatus , , .

- Conatus, . Conatus . , , - , - .

Conatus, , . - , , - . - , , , , , .

, , . , , -, , , , . , , , -, . , , - , , Conatus, - .

1

[ 11 ]

LEO STRAUSS TA T

: , , . , Spengler o , , , , 1000 . , , . , Spengler . . , , . -.

, , - , , . , , , , . , - , , , , . , . , : -, , , , -. , . , , , ,

1 ...: L. Strauss, The Three Waves of Modernity, Political Philosophy: Six Essays, ed. Hilail Gildin, Pegasus-Bobbs-Merrill, 1975.

2 ...: . O. Spengler, Der Untergang des Abendlandes: Umrisse einer Morphologie der Weltgeschichte, C.H.Beck, Mnchen 1920.

1 Leo Strauss

: : -

[ 12 ]

LEO STRAUSS TA T

. , , , , . -, , , , , , , , .

, , - . : , , - ; , , - : , , . , , -, , .

, , ; , : - (other-wordly) - (this-wordly). -: , , , - . , : - . . , , . , - . , , o Hobbes , . , , - - . , , , , , . , - . , , : . , - . , . , , , .

[ 13 ]

LEO STRAUSS TA T

, , , ; - . , . : , , . , , ; - , , , - . - -, , , , , . , , , . -, - , - . , , , -; : Hobbes. , Hobbes , , , , Machiavelli. Machiavelli, , , Hobbes, - . , , Hobbes, , Hobbes.3

Machiavelli . : O Machiavelli Machiavelli , , , -

3 ...: Machiavelli - : - , - , , , - , [] []. . Machiavelli, , : : Niccolo Machiavelli, . . , . , 1984, . 285. Hobbes, , . Th. Hobbes, , , . . , . , . , 2006, . 751.

[ 14 ]

LEO STRAUSS TA T

, .4 Machiavelli - . , , (, , ). Machiavelli : (fortuna) , , .5 , , , , , , , , - , 6 -. , , , .7 , , : - , . , , , , , , , - , . Machiavelli - , , , , ,

4 ...: , Strauss o Machiavelli . . . Machiavelli, , : : Niccolo Machiavelli, . . , . , 1984, . 266-267.

5 ...: force , , . -: [] , , . . Machiavelli, , .., . 274. , , . , , . .

6 ...: , , fortuna, . , felicitas (fortuna) (virtus). fortuna-virtus, virtus fortuna. fortuna , ( ) , civitas terrena, - civitas Dei. , , ( , , -), : Dum leuibus male fida bonis fortuna faueret/ Paene caput tristis merserat hora meum/ Nunc quia fallacem /mutauit nubila uultum/ Protrahit ingratas impia uita moras./ Quid me felicem totiens iactastis,amici? De Consolatione Philosophiae, I, i. , , fortuna , , , , , . B. J. Pocock, The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition, Princeton University Press, 1975, . 48.

7 ...: . , V, 473 d-e: [] , , , [] , , .

[ 15 ]

LEO STRAUSS TA T

, Machiavelli : , -, , , .8

Machiavelli -, , -, . , , , , - , , . , . , , -, . , . : : . : . , . () (). , , . , 9 . , - , -: , . .10

, -

8 ...: , , -. H (coruzzione) - , - , . . . Machiavelli, , .., XVIII, . 331-335.

9 ...: , Machiavelli, , , - . . , 1103a 23-26. , , , , , , .

10 ...: , , , , , . , . , , 127-128.

[ 16 ]

LEO STRAUSS TA T

, , , , -. , : : . -, , .11 , , - . , .

Machiavelli . : - (),12 , , - - , . . H . , , , , , -. , , . - , - , .13 , , , , - , , , . ) , , ) . Hobbes : , , , .14 -

11 ...: .12 ...: , .

. . Us. 523. , , , . . , Sententiae Vaticanae LVII.

13 ...: -, . . 15.

14 ...: Therefore when they come to be dissolved, not by external violence, but intestine disorder, the fault is not in men as they are the matter, but as they are the makers and orderers of them. Th. Hobbes, Leviathan or the Matter, Forme and Power of a Common-wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil, , p. 197. (. : Th. Hobbes, , .., XXIX, . 379).

[ 17 ]

LEO STRAUSS TA T

. , , , , , . , Kant, , , : , (, ) , ,15 - . , , , .16

Machiavelli, , . - 17 [ ], . ( -, , ) . , , , , , , , , : , , , , : (Bacon).18 , , , - , , . , , , , . -

15 ...: Das Problem der Staatserrichtung ist, so hart wie es auch klingt, selbst fr ein Volk von Teufeln (wenn sie nur Verstand haben) [...] I. Kant, Zum ewigen Frieden: Ein Philosophischer Entwurf, Kant-W Bd. 11, . 224. [. - : I. Kant Immanuel, , , . , . , 1992, . 61. ( )].

16 ...: [...] eine gute Organisation des Staats ankommt (die allerdings im Vermgen der Menschen ist) [] .., . 223. (. , I. Kant, , .., . 61). , , , , , , , . (virt), , , , . Kant, , , .

17 ...: 1543 De revolutionibus orbium coelestium Kopernik De humani corporis fabrica Vesalius. , Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (1687). , - Galileo Galilei Dialogho sopra i due massimi sistemi del mondo, ptolemaico e copernicano (1632), , , .

18 ...: . F. Bacon, De Dignitate et Augmentis Scientiarum, Works of Bacon, Vol IV, ed. Brown and Taggard, Boston 1861, . 298.

[ 18 ]

LEO STRAUSS TA T

: propter potentiam,19 , , , - . , , : , , . , , , : , .20 , . 21

- , , , , . Machiavelli , . , : , . , , Hobbes. Hobbes : , , Hobbes , , - - ( , ). , Hobbes, - ,22 : ,

19 ...: Bacon , Meditationes Sacrae: Dei qum potestatis; vel putius ejus partis potestatis Dei, (nam et ipsa scientia potestas est) qua scit, quam ejus qua raovet et agit; ut praesciat quaedam otoise, quae non praedestinet et praordinet, F. Bacon, Meditationes Sacrae, Works of Bacon, Vol XIV, ed. Brown and Taggard, Boston 1861, . 94-95. Hobbes : Scientia potentia est, sed parva; quia scientia egregia rara est, nec proinde apparens nisi paucissimis, et in paucis rebus. Scientiae enim ea natura est, ut esse intelligi non possit, nisi ab illis qui sunt scientia praediti, Th. Hobbes, Leviathan, X, De Potentia, Dignitate et Honore. (. : Hobbes Thomas, ,.., . 158).

20 ...: , , Machiavelli, Hobbes. , -. , , . , , , , .

21 ...: , , . ,

22 ...: Hobbes : ( ) , -. . Th. Hobbes, .., . 277.

[ 19 ]

LEO STRAUSS TA T

Locke. , , , . , - .

Rousseau. O Rousseau - Machiavelli. Machiavelli, , , , . - .. . : , , , .23 Rousseau , , , -, . , - , , . Hobbes Hobbes : , .24 Rousseau , , - . -- (subhuman) - (prehuman) . - , , - , , : , , -

23 ...: Les anciens Politiques parloient sans cess de moeurs & de vertu; les ntres ne parlent que de commerce & dargent. . J.-J. Rousseau, Discours des Sciences et des Arts, in Collection Complte des Oeuvres, Genve, 1780-1789, vol. 7, . 43. (. : J.-J. Rousseau, , . . -, , 2012, . 54).

24 ...: Les philosophes qui ont examin les fondements de la socit ont tous senti la ncessit de remonter jusqu ltat de nature, mais aucun deux ny est arriv. . J.-J. Rousseau, Discours sur lorigine et les fondements de lingalit parmi les homes, in Collection complte des oeuvres, Genve, 1780-1789, vol. 1, . 44. (. -: J.-J. Rousseau, , . . -, . , . , 1999, . 76).

[ 20 ]

LEO STRAUSS TA T

. , - - , , .

, - ; , , - , --, -; : Rousseau , Hobbes, , , , . ; . : , , , , , , : - , - 25 , , , , - . , , , . - , : , , o Hobbes , , , . Rousseau - , , , - . , Rousseau ,

25 ...: , , - .

[ 21 ]

LEO STRAUSS TA T

, , , Kant Hegel, Rousseau. , - , , , , - , .26

; - ; : , , -, . Rousseau -, , - , , : - , - . , , , , . : 27 , , . , , , , . : . , , - , : , - , -

26 ...: Rousseau, - : . , , . , , - , . . J.-J. Rousseau, , . 142-146. , Rousseau .

27 ...: , , . Kant Immanuel, , . . , . , -- 1984, . 45. (Maxime) o Kant . . , . 44, . 53.

[ 22 ]

LEO STRAUSS TA T

. . .

Kant - , . - Rousseau, , , , Kant , . . Rousseau . - . ; . ; -.28 : , -, , , - , . , . , , , , , . . , , - . , , . . . ( , ) , - - , . , , , , , .

,

28 ...: Lhomme est n libre, et partout il est dans les fers [] Comment ce changement sest-il fait? Je lignore. Quest-ce qui peut le rendre lgitime? Je crois pouvoir rsoudre cette question. J.-J. Rousseau, Du Contrat Social ou Principes du droit politique, in Collection complte des oeuvres, Genve, 1780-1789, vol. 1, . 189-190. (. -: J.-J. Rousseau, , . . , . , . , 2004, . 48).

[ 23 ]

LEO STRAUSS TA T

. , , - . -, , 1800 . , Rousseau. . - , , Faust Goethe. O Faust - .29 , . , , , , : . , -, Faust -, Goethe Rousseau. Faust , - , Faust , , , , , . Faust , , Spengler, , . Spengler, , .30

Rousseau, Nietzsche. Rousseau , , , , , , , - - , . : , ,

29 ...: [] Ein guter Mensch, in seinem dunklen Drange/ ist sich des rechten Weges wohl bewut. W. Goethe, Faust, 3. 88-89. (. : [] / . W. Goethe, , . . , . , 1991, . 16).

30 ...: . O. Spengler, ..

[ 24 ]

LEO STRAUSS TA T

, , Rousseau, , , , , .

, , Nietzsche: . .31 Nietzsche Rousseau . , -, Rousseau Nietzsche Rousseau Nietzsche Rousseau Nietzsche . Nietzsche : , , . Hegel. Hegel, , , , - . , , saeculum, , , - , - , - . Hegel, , , , Hegel. , , Hegel, : , . - , , - , , . O Nietzsche . ,

31 ...: Alle Philosophen haben den gemeinsamen Fehler an sich, dass sie vom gegenwrtiger Menschen ausgehen und durch eine Analyse ans Ziel zu kommen meinen [] Mangel an historischem Sinn ist der Erbfehler aller Philosophen; Nietzsche Friedrich, Menschliches, Allzumenschlicehs: Ein Buch fr Freie Geister, Nietzsche Werke, Kritische Gesamtausgabe, Erster Band, Walter de Gruyter & Co, Berlin 1967, . 20. (. : F. Nietzsche, , , . . , . , 2011, . 40). , , , , : [] [] F. Nietzsche, , ( : Unzeitgemsse Betrachtungen, II: Vom Nutzen und Nachteil der Historie fr das Leben), . . , . , 2010, . 24.

[ 25 ]

LEO STRAUSS TA T

, , . , , - . , : , , . . , , , - - - , ,32 , ( ).

, , , - ; Nietzsche , . , , : , .33 , Nietzsche, . - , , . . Nietzsche , Hegel, , . , Nietzsche

32 ...: , Nietzsche : -, : - , []. . F. Nietzsche, , . . , . , 2001, . 31. , , , , - : , - . , , , , , , (- ). , . 31

33 ...: Wo ich Lebendiges fand, da fand ich Willen zur Macht F. Nietzsche, Also sprach Zarathustra: Ein Buch fr Alle und Keinen, Kritische Studicnausgab Herausgegeben, ed. Giorgio Colli und Mazzino Montinari, Band IV, Berlin 1967, . 147. (. : F. Nietzsche, , . . , . , 1958. .96).

[ 26 ]

LEO STRAUSS TA T

Marx. , Nietzsche Marx: Marx , Nietzsche - . Nietzsche: , , , , - (Over-man), - (Last-man). , , , , , , , , arx, - -. , Marx Nietzsche, , Marx Nietzsche, : .

Nietzsche. Nietzsche, , , Nietzsche, , . , , , , ; Nietzsche, , - , -, , . - , , , , Nietzsche , . , , . . , , .

, , : . -, . Rousseau , Nietzsche .

Nietzsche Marx. , Nietzsche . , . , Rousseau . , , Rousseau

[ 27 ]

LEO STRAUSS TA T

. , -

. , , . - , . , : . . , , -, . , , , , : .

2

[ 31 ]

KATE HANNAH ARENDT

Hannah Arendt, .2 -

,

, .3 , .4 , - . , , 5 , .

, , .6 - .7 .8 status .9 , , .

, persona, . - ,10

Hannah Arendt1

K Paris-Sorbonne (Paris IV)

1 , , , . .

2 H. Arendt, The Life of the Mind, Harcourt Inc., New York, San Diego, London 1978 (19711), . 19.3 . Arendt, , , 2008 (1958 ), . 75.4 . Arendt, The Life of the Mind, . 20.5 .., . 21.6 . Arendt, Imperialism, The Origins of Totalitarianism, The World Publishing Company, Cleveland and New York

1958 (19511), . 123-302, . 287.7 . Arendt, The Life of the Mind, . 19.8 . Arendt, Imperialism, The Origins of Totalitarianism, . 279.9 . Honig, Toward an Agonistic Feminism : Hannah Arendt and the Politics of Identity, B. Honig (.), Feminist

Interpretations of Hannah Arendt, The Pennsylvania State University Press, Pennsylvania 1995, . 135-166, . 155.10 H. Arendt, , . (.), , 2006 (19631 ),

. 143.

[ 32 ]

KATE HANNAH ARENDT

. , , -, , 11 . , , Arendt, , -; .

-persona, , , , .12 , , - .13 - , , - -. , , . , . -persona , , -, -, .14 , .15

, .

G.Anzalda, , .16 - . , 17 . 18 19 , 20 21 , , , .

11 ..12 . http://www.hannaharendtcenter.org/?p=8073, ( 10/06/2015). 13 H. Arendt, , . 144.14 , The Life of the Mind, . 45.15 , Imperialism, The Origins of Totalitarianism, . 291.16 D. Anzalda, Making Face, Making Soul. Haciendo Caras, Aunt Lute Books, San Francisco 1990, . xv,xxi.17 .., . xv.18 .., . 386.19 .., . xxii.20 S. Bickford, In the Presence of Others: Arendt and Anzalda on the Paradox of Public Appearance, . Honig

(.), Feminist Interpretations of Hannah Arendt, . 313-336, . 325. 21 D. Anzalda, Making Face, Making Soul, . 379.

[ 33 ]

KATE HANNAH ARENDT

, , , - .22 .

, , . Honig,23 Arendt, . 24 -, , . P. Birmingham25 , Arendt, :

[] , -- (inter-esse), . - inter homines esse ( ) inter-esse homines ( ). .

, , , . , , , .26 , -.27

(24/07/1963) G. Scholem28 , H. Arendt , . , ,29 . , . , - , .30

S.M.Okin 31 . - , ,32 . , -, ,33 ,34

22 .., . xv.23 . Honig, Toward an Agonistic Feminism : Hannah Arendt and the Politics of Identity, . 135.24 H. Arendt, The Life of the Mind, . 24.25 P. Birmingham, Hannah Arendt & Human Rights. The Predicament of Common Responsibility, Indiana University Press,

.. 2006, . 85.26 . Arendt, , ..27 , The Jewish Writings, Kohn, J., Feldman, R.H. (.), Schocken Books, New York 2007, . 466.28 ..29 . Arendt, Truth and Politis, P. Baehr (.), The Portable Hannah Arendt, Penguin Books, . 2000, . 545-

575, . 557.30 H , The Jewish Writings, ..31 S.M. Okin, Justice, genre et famille, Flammarion, Paris 2008, . 413.32 .., . 390.33 .., . 383.34 .., . 380.

[ 34 ]

KATE HANNAH ARENDT

.35 -. , ,36 , 37 . , , . , , :

[...] [...] , , , .38

, , S.M.Okin :

, [...] , .39

, , . S.M.Okin, , . - , . , , , Arendt .40

, Arendt, - , .41 S.M.Okin - , , - . , , - . , ,42 , , . -, [] , , Arendt.43

35 .., . 389.36 .., . 383.37 .., . 379.38 H.Arendt, , . (.), , 2009, . 163.39 S.M. Okin, Justice, genre et famille, . 404.40 S. Benhabib, Feminist Theory and Hannah Arendts Concept of Public Space, History of the human Sciences, Vol.

6, No. 2, 1993, . 99-114, . 104.41 . Arendt, The Jewish Writings, . 605.42 , , . 248.43 , , . 151.

[ 35 ]

KATE HANNAH ARENDT

. , , , - . , femini generis, in actu. . :

44 , , , . , , [...].45

, Arendt 1932. , - , , .46 , , .

, . . , - - .47 - , . , , R.Varnhagen .48 , . , .49

, , .50 H 51- - .52 H. Heine -

44 - .

45 . Arendt, Truth and Politics, . 557.46 . Arendt, Le problme de la femme dans le monde contemporain, Astrup A-S. (.) Les Cahiers du GRIF,

Numro 33, 1986, . 69-72, . 71. http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/grif_07706081_1986_num_33_1_1683.

47 . F. Collin, Praxis de la diffrence : Notes sur le tragique du sujet , Les Cahiers du GRIF, N. 46., 1992, . 125-141, . 132. 48 . Arendt, The Jewish Writings, . 279.49 M. Riot-Sarcey, & E. Varikas, Rflexions sur la notion d'exceptionnalit Les Cahiers du GRIF, N. 37-38, 1988,

. 77-89, . 82.50 . Arendt, The Jewish Writings, . 280.51 H. Arendt, , . 165.52 H. Arendt, Karl Jaspers: Citizen of the world?, Men in dark times, Harcourt, Braqe & World, nc., New York 1968,

. 81-94, . 81-2.

[ 36 ]

KATE HANNAH ARENDT

, Arendt.53

, - , 54. , - .55 , Arendt ,56 .57

, , .58 , - - , - . , Zerilli.59 , , - . - . , , , .

, , -60 . - - - . , , amor mundi.

, - Arendt, -, G.Gaus.61 , , , . , - . , ,

53 . Arendt, The Jewish Writings, . 285.54 H. Arendt, Karl Jaspers: Citizen of the world?, . 89. 55 ..56 L.M.G. Zerilli, The Arendtian Body, B.Honig (.), Feminist Interpretations of Hannah Arendt, .., . 167-194

, . 186.57 J. Cutting-Gray, Hannah Arendt, Feminism, and the Politics of Alterity: What Will We Lose If We Win?,

Hypatia, Vol. 8, No. 1 (Winter), 1993, . 35-54, . 42. 16-08-2015 http://www.jstor.org/stable/3810300.

58 J.B. Landes, Novus Ordo Seclorum: Gender and Public Space in Arendts Revolutionary France, Honig B. (.), Feminist Interpretations of Hannah Arendt, .., . 195-220, . 207.

59 L.M.G. Zerilli, The Arendtian Body, . 172.60 , , ,

. [...] (. Arendt, , . 148).

61 H. Arendt, What Remains? The Language Remains: A conversation with G. Gaus, P. Baehr (d.) The Portable Hannah Arendt Penguin Books, .. 2000, . 3-24, . 7. : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J9SyTEUi6KW.

[ 37 ]

KATE HANNAH ARENDT

Arendt . - .

, -, , ,62 , , . , , , .63 , Arendt , . , , 64 , , .65

I

, , - -. - , , - , , . - Arendt : , , ,66 .

, F. Collin -, , - ,67 . - . , , , .

. 68 - , - , , ,

62 J. B. Landes, Novus Ordo Seclorum: Gender and Public Space in Arendts Revolutionary France, . 209. 63 . Arendt, , . 176.64 ..65 . Arendt, Imperialism, . 296.66 .., . 302.67 F. Collin, Praxis de la diffrence : Notes sur le tragique du sujet , . 132.68 . Arendt, The Jewish Writings, . 28.

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KATE HANNAH ARENDT

: , , , .69

, - , in concert, ,70 71 . 72, - --, 73. , - , , , .74 , -. .

- , - -75 ,76 .77 parvenu, , - - . , , - .78 , , parvenue,79 - :80 - .

Arendt . , , , , 81 .82

, , , , P.Birmingham:

69 , Imperialism, . 301.70 . Honig, Toward an Agonistic Feminism : Hannah Arendt and the Politics of Identity, . 160.71 H. Arendt, , . 330.72 ..73 . Arendt, Imperialism, . 301.74 , Le problme de la femme dans le monde contemporain , . 71.75 , The Jewish Writings, . 286.76 .., . 74.77 . Arendt, Imperialism, . 287.78 H.F. Pitkin, Conformism, Housekeeping, and Attack of the Blob: The Origins of Hannah Arendts Concept of the

social, Honig B. (.), Feminist Interpretations of Hannah Arendt, .., . 51-80, . 62.79 M. Riot-Sarcey, & E. Varikas, Rflexions sur la notion d'exceptionnalit , . 87. 80 .., . 78.81 . Arendt, Le problme de la femme dans le monde contemporain , . 7182 . Young-Bruehl, J.Roman & E.Tassin (.) Hannah Arendt : Biographie. Pluriel, Paris 2011, . 123.83 P. Birmingham, Hannah Arendt & Human Rights. The Predicament of Common Responsibility, . 93.

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KATE HANNAH ARENDT

.83 , Arendt 84 , , , , .85

S.Parekh.86 , Arendt, , .87 , -, , , J.Kristeva,88 : . , , qui, - quid, Arendt: , ;.89

-, , , - , . , -- , . , , , , , , .

, , - , , - -, . , , , . :90 , . : , .

V

1964 Arendt .91 , , -.

84 .., . 73.85 .., . 76.86 S.Parekh, Bernasconi R. (.) Hannah Arendt and the Challenge of Modernity: A Phenomenology of Human Rights,

Routledge, .. 2008, . 39.87 . Arendt, Imperialism, . 301.88 J. Kristeva, Le gnie fminin, 1 ; Hannah Arendt, Gallimard, Paris 1999, .. 10.89 J. Cutting-Gray, Hannah Arendt, Feminism, and the Politics of Alterity, . 37.90 H. Arendt, What Remains? The Language Remains, . 17.91 .., . 19-20.

[ 40 ]

KATE HANNAH ARENDT

(, ) -, , .

, , U.Ludz . , , , - .92 Harvard , Arendt -.93 , , , : , .94

, , , .95 , , . , , . , , -,96 . , , , , .

92 U. Ludz, Hannah Arendt: Unabhangig weiblich., Du. Die Zeitschrift fur Kultur, no. 11, 1993, . 48-52, . 52. 93 . Young-Bruehl, J.Roman & E.Tassin (.) Hannah Arendt : Biographie, . 538.94 J. Cutting-Gray, Hannah Arendt, Feminism, and the Politics of Alterity, . 37.95 . Arendt, , , 1987, . 43.96 . Arendt, Imperialism, . 302.

[ 41 ]

:

Michel Foucault -, - , , . , Friedrich Nietzsche. , - ,1 Michel Foucault (, , ..). - .2 , - .

, , , . , , - , , , .3 , . , ,

: -

1 . , Michel Foucault: Y, , . (.), . , , 2008, . 216-217.

2 Michel Foucault, . , . , . , 2011, . 30-32.

3 . , .., . 218. . . Gary Gutting, : , . , / , 2006, . 98-100.

[ 42 ]

:

. , - , . , . - , .4 , , , - .

I. :

18 19, - . - M. Foucault 1840-, .5 - , , , , .6 , , , , . . , , . , , , , -.7

, . , , , . , - - .8 , .

4 M. Foucault, .., . 19, . 24-25. . . Barry Smart, Michel Foucault: , . (.), , , . . , , 2009, . 171.

5 M. Foucault, .., . 16. . . J.G. Merquior, Foucault, . , . , 2002, . 149.6 M. Foucault, .., . 53-57. . . , , . , . , 2007,

. 83. 7 .. . . M. Foucault, .., . 58-65. . . B. Smart, .., . 179-180. 8 .. . . M. Foucault, .., . 17, 68, 70-77.

[ 43 ]

:

- , , .9

, . , , , , , . , , .10 , , , , .11

, 1810, -, . - . , .12 , . , , .13 , , , .14

II.

19 -, , . , , . .15

9 G. Gutting, .., . 99. 10 M. Foucault, .., . 20-25.11 B. Smart, .., . 180-184. . . . , .., . 80-81. 12 M. Foucault, .., . 27-30.13 .., . 30-31.14 .., . 29.15 .., . 87-88. . . B. Smart, .., . 180.

[ 44 ]

:

, , , .16 , , . , . , - .17

, . . , .18 , . , , , , , - . , .19 , , . , , , . , , , - .20

, : - , , , , , , .21 , - -, , Michel Foucault.22 .

16 M. Foucault, .., . 95-99.17 .., . 100-104.18 G. Gutting, .., . 100. . . J.G. Merquior, .., . 154. . . M. Foucault, .., . 85-87.19 . , .., . 92-94.20 G. Gutting, .., . 101-102. . . . , .., . 84-85.21 M. Foucault, .., . 155-158.22 .., . 34-35.

[ 45 ]

:

II.

- , , , . , . , , . - ( ) -, , .23

Foucault, - , , . , , .24 , , , , - , , . , , , .25

-. -, , , - , . , .26

, . , - Foucault.27 , . , , , . , , -

23 M. Foucault, .., . 95-99.24 M. Foucault, .., . 156-157.25 Merquior, .., . 158.26 .., . 189-161.27 .., . 162-170.

[ 46 ]

:

-.28 , , .29 , , .

, - .30 , -, . .31 - Foucault . . - , . , , , , , , - . , , , - . 32

- , . , , - . , , . , , - , .33 - .34 , . , - .35 , , , , .

28 Merquior, .., . 157.29 M. Foucault, .., . 165-166.30 .., . 171.31 .., . 173.32 .., . 183.33 G. Gutting, .., . 102. . . . , .., . 90-92.34 M. Foucault, .., . 196-203.35 ,., . 223-258. . . G. Gutting, .., . 102-104.

[ 47 ]

:

, .36 . , - . , , - . -, . , , - . , - , .37 , , , , , , , .38

, . , , , .39 . , , , . , , . - , , . , - , .40

- -. , - , , - .

36 .., . 104-106. . . M. Foucault, .., . 203.37 .., . 205.38 .., . 206.39 .., . 211-221. . . Merquior, .., . 160-161.40 G. Gutting, .., . 106-107.

[ 48 ]

:

, , , , , , , , - , , , , , Foucault, , .41 .

Foucault , , , , , - , . - , , , .

, -, , - , , , .

41 Merquior, .., . 167-168.

[ 49 ]

CARL SCHMITT:

Carl Schmitt: M

: , Carl Schmitt - . -, Schmitt , . Schmitt , , , , , .

, , , . , , , -, - . ;

Carl Schmitt . , , Schmitt, .

I.

Schmitt , , . , -. , , - ,

[ 50 ]

CARL SCHMITT:

.1 , Schmitt, , , , salut public ( ).

, , , . , - (extremus necessitatis casus), .. - . , (, , - ), . , Schmitt .2

, (in toto) . , . : .3 : . , . Schmitt, , , .4 , ( Schmitt 48 - 1919, . , ).5

, Schmitt , , , . , , , .6 , -, -. . , , , -

1 Carl Schmitt, . , , , 1994, . 17-18.

2 .., . 19.3 .., . 27.4 .., . 23.5 .., . 27.6 .., . 28, 29.

[ 51 ]

CARL SCHMITT:

, , , . Schmitt, , .

( ) . .7 .8 , , . , - - , Schmitt : , - .9

.

, Schmitt Jean Bodin, - 16 . , . 18 , - . , , , : , , .10 - . , . , , , . - .

Schmitt , .

.

7 .., . 28.8 .., . 29.9 .., . 30, 31, 32.10 .., . 37.

[ 52 ]

CARL SCHMITT:

. Schmitt Kelsen ( ), o - .11

- , - . , Kelsen , . Kelsen ! . Krabbe12 - , Schmitt, - , , , .13

, - () . Krabbe , - ( 14 Schmitt : , 15).

Schmitt . , . - . , () .

Schmitt, , . , , , . - , - . , . , . Schmitt

11 .., . 38.12 .., . 42.13 .., . 37.14 .., . 36.15 .., . 43.

[ 53 ]

CARL SCHMITT:

. Schmitt .

Hobbes, , , , .

.

, Schmitt . , - . , , . , , , . , , , .16 , , . , , -, - . .

O Schmitt -, . , .

, . , , , . Schmitt - / . - - . , , .

16 .., . 117.

[ 54 ]

CARL SCHMITT:

. Schmitt

. , 17 . 17 . , - . , -- , .

, : - .17 -, Carl Schmitt Rsseau.

Boutmy ( Carl Schmitt ) Rousseau - .18 18 . Rousseau .

Boutmy, o : Rousseau : , , .19 17 , Atger, . Schmitt, Hobbes. , , Hobbes s, - . Schmitt, . , .20 Schmitt . Sieys : , . .21

Schmitt, , - - .

17 .., . 78.18 .., . 79, 119.19 .., . 79, 80.20 .., . 80.21 .., . 81.

[ 55 ]

CARL SCHMITT:

.

o Carl Schmitt, , . , o Schmitt . - , - . ( ) Carl Schmitt , . . Schmitt , . - . Schmitt : , (. ..).

, , . , , - . , , - ; Schmitt ! , .

Schmitt, , , ( . ), Hobbes. O Schmitt -, . -, ( . ), .

Schmitt

[ 56 ]

CARL SCHMITT:

. Kelsen ( ) Krabbe. Schmitt . Kelsen - , , . Schmitt . , Kelsen Krabbe. O Schmitt -. Kelsen , , Kelsen, - .

O Schmitt , - . , (-) . - , Schmitt . - . .

Schmitt , . - .

O Schmitt , , - . Schmitt , -, . , . , , , .22 Schmitt , 19 , -.

22 .., . 107.

[ 57 ]

-

, , - . , - . , , .

, -. , . , . , . . , . . - . , , .1

, post-histoire

1 . , , , . , 2007, . 63.

[ 58 ]

, . , . , .2 , . - , . . .

, - , , . - . , .

, . , - , . . -- . , , .

2 ..

[ 59 ]

, . - . , - . , , , , . , , . , , -- .

, , .3 . , . . . - , , .4 .

, , , . . . .5

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4 .., . 239.5 ..

[ 60 ]

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, .

[ 61 ]

.8 , - . , , . . -, . . , , . , - -. . . , , , . - - . , -, . , . - . . , .

, . , , . - . - . . , . ,

[ 62 ]

- - . . - . , - .9 , , .

, . , , , . -- . - . , . - , , .10 , , . . -, . , . Derrida .11 , .

, Derrida - . ,

9 , Shelling, - Derrida .

10 Hegel, , . . , . , 2007, . 406.11 J. Derrida, , . 247.

[ 63 ]

. Rousseau , - , , .12 . . - - .13

-, , , , , . , - , .14

, . - .15 . , - . . - Hegel - , .16 - . , , , Hegel. -

12 .., . 374.13 .., . 373.14 .., . 347.15 .., . 268.16 Hegel, , . . , . . , . , 2006, . 78.17 . , , . . , . , 2000, .

157.

[ 64 ]

species aeternitatis.17 , - .

, - . - -. -, . - . - . . , , .18 , - -. , , - . - .

. - . . - - .19 , . , . - , .

18 J. Derrida, , . 399.19 . , , . , 2012, . 46 (. ., J. Derrida, , . 355).20 J. Habermas, , . . . , . ,

1993, . 207. , . . , (. ., J. Derrida, , . 355).

[ 65 ]

.20 - , , .

, . , , . , . . . - , - . . - , . , - - . , .

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, -

[ 66 ]

. . . . . , , . . - . , . , , , .

, , . . - - . .21 , . . . ( ) . , .

-, . - . -,

21 J. Derrida, , . 373.

[ 67 ]

. . - , . , . - , - . . , , . . , . , .

, . - Nietzsche. , , . , - . . .22 , - , . - . . , , .

22 . , , . . , . . , . , 2010, . 173- 174.

3

[ 71 ]

- & . (2011). ( ). ,

( 1984-1985). E: , .

cole des Hautes tudes des Sciences Sociales, 1984-1985, . - ( : Ce qui fait la Grce). , 1970, , , , .

, , , , .

Burchardt, , , - , . , , : , -, 5 , . , , . , , .

- . , , , , , - . Dodds, , 5 , . , . -

[ 72 ]

. , . , , -.1 , , . , - , , - . , , .

, , , . , - 18 19 . Machiavelli Guicciardini 16 , .

, , . , , - .2

, , , - " " - .

. , . ,3 .4 , , , , . , , , . , , oderint dum metuant. , , Hitler -

1 ., 1.22.4.2 .., 1.32-44.3 .., 5.98.4 O , , , -

(338c), .

[ 73 ]

. , : .

, , , - . . , , , . : ,5 , , .6 , . , .

, , , . . , . , - , - . , . , ,7 , , , .

, , , , -, , , , . , - " ", " ",8 : ,9 10 .11 , , , . , . , -

5 ., 1.122.6 , , . .. , . , 2014, . 177.7 . 3.82.2.8 . , , . , . , 1992, . 111.9 ., 1.68-71.10 .., 1.73-78.11 .., 2.35-46.

[ 74 ]

, . , -

, , . , - , , , .

- , (finalit) - . .12 , , , - . .13 , , , , . , , .14 de jure, , , -, . , . : , , - , . :15 , -. , , .16

- , - . , . , - .17 ,

12 , , : , , . . , , . , -, : : , 1984-1985, . , 2011, . 124, 127-128 , , . , 2010, .150-151 158-160.

13 , - . . , , .., . 341.

14 ., 1.43.15 .., 2.41.1.16 .., 2.37.1.17 -

.

[ 75 ]

, :18 , , . , , . . , .

, , , . , , , , , , . , , , , , . . , . , . . , .

. , , , , . , , , . , -. , , , . , - , , , . , .

, , : , - , . . , , ,

18 ., 2.37.1.

[ 76 ]

. , , , , . , , , , , , . , , .19 .

, - , , , 5 .

19 . , , . 365-366: , - .

4

[ 79 ]

PETER SINGER:

Peter Singer: H

Y : : ,

2015, Peter Singer, - Princeton - - . , , . , - , . , , Peter Singer , .

[ 80 ]

PETER SINGER:

CONATUS: . , , vita contemplativa , vita activa; , , , , , ;

PETER SINGER: . .

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PETER SINGER: , . , , - , . , , , , , . , , .

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PETER SINGER: . . , , . Animal Liberation . , , (equal consideration of interests), ,

[ 81 ]

PETER SINGER:

. . , , . . - . , . , , . , , , , , - . , , . , . - .

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[ 82 ]

PETER SINGER:

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[ 83 ]

PETER SINGER:

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[ 84 ]

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, ;

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[ 85 ]

[ 86 ]