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Contents ............................................................................................................................................................ 5

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................................................................................................... 7

Bacon ....................................................................................................................... 8

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.................................................................................................................. 14

................................................................................................................ 15

.............................................................................................................................. 17

................................................................................................................. 20

. ................................................................................................. 21

Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky ........................................................................................................ 23

Robert Esnault-Pelterie ........................................................................................................................... 26

Herman Oberth ........................................................................................................................................ 28

Robert Goddard ........................................................................................................................................ 32

Goddard................................................................................................................... 39

Dr. Wernher von Braun ............................................................................................................................ 40

Sergei Korolev .......................................................................................................................................... 43

Valentin Petrovich Glushko ...................................................................................................................... 47

................................................................................................................................. 48

Challenger ...................................................................................................................... 48

Columbia ................................................................................................................... 49

Soyuz 1 ..................................................................................................................................................... 50

Salyut 1-Soyuz11 ...................................................................................................................................... 50

Apollo 1 .................................................................................................................................................... 51

................................................................................................ 52

........................................................................................................................................ 53

........................................................................................ 53

............................................................................................... 54

................................................................................................................................... 57

. 4

..................................................................................................................................... 58

.......................................................................................................................... 62

.................................................................................................................................. 62

..................................................................................................................................... 63

. ................................................................................................................................. 63

. ............................................................................................................................. 64

...................................................................................................................................................... 65

NASA ...................................................................................................... 65

............................................................................................................................ 65

Commercial resupply services (CRS) ......................................................................................................... 66

Commercial Crew Program (CCDev) ......................................................................................................... 68

Beyond Low Earth Orbit program (BLEO) ................................................................................................. 69

.................................................................................................................................................... 69

............................................................................................................. 70

............................................................................................................................................ 71

...................................................................................................................... 72

............................................................................................................. 73

...................................................................................................................... 75

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. .......................................................................................................................... 87

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. 5

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. : Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Herman Oberth, Robert

Goddard, Wehner von Braun Serge Korolev,

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. 23

Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky

:

Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky, Robert Esnault-Pelterie Herman Oberth.

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. 26

Robert Esnault-Pelterie

, Robert Esnault-Pelterie. Esnault-Pelterie, REP, 8 1881. , , .

REP . . , , Wright. , . 1907, , REP 1.

, . 1908, . REP, . , REP 12 1912. : . , o REP , , . REP , , , . 1930, L' Astronautique, .

. 27

1934, . 2 , REP , , . , . , . : . 1 2, . 1930 REP . , 1931, , . 660 . (660 =300 ). 1939. REP, Chiolkovsky, . . REP , - . . REP 1957 .

. 28

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(http://www.peenemuende.de/en/)

. 32

Robert Goddard

5 1882 .

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. 35

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(Jet Assisted Take-Off).

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. 39

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. 40

Dr. Wernher von Braun

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Jupiter. To 1960, o Von Braun Nasa

Saturn.

. Marshall Space Flight Center.

. 42

1970, Nasa Washington, D.C.

2 Nasa. ,

Fairchild Industries Germantown Maryland. 1977 Alexandria

Virginia.

140 ( ) Fort Bliss Texas. : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Paperclip

Saturn V Apollo 17. 17 1972

Jupiter

. 43

Sergei Korolev

Sergei Korolev . Sputnik, Soyuz, Vostok- , , . , .

O Korolev Kapustin Yar 1953

Sergei Pavlovich Korolev . 12 1907 Zhytomyr . , 17 . (Kiev Polytechnic Institute) . , . 1931 (Group for Investigation of Reactive Motion - GIRD). , GIRD 9 10. 1933 RNII. . Korolev Valentin Glushko . RP-318, .

RP-318 SK-9 Korolev. Glushko.

. 44

, . 21 1938 Glushko. Korolev, 7 . , Korolev , Kolyma. , , , . sharashkas, . Andrei Tupolev, . Korolev Kolyma, . 1944 Korolev . , V2. , , V2. To 1945 , Von Braun, paperclip. paperclip, , 1946 NII-88. , Korolev V2. R1, , , , Scud. H NII-88 , 1953, Korolev, 7.000 Km. R7, , . 21 1957, R7, Semyorka : Baikonur . Semyorka . , , Korolev, , , . Sputnik 1, , 4 1957, .

Sputnik 1 , 40 , , 3 1957, Sputnik 2. : Laika. Korolev : , .

H Laika Sputnik2

. 45

Korolev, . , . . , , Vostok. R7 12 1961, , : Yuri Gagarin.

15 , , , 60. Korolev , : 100 N-1, , : Soyuz. Korolev . . Korolev . O R7 , , . -1 . Glushko, , . O Korolev . , Korolev : Nikolai Kuznetsov. Kuznetsov . 42 -1. -1, , 1964.

. 46

. Korolev . 1965 . 14 1966 . Luna 9, . .

Luna 9 , . -1 , , Apollo, . . o 1974, Glushko, Korolev. Soyuz R7, Soyuz, , 40 . 1700 , Soyuz, . : Baikonur , Plesetsk 2011 , (ESA).

. 47

Valentin Petrovich Glushko

10 1989, 81 , Valentin Petrovich Glushko, . Glushko 2 1908 .

, . . . 1924 1925 Konstantin Tsiolkovsky . ( ), . , 1929 1930 Gas Dynamics Laboratory (GDL) . 1931 GIRD (Group for the Study of Reactive Motion)

. 23 1938, , NKVD Butyrka. 15 1939 . , Glushko . 1941 . 1944 . 1944 Sergei Korolev RD-1 KhZ. ' , Glushko . 1946 , OKB 456 ( NPO Energomash) 1974. . Glushko , , , Apollo . , ' , Mir. Glushko Korolev , . , .

. 48

Challenger

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Gus Grissom, Edward White II Roger Chaffee Apollo 1

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. 4 1996: Ariane-5, , 40 .

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. 53

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safely-earth

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. 89

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http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/about/history/dr_goddard.html

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. 90

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