ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΕΙΟ ΤΕΧΝΟΛΟΓΙΚΟ ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΤΙΚΟ ΙΔΡΥΜΑ...
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ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΕΙΟ ΤΕΧΝΟΛΟΓΙΚΟ ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΤΙΚΟ ΙΔΡΥΜΑ ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗΣ ΣΧΟΛΗ ΤΕΧΝΟΛΟΓΙΚΩΝ ΕΦΑΡΜΟΓΩΝ ΤΜΗΜΑ ΟΧΗΜΑΤΩΝ Εργαστήριο Μ.Ε.Κ. ΙΙ ΧΡΗΣΗ ΒΙΟΑΙΘΑΝΟΛΗΣ ΣΕ ΒΕΝΖΙΝΟΚΙΝΗΤΑ ΚΑΙ ΠΕΤΡΕΛΑΙΟΚΙΝΗΤΑ ΟΧΗΜΑΤΑ Μερκούριος Γώγος Εργαστηριακός Συνεργάτης Σίνδος, Απρίλιος 2010
description
ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΕΙΟ ΤΕΧΝΟΛΟΓΙΚΟ ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΤΙΚΟ ΙΔΡΥΜΑ ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗΣ ΣΧΟΛΗ ΤΕΧΝΟΛΟΓΙΚΩΝ ΕΦΑΡΜΟΓΩΝ ΤΜΗΜΑ ΟΧΗΜΑΤΩΝ. Εργαστήριο Μ.Ε.Κ. ΙΙ ΧΡΗΣΗ ΒΙΟΑΙΘΑΝΟΛΗΣ ΣΕ ΒΕΝΖΙΝΟΚΙΝΗΤΑ ΚΑΙ ΠΕΤΡΕΛΑΙΟΚΙΝΗΤΑ ΟΧΗΜΑΤΑ Μερκούριος Γώγος Εργαστηριακός Συνεργάτης. Σίνδος, Απρίλιος 2010. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΕΙΟ ΤΕΧΝΟΛΟΓΙΚΟ ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΤΙΚΟ ΙΔΡΥΜΑ...
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1.
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BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 20071861 2007 ... , 2010
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; - ! ... , 2010
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CO2 World Resources Institute, 2007 10000 CO2 280 ppm 36% 2ppm ... , 2010
Chart1
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CO2
CO2 ppm
1
YEARCO2
17442771744277
17642771745
17912801746
18162841747
18392831748
18432871749
18472871750
18542881751
18692891752
18742901753
18782901754
18872921755
18992961756
19032951757
19052971758
19092991759
19153011760
19213021761
19273061762
19353071763
19433081764277
19533131765
1766
19593161767
19603171768
19613181769
19623181770
19633191771
19643201772
19653201773
19663211774
19673221775
19683231776
19693251777
19703261778
19713261779
19723281780
19733301781
19743301782
19753311783
19763321784
19773341785
19783361786
19793371787
19803391788
19813401789
19823411790
19833431791280
19843441792
19853461793
19863471794
19873491795
19883511796
19893531797
19903541798
19913561799
19923561800
19933571801
19943591802
19953611803
19963631804
19973641805
19983671806
19993681807
20003691808
20013711809
20023731810
20033761811
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CO2
CO2 ppm
2
3
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(1/2) ... , 2010UNEP/GRID-Arendal , 2002
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... , 2010 (2/2)UNEP/GRID-Arendal , 2002
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... , 2010http://bioenergy.ornl.gov
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... , 2010
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UNFCCC, 2008 : GHG CO2 ... , 2010
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2.
... , 2010
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... , 2010
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Macedo et al., 2004, USDA, 2001, 2002 & DTI 2003 ... , 2010
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(2006)Worldwatch Institute, 2006 ... , 2010
Chart10
0.540.46
0.330.21
0.2820.174
0.330.17
0.3230.214
0.410.25
0.210.34
0.660.33
0.170.083
0.210.08
Sheet1
- 20062010
(F-T)0.5401.0000.4600.5401.0000.460 (Fischer-Tropsch)
(.)0.330.540.21
0.2820.4560.1740.2820.4560.174 (...)
(...)0.330.500.17
0.3230.5370.210.3230.5370.214 (..)
(..)0.410.660.25
0.2100.5500.340.2100.5500.340
0.660.990.33
0.1700.2530.0830.1700.2530.083 ()
()0.210.290.08
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GHG U.S. DoE, 2007 , wet-mill 4% (EPA, 2007) ... , 2010
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2007F.O.Licht, 2008 ... , 2010
Chart7
6498.6
5019.2
570.3
486
527.6
Sheet1
...6498.6
5019.2
..570.3527.6
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. 527.6
13101.7
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Strube-Dieckman, 2007 ... , 2010
Chart3
0.08
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Sheet1
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.. (2008)EurObservER, 2009 ... , 2010
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2003/30/EC ... , 2010EurObservER, 2009
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3.
... , 2010
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... !1826Samuel Morey 1860Nicholas Otto1896Henry Ford Quadricycle1908Ford Model T1920 1973 1975 "Prolcohol 2003 2003/30/EC ... , 2010
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... ... , 2010
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C2H5OH ( CO) ... , 2010
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... , 2010RFA, 2005
Chart1
Chart1
928287
119103111
12996112.5
11299105.5
119103111
RON
MON
(R+M)/2
Sheet1
RONMON(R+M)/2
928287
MTBE119103111
12996112.5
TAME11299105.5
ETBE119103111
Sheet1
928287
119103111
12996112.5
11299105.5
119103111
RON
MON
(R+M)/2
Sheet2
Sheet3
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:26750 kJ/kg :43000 kJ/kg 2/3
km
... , 2010
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60% ( 20%) . ... , 2010Brusstar, 2005
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(1/3) 46.07 g 100-105 gDiesel 200 g 100%
/ . ... , 2010
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(2/3) ... , 2010 Tanknology, Inc.
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15 C ... , 2010 (3/3)David Korotney
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. (FFV), . . ... , 2010
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:842-930 kJ/kg :330-400 kJ/kg
... , 2010
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H/C : 0.25 w/w: ~0.15 w/w 7% (Bailey, 1996) ... , 2010
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: 1930 C : 1977 C Diesel: 2054 C ( ) NOx ... , 2010
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/Brusstar & Bakenhus, 2005 ... , 2010
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Reid RVP=15-17 kPa
:RVP=50-100 kPa
Furey, 1985 ... , 2010
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, ... , 2010
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/: ... , 2010Union Oil Company of California
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( ) :1% (transport efficiency)
:7% ,1% Diesel
:6% 10% Diesel ... , 2010
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... , 2010
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(Drivability) /
... , 2010
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... , 2010Joseph Jr., 2005
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& NOx , , . ... , 2010
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( ) HC & CO NOx (EGR) NOx HC ... , 2010
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(1/2) : (brass Cu-Zn) : PVC ... , 2010
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: & (bronze Cu Sn) : teflon ... , 2010 (2/2)
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Otto ... , 2010Joseph Jr., 2005
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(1/2)1.6L mpi 4spd Automatic 199785 060 km1.3L mpi 3spd Autom. 1996 125 811 km ... , 2010Orbital Australia PTY Ltd., 2007
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1997 Toyota Hilux 2.4L Carburetor115 418 km ... , 2010 (2/2)Orbital Australia PTY Ltd., 2007
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1997 Toyota Hilux 2.4L Carburetor [115 418 km] E5 20000 km E10 10000 km ... , 2010Orbital Australia PTY Ltd., 2007
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(1/2) COHCNOxPM CO2
... , 2010
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methanol & ethanolformaldehyde acetaldehydemethyl & ethyl nitrite benzene toluene ... , 2010 (2/2)
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() /: VOC Commingling effect Brusstar & Bakenhus, 2005 ... , 2010
Chart1
68
27
5
Sheet1
68
27
5
100
Sheet1
0
0
0
Sheet2
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... , 2010Ethanol Hemelgarn Racing Team2005 Indy Car seriesTeam NasamaxLe Mans 2004
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... , 2010
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4.
... , 2010
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/Diesel 10 C ( 2% 5% vol ) ( )
... , 2010
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/Diesel Diesel 4-5% (Hansen et al., 2001) 10% tOH 15% EtOH 10% (UIUC, 2000) ... , 2010
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PM E10-Diesel: 73-80% Diesel NOx E10-Diesel: 96-100% Diesel
CO E10-Diesel: 80-160% Diesel
HC E10-Diesel: 171-200% Diesel
... , 2010
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E-Diesel Class II () Class I ()NREL, 2003 ... , 2010
Chart1
-20-23
736
1329
1329
6486
C
Sheet1
-20-20-23
74336
134229
E-Diesel134229
Diesel6415086
Sheet1
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C
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Diesel , , , (WWFC, 2006). ... , 2010
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5.
... , 2010
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: /, , II:Ford Escort 1.3 L : LRP (E0), E10, E20 & E50 : : (CO2) (CO) (HC) (O2) (NOx) : : () ... , 2010
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... , 2010
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+6.3%+6.5%-3.9% ... , 2010
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(20) ... , 2010
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... , 2010
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... , 2010
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... , 2010
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... , 2010
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-9.1% ... , 2010
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... , 2010
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-91%-44%-29% ... , 2010
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+19%+28%+52% ... , 2010
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CO CO2 ... , 2010
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-17%-26%-55% ... , 2010
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-17%-26%-55% ... , 2010
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+198%+307%+1160% ... , 2010
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... , 2010
Chart2
0.76889380090.76546738420.8129893295
0.78754104520.79295511730.8383066883
0.84071991080.84448389350.8948272648
E30E30E30
E40E40E40
1.01050349791.00287309691.0407110364
30 km/h
30 km/h
50 km/h
90 km/h
90 km/h
50 km/h
LAMBDA vs ETHANOL PERCENTAGE
Conclusions
E10E20E50
1CO-29%-44%-91%
2HC-17%-26%-55%
3200%310%1160%
3
advance
4 (partial data)6%6%-4%
5 (partial data)6%6%-4%
6-1%-5%-13%
7
Chart1
0
0
0
Total
Sheet1
SPEED(All)
FUELE0
ADVANCE12
Average of NOx [ppm]
Total
0.769187.1111111111
0.776163.4
0.826592.5555555556
Grand Total314.3555555556
DATA
ADVANCEFUELSPEEDPOWERTORQUER.P.M.CO2 [%]CO [%]HC [ppm]O2 [%]NOx [ppm]SPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTIONFUEL CONSUMPTION [L/100km]COMBUSTION CHAMBER PRESSURE [kPa]- [g/s]
0E030 km/h15.471.320720.7718.878.602260.391050.4632.26871.9500 BTDC0
0E050 km/h16.768.923160.7699.008.532120.271170.4621.06662.2410 BTDC0
0E090 km/h22.870.130870.81710.276.671950.202240.4314.86792.8240 BTDC0
0E1030 km/h15.471.520650.7859.337.812080.401110.4631.86911.9730 BTDC0
0E1050 km/h16.969.623170.7839.497.771980.281290.4821.66762.2050 BTDC0
0E1090 km/h23.372.030910.81110.226.652020.212130.4415.46952.7190 BTDC0
0E2030 km/h16.275.120700.86110.985.161820.502950.4129.97261.8940 BTDC0
0E2050 km/h17.873.223200.85911.125.001770.343550.4320.47092.1680 BTDC0
0E2090 km/h24.073.730950.89012.003.871510.227500.4114.57142.7070 BTDC0
0E5030 km/h15.270.020831.03013.610.381130.9313900.4127.36751.7470 BTDC0
0E5050 km/h16.466.923411.02713.700.37830.8113930.4318.46451.9890 BTDC0
0E5090 km/h20.161.931061.05613.380.36451.3613010.4513.25982.5800 BTDC0
4E030 km/h17.078.220690.7598.579.042720.431020.4231.77501.9934 BTDC4
4E050 km/h18.676.423220.7498.429.272710.301290.4421.97352.2214 BTDC4
4E090 km/h24.876.430940.7889.407.722540.252600.4115.37332.7644 BTDC4
4E1030 km/h18.083.520630.8019.717.212520.422320.3931.88131.8984 BTDC4
4E1050 km/h19.981.923210.81010.146.782250.283270.4021.47982.1154 BTDC4
4E1090 km/h26.080.130840.87411.564.511840.269020.3814.67842.7254 BTDC4
4E2030 km/h17.982.720660.84910.805.462120.443330.3830.47951.9704 BTDC4
4E2050 km/h20.182.923110.84510.875.482110.324790.3920.87942.1484 BTDC4
4E2090 km/h26.180.431030.90212.183.551660.2711830.3814.57722.7064 BTDC4
4E5030 km/h16.576.420721.00213.470.921430.7519020.3827.47321.7944 BTDC4
4E5050 km/h18.174.023291.02113.520.611260.8920200.4018.77112.1204 BTDC4
4E5090 km/h23.471.731041.02713.190.78891.0722550.4013.56882.6924 BTDC4
8E030 km/h18.183.820660.7698.848.723490.481310.4032.48081.9838 BTDC8
8E050 km/h20.082.423200.7759.108.333020.341780.4021.77972.1558 BTDC8
8E090 km/h26.682.031000.82010.266.562570.264170.3715.07922.7368 BTDC8
8E1030 km/h18.184.020670.8139.876.812670.462590.3830.68101.9688 BTDC8
8E1050 km/h20.082.623150.81710.136.512630.333360.3820.57982.2328 BTDC8
8E1090 km/h26.581.930980.85211.095.242440.266920.3714.77952.8708 BTDC8
8E2030 km/h17.982.620690.8099.866.832660.512390.4031.67901.8658 BTDC8
8E2050 km/h19.982.823070.84410.865.532380.374860.3920.77912.1238 BTDC8
8E2090 km/h26.581.731020.88911.863.952030.2910760.3714.57812.7068 BTDC8
8E5030 km/h17.982.820721.00013.261.021860.7821920.3628.17961.7438 BTDC8
8E5050 km/h19.881.623220.96012.931.831900.4918140.3920.07851.9588 BTDC8
8E5090 km/h26.180.730951.00413.560.791630.6231460.3714.17752.5218 BTDC8
12E030 km/h18.585.920630.7768.938.522990.541630.3831.68051.94512 BTDC12
12E050 km/h20.383.423210.7698.888.643150.401870.4021.18092.16712 BTDC12
12E090 km/h27.383.731090.82610.446.392670.275930.3614.88202.73112 BTDC12
12E1030 km/h18.384.420710.7528.539.063050.501210.4234.58122.13712 BTDC12
12E1050 km/h20.283.523110.7628.988.582970.361800.4122.68102.33212 BTDC12
12E1090 km/h27.083.330980.81610.336.562360.254520.3815.58452.87412 BTDC12
12E2030 km/h18.887.420630.84510.595.722500.574150.3630.38181.89212 BTDC12
12E2050 km/h20.484.123150.83010.476.022760.384410.3820.58142.13212 BTDC12
12E2090 km/h27.384.231050.89812.093.692140.2914610.3514.38242.68012 BTDC12
12E5030 km/h18.686.120651.00913.440.861750.8226170.3527.87941.77012 BTDC12
12E5050 km/h20.283.323251.00413.500.911800.6927590.3618.77461.98312 BTDC12
12E5090 km/h25.378.130941.07613.210.311191.6538400.3713.37462.54412 BTDC12
[] [km/h] [kW] [Nm]R.P.M.CO2 [%]CO [%]HC [ppm]O2 [%]NOx [ppm] - [L/100km] [kN/m2]- [g/s]
MINIMUM15.261.920630.7498.420.31450.201020.3513.25981.743
MAXIMUM27.387.431091.07613.709.273491.6538400.4834.58452.874
Sheet2
ADVANCEFUELSPEEDPOWERTORQUER.P.M.CO2 [%]CO [%]HC [ppm]O2 [%]NOx [ppm]SPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTIONFUEL CONSUMPTION [L/100km]
0E030 km/h15.471.320720.7718.878.602260.391050.4632.2687
0E050 km/h16.768.923160.7699.008.532120.271170.4621.0666
0E090 km/h22.870.130870.81710.276.671950.202240.4314.8679
0E1030 km/h15.471.520650.7859.337.812080.401110.4631.8691
0E1050 km/h16.969.623170.7839.497.771980.281290.4821.6676
0E1090 km/h23.372.030910.81110.226.652020.212130.4415.4695
0E2030 km/h16.275.120700.86110.985.161820.502950.4129.9726
0E2050 km/h17.873.223200.85911.125.001770.343550.4320.4709
0E2090 km/h24.073.730950.89012.003.871510.227500.4114.5714
0E5030 km/h15.270.020831.03013.610.381130.9313900.4127.3675
0E5050 km/h16.466.923411.02713.700.37830.8113930.4318.4645
0E5090 km/h20.161.931061.05613.380.36451.3613010.4513.2598
4E030 km/h17.078.220690.7598.579.042720.431020.4231.7750
4E050 km/h18.676.423220.7498.429.272710.301290.4421.9735
4E090 km/h24.876.430940.7889.407.722540.252600.4115.3733
4E1030 km/h18.083.520630.8019.717.212520.422320.3931.8813
4E1050 km/h19.981.923210.81010.146.782250.283270.4021.4798
4E1090 km/h26.080.130840.87411.564.511840.269020.3814.6784
4E2030 km/h17.982.720660.84910.805.462120.443330.3830.4795
4E2050 km/h20.182.923110.84510.875.482110.324790.3920.8794
4E2090 km/h26.180.431030.90212.183.551660.2711830.3814.5772
4E5030 km/h16.576.420721.00213.470.921430.7519020.3827.4732
4E5050 km/h18.174.023291.02113.520.611260.8920200.4018.7711
4E5090 km/h23.471.731041.02713.190.78891.0722550.4013.5688
8E030 km/h18.183.820660.7698.848.723490.481310.4032.4808
8E050 km/h20.082.423200.7759.108.333020.341780.4021.7797
8E090 km/h26.682.031000.82010.266.562570.264170.3715.0792
8E1030 km/h18.184.020670.8139.876.812670.462590.3830.6810
8E1050 km/h20.082.623150.81710.136.512630.333360.3820.5798
8E1090 km/h26.581.930980.85211.095.242440.266920.3714.7795
8E2030 km/h17.982.620690.8099.866.832660.512390.4031.6790
8E2050 km/h19.982.823070.84410.865.532380.374860.3920.7791
8E2090 km/h26.581.731020.88911.863.952030.2910760.3714.5781
8E5030 km/h17.982.820721.00013.261.021860.7821920.3628.1796
8E5050 km/h19.881.623220.96012.931.831900.4918140.3920.0785
8E5090 km/h26.180.730951.00413.560.791630.6231460.3714.1775
12E030 km/h18.585.920630.7768.938.522990.541630.3831.6805
12E050 km/h20.383.423210.7698.888.643150.401870.4021.1809
12E090 km/h27.383.731090.82610.446.392670.275930.3614.8820
12E1030 km/h18.384.420710.7528.539.063050.501210.4234.5812
12E1050 km/h20.283.523110.7628.988.582970.361800.4122.6810
12E1090 km/h27.083.330980.81610.336.562360.254520.3815.5845
12E2030 km/h18.887.420630.84510.595.722500.574150.3630.3818
12E2050 km/h20.484.123150.83010.476.022760.384410.3820.5814
12E2090 km/h27.384.231050.89812.093.692140.2914610.3514.3824
12E5030 km/h18.686.120651.00913.440.861750.8226170.3527.8794
12E5050 km/h20.283.323251.00413.500.911800.6927590.3618.7746
12E5090 km/h25.378.130941.07613.210.311191.6538400.3713.3746
Sheet2
0
4
8
12
NOx ppm
LAMBDA & IGNITION TIMING INFLUENCE ON NOx EMISSIONS
0
4
8
12
CO % vol
LAMBDA & IGNITION TIMING INFLUENCE ON CO EMISSIONS
0
4
8
12
TORQUE Nm
LAMBDA & IGNITION TIMING INFLUENCE ON TORQUE
0
4
8
12
kg/kWh
LAMBDA & IGNITION TIMING INFLUENCEON SPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTION
0
4
8
12
HC ppm
LAMBDA & IGNITION TIMING INFLUENCE ON HC EMISSIONS
0
4
8
12
kPa
LAMBDA & IGNITION TIMING INFLUENCEON COMBUSTION CHAMBER PRESSURE
-
- NOx & HC ... , 2010
Chart1
271.45129
272.2101.5
253.5259.7368421053
251.9231.95
224.7327.45
210.7894736842479.1578947368
211.8947368421333
184.25902.25
165.89473684211182.8421052632
143.10526315791901.7777777778
125.852019.95
88.72255
HC
NOx
HC
NOx
HC [ppm]
NOx [ppm]
LAMBDA INFLUENCE ON HC and NOx EMISSIONS
Chart2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
Sheet2
Average of NOx [ppm]
Total
0.748129
0.758101.5
0.788259.7368421053
0.801231.95
0.811327.45
0.845479.1578947368
0.849333
0.875902.25
0.9021182.8421052632
1.0021901.7777777778
1.0212019.95
1.0272255
Grand Total843.6345516569
Data
[km/h] [kW] [Nm]R.P.M.CO2 [%]CO [%]HC [ppm]O2 [%]Nox [ppm] -- [L/100km]sortedCO2 [%]CO [%]HC [ppm]O2 [%]NOx [ppm] [km/h] [kW] [Nm]R.P.M.CO2 [%]CO [%]HC [ppm]O2 [%]Nox [ppm] -- [L/100km]
E03017.078.220690.7588.579.042720.431020.4231.70.7488.429.272710.3012930 km/hE00.758E00.758E00.75830 km/h0.7580072738E03017.078.220690.7588.579.042720.431020.4231.7
E05018.676.423220.7488.429.272710.301290.4421.90.7588.579.042720.4310250km/hE00.748E100.829E100.82950km/h0.7477793832E103018.083.520630.8019.717.212520.422320.3931.8
E09024.876.430940.7889.407.722540.252600.4115.30.7889.407.722540.2526090km/hE00.788E200.865E200.86590km/h0.7877378878E203017.982.720660.84910.805.462120.443330.3830.4
E103018.083.520630.8019.717.212520.422320.3931.80.8019.717.212520.42232E100.801E501.017E3030 km/h0.8011353937E503016.576.420721.00213.470.921430.7519020.3827.4
E105019.981.923210.81110.146.782250.283270.4021.40.81110.146.782250.28327E100.811E4050km/h0.8105598765E05018.676.423220.7488.429.272710.301290.4421.9
E109026.080.130840.87511.564.511840.269020.3814.60.84510.875.482110.32479E100.875E501.01790km/h0.8746160128E105019.981.923210.81110.146.782250.283270.4021.4
E203017.982.720660.84910.805.462120.443330.3830.40.84910.805.462120.44333E200.84930 km/h0.8485287067E205020.182.923110.84510.875.482110.324790.3920.8
E205020.182.923110.84510.875.482110.324790.3920.80.87511.564.511840.26902E200.84550km/h0.8446119515E505018.174.023291.02113.520.611260.8920200.4018.7
E209026.180.431030.90212.183.551660.2711830.3814.50.90212.183.551660.271183E200.90290km/h0.9024432612E09024.876.430940.7889.407.722540.252600.4115.3
E503016.576.420721.00213.470.921430.7519020.3827.41.00213.470.921430.751902E501.00230 km/h1.001974829E109026.080.130840.87511.564.511840.269020.3814.6
E505018.174.023291.02113.520.611260.8920200.4018.71.02113.520.611260.892020E501.02150km/h1.0206699569E209026.180.431030.90212.183.551660.2711830.3814.5
E509023.471.731041.02713.190.78891.0722550.4013.51.02713.190.78891.072255E501.02790km/h1.0268628882E509023.471.731041.02713.190.78891.0722550.4013.5
E0E0E0E10E10E10E20E20E20E50E50E50
[km/h]30km/h50 km/h90 km/h305090305090305090
2nd Gear3rd Gear4th Gear
[kW]17.018.624.818.019.926.017.920.126.116.518.123.4
[Nm]78.276.476.483.581.980.182.782.980.476.474.071.7
R.P.M.206923223094206323213084206623113103207223293104
0.7580.7480.7880.8010.8110.8750.8490.8450.9021.0021.0211.027
CO2 [%]8.578.429.409.7110.1411.5610.8010.8712.1813.4713.5213.19
CO [%]9.049.277.727.216.784.515.465.483.550.920.610.78
HC [ppm]27227125425222518421221116614312689
O2 [%]0.430.300.250.420.280.260.440.320.270.750.891.07
NOx [ppm]1021292602323279023334791183190220202255
0.420.440.410.390.400.380.380.390.380.380.400.40
[L/100km]31.721.915.331.821.414.630.420.814.527.418.713.5
Data
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
[kW]
Data (EN)
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
[kW]
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
[Nm]
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
[kg/kWh]
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
[L/100km]
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
CO2 [%vol]
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
CO [%vol]
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
HC [ppm]
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
NOx [ppm]
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
O2 [%vol]
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
CO2
CO
O2
CO
CO2
O2
CO & CO2 [%]
O2 [%]
LAMBDA EFFECT ON CO, CO2 and O2 EMISSIONS
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
HC
NOx
HC
NOx
HC [ppm]
NOx [ppm]
LAMBDA INFLUENCE ON HC and NOx EMISSIONS
0
0
0
0
0
0
Lambda
Lambda vs Ethanol percentage
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
LAMBDA
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
LAMBDA
000
000
000
000
30 km/h
30 km/h
50 km/h
50 km/h
90 km/h
90 km/h
HC [ppm]
NOx [ppm]
Lambda influence on HC emissions
[km/h] [kW] [Nm]R.P.M.CO2 [%]CO [%]HC [ppm]O2 [%]Nox [ppm] -- [L/100km]sortedCO2 [%]CO [%]HC [ppm]O2 [%]NOx [ppm] [km/h] [kW] [Nm]R.P.M.CO2 [%]CO [%]HC [ppm]O2 [%]Nox [ppm] -- [L/100km]
E03017.078.220690.7588.579.042720.431020.4231.70.7488.429.272710.3012930 km/hE00.758E00.758E00.75830 km/h0.7580072738E03017.078.220690.7588.579.042720.431020.4231.7
E05018.676.423220.7488.429.272710.301290.4421.90.7588.579.042720.4310250km/hE00.748E100.829E100.82950km/h0.7477793832E103018.083.520630.8019.717.212520.422320.3931.8
E09024.876.430940.7889.407.722540.252600.4115.30.7889.407.722540.2526090km/hE00.788E200.865E200.86590km/h0.7877378878E203017.982.720660.84910.805.462120.443330.3830.4
E103018.083.520630.8019.717.212520.422320.3931.80.8019.717.212520.42232E100.801E501.017E3030 km/h0.8011353937E503016.576.420721.00213.470.921430.7519020.3827.4
E105019.981.923210.81110.146.782250.283270.4021.40.81110.146.782250.28327E100.811E4050km/h0.8105598765E05018.676.423220.7488.429.272710.301290.4421.9
E109026.080.130840.87511.564.511840.269020.3814.60.84510.875.482110.32479E100.875E501.01790km/h0.8746160128E105019.981.923210.81110.146.782250.283270.4021.4
E203017.982.720660.84910.805.462120.443330.3830.40.84910.805.462120.44333E200.84930 km/h0.8485287067E205020.182.923110.84510.875.482110.324790.3920.8
E205020.182.923110.84510.875.482110.324790.3920.80.87511.564.511840.26902E200.84550km/h0.8446119515E505018.174.023291.02113.520.611260.8920200.4018.7
E209026.180.431030.90212.183.551660.2711830.3814.50.90212.183.551660.271183E200.90290km/h0.9024432612E09024.876.430940.7889.407.722540.252600.4115.3
E503016.576.420721.00213.470.921430.7519020.3827.41.00213.470.921430.751902E501.00230 km/h1.001974829E109026.080.130840.87511.564.511840.269020.3814.6
E505018.174.023291.02113.520.611260.8920200.4018.71.02113.520.611260.892020E501.02150km/h1.0206699569E209026.180.431030.90212.183.551660.2711830.3814.5
E509023.471.731041.02713.190.78891.0722550.4013.51.02713.190.78891.072255E501.02790km/h1.0268628882E509023.471.731041.02713.190.78891.0722550.4013.5
Lambda influence on HC and NOx emissions
E0E0E0E10E10E10E20E20E20E50E50E50
[km/h]30km/h @2070rpm50 km/h @2320rpm90 km/h @3100rpm305090305090305090
2nd Gear3rd Gear4th Gear
[kW]17.018.624.818.019.926.017.920.126.116.518.123.4
[Nm]78.276.476.483.581.980.182.782.980.476.474.071.7
R.P.M.206923223094206323213084206623113103207223293104
0.7580.7480.7880.8010.8110.8750.8490.8450.9021.0021.0211.027
CO2 [%]8.578.429.409.7110.1411.5610.8010.8712.1813.4713.5213.19
CO [%]9.049.277.727.216.784.515.465.483.550.920.610.78
HC [ppm]27227125425222518421221116614312689
O2 [%]0.430.300.250.420.280.260.440.320.270.750.891.07
NOx [ppm]1021292602323279023334791183190220202255
0.420.440.410.390.400.380.380.390.380.380.400.40
[L/100km]31.721.915.331.821.414.630.420.814.527.418.713.5
Lambda effect on CO, CO2 and O2 emissions
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
[kW]
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
POWER kW
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
TORQUE Nm
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
LAMBDA
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
SFC kg/kWh
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
FUEL CONSUMPTION L/100km
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
CO2 %vol
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
CO %vol
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
HC ppm
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
NOx ppm
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
O2 %vol
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
CO2
CO
O2
CO
CO2
O2
CO & CO2 [%]
O2 [%]
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
HC
NOx
HC
NOx
HC [ppm]
NOx [ppm]
0
0
0
0
0
0
Lambda
Lambda vs Ethanol percentage
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
LAMBDA
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
LAMBDA
000
000
000
000
30 km/h
30 km/h
50 km/h
50 km/h
90 km/h
90 km/h
HC [ppm]
NOx [ppm]
Lambda influence on HC emissions
-
- CO & CO2 ... , 2010
Chart3
8.4169.26920.304
8.57315789479.03857894740.4315
9.40473684217.72373684210.246
9.7147.205650.4165
10.1436.780750.283
10.86755.48337931580.315
10.79555.460250.4352631579
11.56454.51230.258
12.17736842113.55010526320.2694736842
13.46578947370.91544444440.7515789474
13.52315789470.61157894740.891
13.19450.77710526321.065
CO2
CO
O2
CO
CO2
O2
CO & CO2 [%]
O2 [%]
LAMBDA EFFECT ON CO, CO2 and O2 EMISSIONS
Chart2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
Sheet2
Average of NOx [ppm]
Total
0.748129
0.758101.5
0.788259.7368421053
0.801231.95
0.811327.45
0.845479.1578947368
0.849333
0.875902.25
0.9021182.8421052632
1.0021901.7777777778
1.0212019.95
1.0272255
Grand Total843.6345516569
Data
[km/h] [kW] [Nm]R.P.M.CO2 [%]CO [%]HC [ppm]O2 [%]Nox [ppm] -- [L/100km]sortedCO2 [%]CO [%]HC [ppm]O2 [%]NOx [ppm] [km/h] [kW] [Nm]R.P.M.CO2 [%]CO [%]HC [ppm]O2 [%]Nox [ppm] -- [L/100km]
E03017.078.220690.7588.579.042720.431020.4231.70.7488.429.272710.3012930 km/hE00.758E00.758E00.75830 km/h0.7580072738E03017.078.220690.7588.579.042720.431020.4231.7
E05018.676.423220.7488.429.272710.301290.4421.90.7588.579.042720.4310250km/hE00.748E100.829E100.82950km/h0.7477793832E103018.083.520630.8019.717.212520.422320.3931.8
E09024.876.430940.7889.407.722540.252600.4115.30.7889.407.722540.2526090km/hE00.788E200.865E200.86590km/h0.7877378878E203017.982.720660.84910.805.462120.443330.3830.4
E103018.083.520630.8019.717.212520.422320.3931.80.8019.717.212520.42232E100.801E501.017E3030 km/h0.8011353937E503016.576.420721.00213.470.921430.7519020.3827.4
E105019.981.923210.81110.146.782250.283270.4021.40.81110.146.782250.28327E100.811E4050km/h0.8105598765E05018.676.423220.7488.429.272710.301290.4421.9
E109026.080.130840.87511.564.511840.269020.3814.60.84510.875.482110.32479E100.875E501.01790km/h0.8746160128E105019.981.923210.81110.146.782250.283270.4021.4
E203017.982.720660.84910.805.462120.443330.3830.40.84910.805.462120.44333E200.84930 km/h0.8485287067E205020.182.923110.84510.875.482110.324790.3920.8
E205020.182.923110.84510.875.482110.324790.3920.80.87511.564.511840.26902E200.84550km/h0.8446119515E505018.174.023291.02113.520.611260.8920200.4018.7
E209026.180.431030.90212.183.551660.2711830.3814.50.90212.183.551660.271183E200.90290km/h0.9024432612E09024.876.430940.7889.407.722540.252600.4115.3
E503016.576.420721.00213.470.921430.7519020.3827.41.00213.470.921430.751902E501.00230 km/h1.001974829E109026.080.130840.87511.564.511840.269020.3814.6
E505018.174.023291.02113.520.611260.8920200.4018.71.02113.520.611260.892020E501.02150km/h1.0206699569E209026.180.431030.90212.183.551660.2711830.3814.5
E509023.471.731041.02713.190.78891.0722550.4013.51.02713.190.78891.072255E501.02790km/h1.0268628882E509023.471.731041.02713.190.78891.0722550.4013.5
E0E0E0E10E10E10E20E20E20E50E50E50
[km/h]30km/h50 km/h90 km/h305090305090305090
2nd Gear3rd Gear4th Gear
[kW]17.018.624.818.019.926.017.920.126.116.518.123.4
[Nm]78.276.476.483.581.980.182.782.980.476.474.071.7
R.P.M.206923223094206323213084206623113103207223293104
0.7580.7480.7880.8010.8110.8750.8490.8450.9021.0021.0211.027
CO2 [%]8.578.429.409.7110.1411.5610.8010.8712.1813.4713.5213.19
CO [%]9.049.277.727.216.784.515.465.483.550.920.610.78
HC [ppm]27227125425222518421221116614312689
O2 [%]0.430.300.250.420.280.260.440.320.270.750.891.07
NOx [ppm]1021292602323279023334791183190220202255
0.420.440.410.390.400.380.380.390.380.380.400.40
[L/100km]31.721.915.331.821.414.630.420.814.527.418.713.5
Data
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
[kW]
Data (EN)
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
[kW]
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
[Nm]
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
[kg/kWh]
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
[L/100km]
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
CO2 [%vol]
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
CO [%vol]
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
HC [ppm]
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
NOx [ppm]
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
O2 [%vol]
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
CO2
CO
O2
CO
CO2
O2
CO & CO2 [%]
O2 [%]
LAMBDA EFFECT ON CO, CO2 and O2 EMISSIONS
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
HC
NOx
HC
NOx
HC [ppm]
NOx [ppm]
LAMBDA INFLUENCE ON HC and NOx EMISSIONS
0
0
0
0
0
0
Lambda
Lambda vs Ethanol percentage
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
LAMBDA
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
LAMBDA
000
000
000
000
30 km/h
30 km/h
50 km/h
50 km/h
90 km/h
90 km/h
HC [ppm]
NOx [ppm]
Lambda influence on HC emissions
[km/h] [kW] [Nm]R.P.M.CO2 [%]CO [%]HC [ppm]O2 [%]Nox [ppm] -- [L/100km]sortedCO2 [%]CO [%]HC [ppm]O2 [%]NOx [ppm] [km/h] [kW] [Nm]R.P.M.CO2 [%]CO [%]HC [ppm]O2 [%]Nox [ppm] -- [L/100km]
E03017.078.220690.7588.579.042720.431020.4231.70.7488.429.272710.3012930 km/hE00.758E00.758E00.75830 km/h0.7580072738E03017.078.220690.7588.579.042720.431020.4231.7
E05018.676.423220.7488.429.272710.301290.4421.90.7588.579.042720.4310250km/hE00.748E100.829E100.82950km/h0.7477793832E103018.083.520630.8019.717.212520.422320.3931.8
E09024.876.430940.7889.407.722540.252600.4115.30.7889.407.722540.2526090km/hE00.788E200.865E200.86590km/h0.7877378878E203017.982.720660.84910.805.462120.443330.3830.4
E103018.083.520630.8019.717.212520.422320.3931.80.8019.717.212520.42232E100.801E501.017E3030 km/h0.8011353937E503016.576.420721.00213.470.921430.7519020.3827.4
E105019.981.923210.81110.146.782250.283270.4021.40.81110.146.782250.28327E100.811E4050km/h0.8105598765E05018.676.423220.7488.429.272710.301290.4421.9
E109026.080.130840.87511.564.511840.269020.3814.60.84510.875.482110.32479E100.875E501.01790km/h0.8746160128E105019.981.923210.81110.146.782250.283270.4021.4
E203017.982.720660.84910.805.462120.443330.3830.40.84910.805.462120.44333E200.84930 km/h0.8485287067E205020.182.923110.84510.875.482110.324790.3920.8
E205020.182.923110.84510.875.482110.324790.3920.80.87511.564.511840.26902E200.84550km/h0.8446119515E505018.174.023291.02113.520.611260.8920200.4018.7
E209026.180.431030.90212.183.551660.2711830.3814.50.90212.183.551660.271183E200.90290km/h0.9024432612E09024.876.430940.7889.407.722540.252600.4115.3
E503016.576.420721.00213.470.921430.7519020.3827.41.00213.470.921430.751902E501.00230 km/h1.001974829E109026.080.130840.87511.564.511840.269020.3814.6
E505018.174.023291.02113.520.611260.8920200.4018.71.02113.520.611260.892020E501.02150km/h1.0206699569E209026.180.431030.90212.183.551660.2711830.3814.5
E509023.471.731041.02713.190.78891.0722550.4013.51.02713.190.78891.072255E501.02790km/h1.0268628882E509023.471.731041.02713.190.78891.0722550.4013.5
Lambda influence on HC and NOx emissions
E0E0E0E10E10E10E20E20E20E50E50E50
[km/h]30km/h @2070rpm50 km/h @2320rpm90 km/h @3100rpm305090305090305090
2nd Gear3rd Gear4th Gear
[kW]17.018.624.818.019.926.017.920.126.116.518.123.4
[Nm]78.276.476.483.581.980.182.782.980.476.474.071.7
R.P.M.206923223094206323213084206623113103207223293104
0.7580.7480.7880.8010.8110.8750.8490.8450.9021.0021.0211.027
CO2 [%]8.578.429.409.7110.1411.5610.8010.8712.1813.4713.5213.19
CO [%]9.049.277.727.216.784.515.465.483.550.920.610.78
HC [ppm]27227125425222518421221116614312689
O2 [%]0.430.300.250.420.280.260.440.320.270.750.891.07
NOx [ppm]1021292602323279023334791183190220202255
0.420.440.410.390.400.380.380.390.380.380.400.40
[L/100km]31.721.915.331.821.414.630.420.814.527.418.713.5
Lambda effect on CO, CO2 and O2 emissions
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
[kW]
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
POWER kW
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
TORQUE Nm
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
LAMBDA
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
SFC kg/kWh
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
FUEL CONSUMPTION L/100km
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
CO2 %vol
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
CO %vol
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
HC ppm
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
NOx ppm
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
O2 %vol
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
CO2
CO
O2
CO
CO2
O2
CO & CO2 [%]
O2 [%]
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
HC
NOx
HC
NOx
HC [ppm]
NOx [ppm]
0
0
0
0
0
0
Lambda
Lambda vs Ethanol percentage
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
LAMBDA
0000
0000
0000
E0
E10
E20
E50
LAMBDA
000
000
000
000
30 km/h
30 km/h
50 km/h
50 km/h
90 km/h
90 km/h
HC [ppm]
NOx [ppm]
Lambda influence on HC emissions
-
... , 2010
Chart3
686.7492221562749.7162061041805.4874545121
666.3595113972735.0362213421808.7147561871
679.3377452011732.5081451441820.0763586462
691.0078712432813.193611038812.1547070094
675.8813402401797.6934678684809.5240568507
695.2979306654783.7004022741844.8638574909
725.9499142968794.7108475737817.6698574469
708.7693761706793.7191942747814.1859314787
714.2050938375771.8411699967823.7974541064
674.78254393731.6773812283794.1760624425
645.386696242710.8870754574745.7165402903
597.8677506025688.3646725769745.7165402903
0
4
12
kPa
LAMBDA & IGNITION TIMING INFLUENCEON COMBUSTION CHAMBER PRESSURE
Conclusions
E10E20E50
1CO-29%-44%-91%
0
2HC-17%-26%-55%
0
3NOx200%310%1160%
0
3CO2
advance
4 (partial data)6%6%-4%
20 12
50 0
5 (partial data)6%6%-4%
20 12
50 0
6-1%-5%-13%
50 0
10 12
7
Chart1
0
0
0
Total
Sheet1
SPEED(All)
FUELE0
ADVANCE12
Average of NOx [ppm]
Total
0.769187.1111111111
0.776163.4
0.826592.5555555556
Grand Total314.3555555556
DATA
ADVANCEFUELSPEEDPOWERTORQUER.P.M.CO2 [%]CO [%]HC [ppm]O2 [%]NOx [ppm]SPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTIONFUEL CONSUMPTION [L/100km]COMBUSTION CHAMBER PRESSURE [kPa]- [g/s]
0E030 km/h15.471.320720.7718.878.602260.391050.4632.26871.9500 BTDC0
0E050 km/h16.768.923160.7699.008.532120.271170.4621.06662.2410 BTDC0
0E090 km/h22.870.130870.81710.276.671950.202240.4314.86792.8240 BTDC0
0E1030 km/h15.471.520650.7859.337.812080.401110.4631.86911.9730 BTDC0
0E1050 km/h16.969.623170.7839.497.771980.281290.4821.66762.2050 BTDC0
0E1090 km/h23.372.030910.81110.226.652020.212130.4415.46952.7190 BTDC0
0E2030 km/h16.275.120700.86110.985.161820.502950.4129.97261.8940 BTDC0
0E2050 km/h17.873.223200.85911.125.001770.343550.4320.47092.1680 BTDC0
0E2090 km/h24.073.730950.89012.003.871510.227500.4114.57142.7070 BTDC0
0E5030 km/h15.270.020831.03013.610.381130.9313900.4127.36751.7470 BTDC0
0E5050 km/h16.466.923411.02713.700.37830.8113930.4318.46451.9890 BTDC0
0E5090 km/h20.161.931061.05613.380.36451.3613010.4513.25982.5800 BTDC0
4E030 km/h17.078.220690.7598.579.042720.431020.4231.77501.9934 BTDC4
4E050 km/h18.676.423220.7498.429.272710.301290.4421.97352.2214 BTDC4
4E090 km/h24.876.430940.7889.407.722540.252600.4115.37332.7644 BTDC4
4E1030 km/h18.083.520630.8019.717.212520.422320.3931.88131.8984 BTDC4
4E1050 km/h19.981.923210.81010.146.782250.283270.4021.47982.1154 BTDC4
4E1090 km/h26.080.130840.87411.564.511840.269020.3814.67842.7254 BTDC4
4E2030 km/h17.982.720660.84910.805.462120.443330.3830.47951.9704 BTDC4
4E2050 km/h20.182.923110.84510.875.482110.324790.3920.87942.1484 BTDC4
4E2090 km/h26.180.431030.90212.183.551660.2711830.3814.57722.7064 BTDC4
4E5030 km/h16.576.420721.00213.470.921430.7519020.3827.47321.7944 BTDC4
4E5050 km/h18.174.023291.02113.520.611260.8920200.4018.77112.1204 BTDC4
4E5090 km/h23.471.731041.02713.190.78891.0722550.4013.56882.6924 BTDC4
8E030 km/h18.183.820660.7698.848.723490.481310.4032.48081.9838 BTDC8
8E050 km/h20.082.423200.7759.108.333020.341780.4021.77972.1558 BTDC8
8E090 km/h26.682.031000.82010.266.562570.264170.3715.07922.7368 BTDC8
8E1030 km/h18.184.020670.8139.876.812670.462590.3830.68101.9688 BTDC8
8E1050 km/h20.082.623150.81710.136.512630.333360.3820.57982.2328 BTDC8
8E1090 km/h26.581.930980.85211.095.242440.266920.3714.77952.8708 BTDC8
8E2030 km/h17.982.620690.8099.866.832660.512390.4031.67901.8658 BTDC8
8E2050 km/h19.982.823070.84410.865.532380.374860.3920.77912.1238 BTDC8
8E2090 km/h26.581.731020.88911.863.952030.2910760.3714.57812.7068 BTDC8
8E5030 km/h17.982.820721.00013.261.021860.7821920.3628.17961.7438 BTDC8
8E5050 km/h19.881.623220.96012.931.831900.4918140.3920.07851.9588 BTDC8
8E5090 km/h26.180.730951.00413.560.791630.6231460.3714.17752.5218 BTDC8
12E030 km/h18.585.920630.7768.938.522990.541630.3831.68051.94512 BTDC12
12E050 km/h20.383.423210.7698.888.643150.401870.4021.18092.16712 BTDC12
12E090 km/h27.383.731090.82610.446.392670.275930.3614.88202.73112 BTDC12
12E1030 km/h18.384.420710.7528.539.063050.501210.4234.58122.13712 BTDC12
12E1050 km/h20.283.523110.7628.988.582970.361800.4122.68102.33212 BTDC12
12E1090 km/h27.083.330980.81610.336.562360.254520.3815.58452.87412 BTDC12
12E2030 km/h18.887.420630.84510.595.722500.574150.3630.38181.89212 BTDC12
12E2050 km/h20.484.123150.83010.476.022760.384410.3820.58142.13212 BTDC12
12E2090 km/h27.384.231050.89812.093.692140.2914610.3514.38242.68012 BTDC12
12E5030 km/h18.686.120651.00913.440.861750.8226170.3527.87941.77012 BTDC12
12E5050 km/h20.283.323251.00413.500.911800.6927590.3618.77461.98312 BTDC12
12E5090 km/h25.378.130941.07613.210.311191.6538400.3713.37462.54412 BTDC12
[] [km/h] [kW] [Nm]R.P.M.CO2 [%]CO [%]HC [ppm]O2 [%]NOx [ppm] - [L/100km] [kN/m2]- [g/s]
MINIMUM15.261.920630.7498.420.31450.201020.3513.25981.743
MAXIMUM27.387.431091.07613.709.273491.6538400.4834.58452.874
Sheet2
ADVANCEFUELSPEEDPOWERTORQUER.P.M.CO2 [%]CO [%]HC [ppm]O2 [%]NOx [ppm]SPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTIONFUEL CONSUMPTION [L/100km]COMBUSTION CHAMBER PRESSURE [kPa]
0E030 km/h15.471.320720.7718.878.602260.391050.4632.2687
0E050 km/h16.768.923160.7699.008.532120.271170.4621.0666
0E090 km/h22.870.130870.81710.276.671950.202240.4314.8679
0E1030 km/h15.471.520650.7859.337.812080.401110.4631.8691
0E1050 km/h16.969.623170.7839.497.771980.281290.4821.6676
0E1090 km/h23.372.030910.81110.226.652020.212130.4415.4695
0E2030 km/h16.275.120700.86110.985.161820.502950.4129.9726
0E2050 km/h17.873.223200.85911.125.001770.343550.4320.4709
0E2090 km/h24.073.730950.89012.003.871510.227500.4114.5714
0E5030 km/h15.270.020831.03013.610.381130.9313900.4127.3675
0E5050 km/h16.466.923411.02713.700.37830.8113930.4318.4645
0E5090 km/h20.161.931061.05613.380.36451.3613010.4513.2598
4E030 km/h17.078.220690.7598.579.042720.431020.4231.7750
4E050 km/h18.676.423220.7498.429.272710.301290.4421.9735
4E090 km/h24.876.430940.7889.407.722540.252600.4115.3733
4E1030 km/h18.083.520630.8019.717.212520.422320.3931.8813
4E1050 km/h19.981.923210.81010.146.782250.283270.4021.4798
4E1090 km/h26.080.130840.87411.564.511840.269020.3814.6784
4E2030 km/h17.982.720660.84910.805.462120.443330.3830.4795
4E2050 km/h20.182.923110.84510.875.482110.324790.3920.8794
4E2090 km/h26.180.431030.90212.183.551660.2711830.3814.5772
4E5030 km/h16.576.420721.00213.470.921430.7519020.3827.4732
4E5050 km/h18.174.023291.02113.520.611260.8920200.4018.7711
4E5090 km/h23.471.731041.02713.190.78891.0722550.4013.5688
8E030 km/h18.183.820660.7698.848.723490.481310.4032.4808
8E050 km/h20.082.423200.7759.108.333020.341780.4021.7797
8E090 km/h26.682.031000.82010.266.562570.264170.3715.0792
8E1030 km/h18.184.020670.8139.876.812670.462590.3830.6810
8E1050 km/h20.082.623150.81710.136.512630.333360.3820.5798
8E1090 km/h26.581.930980.85211.095.242440.266920.3714.7795
8E2030 km/h17.982.620690.8099.866.832660.512390.4031.6790
8E2050 km/h19.982.823070.84410.865.532380.374860.3920.7791
8E2090 km/h26.581.731020.88911.863.952030.2910760.3714.5781
8E5030 km/h17.982.820721.00013.261.021860.7821920.3628.1796
8E5050 km/h19.881.623220.96012.931.831900.4918140.3920.0785
8E5090 km/h26.180.730951.00413.560.791630.6231460.3714.1775
12E030 km/h18.585.920630.7768.938.522990.541630.3831.6805
12E050 km/h20.383.423210.7698.888.643150.401870.4021.1809
12E090 km/h27.383.731090.82610.446.392670.275930.3614.8820
12E1030 km/h18.384.420710.7528.539.063050.501210.4234.5812
12E1050 km/h20.283.523110.7628.988.582970.361800.4122.6810
12E1090 km/h27.083.330980.81610.336.562360.254520.3815.5845
12E2030 km/h18.887.420630.84510.595.722500.574150.3630.3818
12E2050 km/h20.484.123150.83010.476.022760.384410.3820.5814
12E2090 km/h27.384.231050.89812.093.692140.2914610.3514.3824
12E5030 km/h18.686.120651.00913.440.861750.8226170.3527.8794
12E5050 km/h20.283.323251.00413.500.911800.6927590.3618.7746
12E5090 km/h25.378.130941.07613.210.311191.6538400.3713.3746
Sheet2
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0
4
8
12
NOx ppm
LAMBDA & IGNITION TIMING INFLUENCE ON NOx EMISSIONS
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0
4
8
12
CO % vol
LAMBDA & IGNITION TIMING INFLUENCE ON CO EMISSIONS
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0
4
8
12
TORQUE Nm
LAMBDA & IGNITION TIMING INFLUENCE ON TORQUE
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0
4
8
12
kg/kWh
LAMBDA & IGNITION TIMING INFLUENCEON SPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTION
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0
4
8
12
HC ppm
LAMBDA & IGNITION TIMING INFLUENCE ON HC EMISSIONS
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0
4
8
12
kPa
LAMBDA & IGNITION TIMING INFLUENCEON COMBUSTION CHAMBER PRESSURE
-
... , 2010
Chart4
71.349879260678.2336632485.9244816636
68.944827150776.41729882383.4150049795
70.147353205776.41729882383.7161421816
71.459589252283.520474343184.4431279194
69.560663104381.929608165283.4692097993
71.959306659680.125291392783.3364027829
75.051843737682.741563603287.3937024855
73.150530362982.940157611884.0580649861
73.650875987880.404831383384.1581341111
69.995830836676.371923918886.0753947567
66.887133478574.049764787583.3412351585
61.873105481671.740801392978.0754463028
0
4
12
TORQUE Nm
LAMBDA & IGNITION TIMING INFLUENCE ON TORQUE
Conclusions
E10E20E50
1CO-29%-44%-91%
0
2HC-17%-26%-55%
0
3NOx200%310%1160%
0
3CO2
advance
4 (partial data)6%6%-4%
20 12
50 0
5 (partial data)6%6%-4%
20 12
50 0
6-1%-5%-13%
50 0
10 12
7
Chart1
0
0
0
Total
Sheet1
SPEED(All)
FUELE0
ADVANCE12
Average of NOx [ppm]
Total
0.769187.1111111111
0.776163.4
0.826592.5555555556
Grand Total314.3555555556
DATA
ADVANCEFUELSPEEDPOWERTORQUER.P.M.CO2 [%]CO [%]HC [ppm]O2 [%]NOx [ppm]SPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTIONFUEL CONSUMPTION [L/100km]COMBUSTION CHAMBER PRESSURE [kPa]- [g/s]
0E030 km/h15.471.320720.7718.878.602260.391050.4632.26871.9500 BTDC0
0E050 km/h16.768.923160.7699.008.532120.271170.4621.06662.2410 BTDC0
0E090 km/h22.870.130870.81710.276.671950.202240.4314.86792.8240 BTDC0
0E1030 km/h15.471.520650.7859.337.812080.401110.4631.86911.9730 BTDC0
0E1050 km/h16.969.623170.7839.497.771980.281290.4821.66762.2050 BTDC0
0E1090 km/h23.372.030910.81110.226.652020.212130.4415.46952.7190 BTDC0
0E2030 km/h16.275.120700.86110.985.161820.502950.4129.97261.8940 BTDC0
0E2050 km/h17.873.223200.85911.125.001770.343550.4320.47092.1680 BTDC0
0E2090 km/h24.073.730950.89012.003.871510.227500.4114.57142.7070 BTDC0
0E5030 km/h15.270.020831.03013.610.381130.9313900.4127.36751.7470 BTDC0
0E5050 km/h16.466.923411.02713.700.37830.8113930.4318.46451.9890 BTDC0
0E5090 km/h20.161.931061.05613.380.36451.3613010.4513.25982.5800 BTDC0
4E030 km/h17.078.220690.7598.579.042720.431020.4231.77501.9934 BTDC4
4E050 km/h18.676.423220.7498.429.272710.301290.4421.97352.2214 BTDC4
4E090 km/h24.876.430940.7889.407.722540.252600.4115.37332.7644 BTDC4
4E1030 km/h18.083.520630.8019.717.212520.422320.3931.88131.8984 BTDC4
4E1050 km/h19.981.923210.81010.146.782250.283270.4021.47982.1154 BTDC4
4E1090 km/h26.080.130840.87411.564.511840.269020.3814.67842.7254 BTDC4
4E2030 km/h17.982.720660.84910.805.462120.443330.3830.47951.9704 BTDC4
4E2050 km/h20.182.923110.84510.875.482110.324790.3920.87942.1484 BTDC4
4E2090 km/h26.180.431030.90212.183.551660.2711830.3814.57722.7064 BTDC4
4E5030 km/h16.576.420721.00213.470.921430.7519020.3827.47321.7944 BTDC4
4E5050 km/h18.174.023291.02113.520.611260.8920200.4018.77112.1204 BTDC4
4E5090 km/h23.471.731041.02713.190.78891.0722550.4013.56882.6924 BTDC4
8E030 km/h18.183.820660.7698.848.723490.481310.4032.48081.9838 BTDC8
8E050 km/h20.082.423200.7759.108.333020.341780.4021.77972.1558 BTDC8
8E090 km/h26.682.031000.82010.266.562570.264170.3715.07922.7368 BTDC8
8E1030 km/h18.184.020670.8139.876.812670.462590.3830.68101.9688 BTDC8
8E1050 km/h20.082.623150.81710.136.512630.333360.3820.57982.2328 BTDC8
8E1090 km/h26.581.930980.85211.095.242440.266920.3714.77952.8708 BTDC8
8E2030 km/h17.982.620690.8099.866.832660.512390.4031.67901.8658 BTDC8
8E2050 km/h19.982.823070.84410.865.532380.374860.3920.77912.1238 BTDC8
8E2090 km/h26.581.731020.88911.863.952030.2910760.3714.57812.7068 BTDC8
8E5030 km/h17.982.820721.00013.261.021860.7821920.3628.17961.7438 BTDC8
8E5050 km/h19.881.623220.96012.931.831900.4918140.3920.07851.9588 BTDC8
8E5090 km/h26.180.730951.00413.560.791630.6231460.3714.17752.5218 BTDC8
12E030 km/h18.585.920630.7768.938.522990.541630.3831.68051.94512 BTDC12
12E050 km/h20.383.423210.7698.888.643150.401870.4021.18092.16712 BTDC12
12E090 km/h27.383.731090.82610.446.392670.275930.3614.88202.73112 BTDC12
12E1030 km/h18.384.420710.7528.539.063050.501210.4234.58122.13712 BTDC12
12E1050 km/h20.283.523110.7628.988.582970.361800.4122.68102.33212 BTDC12
12E1090 km/h27.083.330980.81610.336.562360.254520.3815.58452.87412 BTDC12
12E2030 km/h18.887.420630.84510.595.722500.574150.3630.38181.89212 BTDC12
12E2050 km/h20.484.123150.83010.476.022760.384410.3820.58142.13212 BTDC12
12E2090 km/h27.384.231050.89812.093.692140.2914610.3514.38242.68012 BTDC12
12E5030 km/h18.686.120651.00913.440.861750.8226170.3527.87941.77012 BTDC12
12E5050 km/h20.283.323251.00413.500.911800.6927590.3618.77461.98312 BTDC12
12E5090 km/h25.378.130941.07613.210.311191.6538400.3713.37462.54412 BTDC12
[] [km/h] [kW] [Nm]R.P.M.CO2 [%]CO [%]HC [ppm]O2 [%]NOx [ppm] - [L/100km] [kN/m2]- [g/s]
MINIMUM15.261.920630.7498.420.31450.201020.3513.25981.743
MAXIMUM27.387.431091.07613.709.273491.6538400.4834.58452.874
Sheet2
ADVANCEFUELSPEEDPOWERTORQUER.P.M.CO2 [%]CO [%]HC [ppm]O2 [%]NOx [ppm]SPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTIONFUEL CONSUMPTION [L/100km]COMBUSTION CHAMBER PRESSURE [kPa]
0E030 km/h15.471.320720.7718.878.602260.391050.4632.2687
0E050 km/h16.768.923160.7699.008.532120.271170.4621.0666
0E090 km/h22.870.130870.81710.276.671950.202240.4314.8679
0E1030 km/h15.471.520650.7859.337.812080.401110.4631.8691
0E1050 km/h16.969.623170.7839.497.771980.281290.4821.6676
0E1090 km/h23.372.030910.81110.226.652020.212130.4415.4695
0E2030 km/h16.275.120700.86110.985.161820.502950.4129.9726
0E2050 km/h17.873.223200.85911.125.001770.343550.4320.4709
0E2090 km/h24.073.730950.89012.003.871510.227500.4114.5714
0E5030 km/h15.270.020831.03013.610.381130.9313900.4127.3675
0E5050 km/h16.466.923411.02713.700.37830.8113930.4318.4645
0E5090 km/h20.161.931061.05613.380.36451.3613010.4513.2598
4E030 km/h17.078.220690.7598.579.042720.431020.4231.7750
4E050 km/h18.676.423220.7498.429.272710.301290.4421.9735
4E090 km/h24.876.430940.7889.407.722540.252600.4115.3733
4E1030 km/h18.083.520630.8019.717.212520.422320.3931.8813
4E1050 km/h19.981.923210.81010.146.782250.283270.4021.4798
4E1090 km/h26.080.130840.87411.564.511840.269020.3814.6784
4E2030 km/h17.982.720660.84910.805.462120.443330.3830.4795
4E2050 km/h20.182.923110.84510.875.482110.324790.3920.8794
4E2090 km/h26.180.431030.90212.183.551660.2711830.3814.5772
4E5030 km/h16.576.420721.00213.470.921430.7519020.3827.4732
4E5050 km/h18.174.023291.02113.520.611260.8920200.4018.7711
4E5090 km/h23.471.731041.02713.190.78891.0722550.4013.5688
8E030 km/h18.183.820660.7698.848.723490.481310.4032.4808
8E050 km/h20.082.423200.7759.108.333020.341780.4021.7797
8E090 km/h26.682.031000.82010.266.562570.264170.3715.0792
8E1030 km/h18.184.020670.8139.876.812670.462590.3830.6810
8E1050 km/h20.082.623150.81710.136.512630.333360.3820.5798
8E1090 km/h26.581.930980.85211.095.242440.266920.3714.7795
8E2030 km/h17.982.620690.8099.866.832660.512390.4031.6790
8E2050 km/h19.982.823070.84410.865.532380.374860.3920.7791
8E2090 km/h26.581.731020.88911.863.952030.2910760.3714.5781
8E5030 km/h17.982.820721.00013.261.021860.7821920.3628.1796
8E5050 km/h19.881.623220.96012.931.831900.4918140.3920.0785
8E5090 km/h26.180.730951.00413.560.791630.6231460.3714.1775
12E030 km/h18.585.920630.7768.938.522990.541630.3831.6805
12E050 km/h20.383.423210.7698.888.643150.401870.4021.1809
12E090 km/h27.383.731090.82610.446.392670.275930.3614.8820
12E1030 km/h18.384.420710.7528.539.063050.501210.4234.5812
12E1050 km/h20.283.523110.7628.988.582970.361800.4122.6810
12E1090 km/h27.083.330980.81610.336.562360.254520.3815.5845
12E2030 km/h18.887.420630.84510.595.722500.574150.3630.3818
12E2050 km/h20.484.123150.83010.476.022760.384410.3820.5814
12E2090 km/h27.384.231050.89812.093.692140.2914610.3514.3824
12E5030 km/h18.686.120651.00913.440.861750.8226170.3527.8794
12E5050 km/h20.283.323251.00413.500.911800.6927590.3618.7746
12E5090 km/h25.378.130941.07613.210.311191.6538400.3713.3746
Sheet2
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0
4
8
12
NOx ppm
LAMBDA & IGNITION TIMING INFLUENCE ON NOx EMISSIONS
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0
4
8
12
CO % vol
LAMBDA & IGNITION TIMING INFLUENCE ON CO EMISSIONS
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0
4
8
12
TORQUE Nm
LAMBDA & IGNITION TIMING INFLUENCE ON TORQUE
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0
4
8
12
kg/kWh
LAMBDA & IGNITION TIMING INFLUENCEON SPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTION
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0
4
8
12
HC ppm
LAMBDA & IGNITION TIMING INFLUENCE ON HC EMISSIONS
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0
4
8
12
kPa
LAMBDA & IGNITION TIMING INFLUENCEON COMBUSTION CHAMBER PRESSURE
-
... , 2010
Chart5
0.46384365170.41825215970.3791512392
0.46490956520.43747063450.396183085
0.43317366730.41370047630.3608429769
0.46121674780.3920870750.417980162
0.47651917530.39675798080.4138621202
0.44384138340.37550817510.3823404191
0.41449137380.3844848790.3609499459
0.43056223380.39271544120.3764903064
0.41027271240.37624668540.3546301229
0.41301950130.38310688120.3466256335
0.43192331560.39998429880.3590639298
0.45238923310.40287333020.3661721256
0
4
12
kg/kWh
LAMBDA & IGNITION TIMING INFLUENCEON SPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTION
Conclusions
E10E20E50
1CO-29%-44%-91%
0
2HC-17%-26%-55%
0
3NOx200%310%1160%
0
3CO2
advance
4 (partial data)6%6%-4%
20 12
50 0
5 (partial data)6%6%-4%
20 12
50 0
6-1%-5%-13%
50 0
10 12
7
Chart1
0
0
0
Total
Sheet1
SPEED(All)
FUELE0
ADVANCE12
Average of NOx [ppm]
Total
0.769187.1111111111
0.776163.4
0.826592.5555555556
Grand Total314.3555555556
DATA
ADVANCEFUELSPEEDPOWERTORQUER.P.M.CO2 [%]CO [%]HC [ppm]O2 [%]NOx [ppm]SPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTIONFUEL CONSUMPTION [L/100km]COMBUSTION CHAMBER PRESSURE [kPa]- [g/s]
0E030 km/h15.471.320720.7718.878.602260.391050.4632.26871.9500 BTDC0
0E050 km/h16.768.923160.7699.008.532120.271170.4621.06662.2410 BTDC0
0E090 km/h22.870.130870.81710.276.671950.202240.4314.86792.8240 BTDC0
0E1030 km/h15.471.520650.7859.337.812080.401110.4631.86911.9730 BTDC0
0E1050 km/h16.969.623170.7839.497.771980.281290.4821.66762.2050 BTDC0
0E1090 km/h23.372.030910.81110.226.652020.212130.4415.46952.7190 BTDC0
0E2030 km/h16.275.120700.86110.985.161820.502950.4129.97261.8940 BTDC0
0E2050 km/h17.873.223200.85911.125.001770.343550.4320.47092.1680 BTDC0
0E2090 km/h24.073.730950.89012.003.871510.227500.4114.57142.7070 BTDC0
0E5030 km/h15.270.020831.03013.610.381130.9313900.4127.36751.7470 BTDC0
0E5050 km/h16.466.923411.02713.700.37830.8113930.4318.46451.9890 BTDC0
0E5090 km/h20.161.931061.05613.380.36451.3613010.4513.25982.5800 BTDC0
4E030 km/h17.078.220690.7598.579.042720.431020.4231.77501.9934 BTDC4
4E050 km/h18.676.423220.7498.429.272710.301290.4421.97352.2214 BTDC4
4E090 km/h24.876.430940.7889.407.722540.252600.4115.37332.7644 BTDC4
4E1030 km/h18.083.520630.8019.717.212520.422320.3931.88131.8984 BTDC4
4E1050 km/h19.981.923210.81010.146.782250.283270.4021.47982.1154 BTDC4
4E1090 km/h26.080.130840.87411.564.511840.269020.3814.67842.7254 BTDC4
4E2030 km/h17.982.720660.84910.805.462120.443330.3830.47951.9704 BTDC4
4E2050 km/h20.182.923110.84510.875.482110.324790.3920.87942.1484 BTDC4
4E2090 km/h26.180.431030.90212.183.551660.2711830.3814.57722.7064 BTDC4
4E5030 km/h16.576.420721.00213.470.921430.7519020.3827.47321.7944 BTDC4
4E5050 km/h18.174.023291.02113.520.611260.8920200.4018.77112.1204 BTDC4
4E5090 km/h23.471.731041.02713.190.78891.0722550.4013.56882.6924 BTDC4
8E030 km/h18.183.820660.7698.848.723490.481310.4032.48081.9838 BTDC8
8E050 km/h20.082.423200.7759.108.333020.341780.4021.77972.1558 BTDC8
8E090 km/h26.682.031000.82010.266.562570.264170.3715.07922.7368 BTDC8
8E1030 km/h18.184.020670.8139.876.812670.462590.3830.68101.9688 BTDC8
8E1050 km/h20.082.623150.81710.136.512630.333360.3820.57982.2328 BTDC8
8E1090 km/h26.581.930980.85211.095.242440.266920.3714.77952.8708 BTDC8
8E2030 km/h17.982.620690.8099.866.832660.512390.4031.67901.8658 BTDC8
8E2050 km/h19.982.823070.84410.865.532380.374860.3920.77912.1238 BTDC8
8E2090 km/h26.581.731020.88911.863.952030.2910760.3714.57812.7068 BTDC8
8E5030 km/h17.982.820721.00013.261.021860.7821920.3628.17961.7438 BTDC8
8E5050 km/h19.881.623220.96012.931.831900.4918140.3920.07851.9588 BTDC8
8E5090 km/h26.180.730951.00413.560.791630.6231460.3714.17752.5218 BTDC8
12E030 km/h18.585.920630.7768.938.522990.541630.3831.68051.94512 BTDC12
12E050 km/h20.383.423210.7698.888.643150.401870.4021.18092.16712 BTDC12
12E090 km/h27.383.731090.82610.446.392670.275930.3614.88202.73112 BTDC12
12E1030 km/h18.384.420710.7528.539.063050.501210.4234.58122.13712 BTDC12
12E1050 km/h20.283.523110.7628.988.582970.361800.4122.68102.33212 BTDC12
12E1090 km/h27.083.330980.81610.336.562360.254520.3815.58452.87412 BTDC12
12E2030 km/h18.887.420630.84510.595.722500.574150.3630.38181.89212 BTDC12
12E2050 km/h20.484.123150.83010.476.022760.384410.3820.58142.13212 BTDC12
12E2090 km/h27.384.231050.89812.093.692140.2914610.3514.38242.68012 BTDC12
12E5030 km/h18.686.120651.00913.440.861750.8226170.3527.87941.77012 BTDC12
12E5050 km/h20.283.323251.00413.500.911800.6927590.3618.77461.98312 BTDC12
12E5090 km/h25.378.130941.07613.210.311191.6538400.3713.37462.54412 BTDC12
[] [km/h] [kW] [Nm]R.P.M.CO2 [%]CO [%]HC [ppm]O2 [%]NOx [ppm] - [L/100km] [kN/m2]- [g/s]
MINIMUM15.261.920630.7498.420.31450.201020.3513.25981.743
MAXIMUM27.387.431091.07613.709.273491.6538400.4834.58452.874
Sheet2
ADVANCEFUELSPEEDPOWERTORQUER.P.M.CO2 [%]CO [%]HC [ppm]O2 [%]NOx [ppm]SPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTIONFUEL CONSUMPTION [L/100km]COMBUSTION CHAMBER PRESSURE [kPa]
0E030 km/h15.471.320720.7718.878.602260.391050.4632.2687
0E050 km/h16.768.923160.7699.008.532120.271170.4621.0666
0E090 km/h22.870.130870.81710.276.671950.202240.4314.8679
0E1030 km/h15.471.520650.7859.337.812080.401110.4631.8691
0E1050 km/h16.969.623170.7839.497.771980.281290.4821.6676
0E1090 km/h23.372.030910.81110.226.652020.212130.4415.4695
0E2030 km/h16.275.120700.86110.985.161820.502950.4129.9726
0E2050 km/h17.873.223200.85911.125.001770.343550.4320.4709
0E2090 km/h24.073.730950.89012.003.871510.227500.4114.5714
0E5030 km/h15.270.020831.03013.610.381130.9313900.4127.3675
0E5050 km/h16.466.923411.02713.700.37830.8113930.4318.4645
0E5090 km/h20.161.931061.05613.380.36451.3613010.4513.2598
4E030 km/h17.078.220690.7598.579.042720.431020.4231.7750
4E050 km/h18.676.423220.7498.429.272710.301290.4421.9735
4E090 km/h24.876.430940.7889.407.722540.252600.4115.3733
4E1030 km/h18.083.520630.8019.717.212520.422320.3931.8813
4E1050 km/h19.981.923210.81010.146.782250.283270.4021.4798
4E1090 km/h26.080.130840.87411.564.511840.269020.3814.6784
4E2030 km/h17.982.720660.84910.805.462120.443330.3830.4795
4E2050 km/h20.182.923110.84510.875.482110.324790.3920.8794
4E2090 km/h26.180.431030.90212.183.551660.2711830.3814.5772
4E5030 km/h16.576.420721.00213.470.921430.7519020.3827.4732
4E5050 km/h18.174.023291.02113.520.611260.8920200.4018.7711
4E5090 km/h23.471.731041.02713.190.78891.0722550.4013.5688
8E030 km/h18.183.820660.7698.848.723490.481310.4032.4808
8E050 km/h20.082.423200.7759.108.333020.341780.4021.7797
8E090 km/h26.682.031000.82010.266.562570.264170.3715.0792
8E1030 km/h18.184.020670.8139.876.812670.462590.3830.6810
8E1050 km/h20.082.623150.81710.136.512630.333360.3820.5798
8E1090 km/h26.581.930980.85211.095.242440.266920.3714.7795
8E2030 km/h17.982.620690.8099.866.832660.512390.4031.6790
8E2050 km/h19.982.823070.84410.865.532380.374860.3920.7791
8E2090 km/h26.581.731020.88911.863.952030.2910760.3714.5781
8E5030 km/h17.982.820721.00013.261.021860.7821920.3628.1796
8E5050 km/h19.881.623220.96012.931.831900.4918140.3920.0785
8E5090 km/h26.180.730951.00413.560.791630.6231460.3714.1775
12E030 km/h18.585.920630.7768.938.522990.541630.3831.6805
12E050 km/h20.383.423210.7698.888.643150.401870.4021.1809
12E090 km/h27.383.731090.82610.446.392670.275930.3614.8820
12E1030 km/h18.384.420710.7528.539.063050.501210.4234.5812
12E1050 km/h20.283.523110.7628.988.582970.361800.4122.6810
12E1090 km/h27.083.330980.81610.336.562360.254520.3815.5845
12E2030 km/h18.887.420630.84510.595.722500.574150.3630.3818
12E2050 km/h20.484.123150.83010.476.022760.384410.3820.5814
12E2090 km/h27.384.231050.89812.093.692140.2914610.3514.3824
12E5030 km/h18.686.120651.00913.440.861750.8226170.3527.8794
12E5050 km/h20.283.323251.00413.500.911800.6927590.3618.7746
12E5090 km/h25.378.130941.07613.210.311191.6538400.3713.3746
Sheet2
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0
4
8
12
NOx ppm
LAMBDA & IGNITION TIMING INFLUENCE ON NOx EMISSIONS
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0
4
8
12
CO % vol
LAMBDA & IGNITION TIMING INFLUENCE ON CO EMISSIONS
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0
4
8
12
TORQUE Nm
LAMBDA & IGNITION TIMING INFLUENCE ON TORQUE
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0
4
8
12
kg/kWh
LAMBDA & IGNITION TIMING INFLUENCEON SPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTION
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0
4
8
12
HC ppm
LAMBDA & IGNITION TIMING INFLUENCE ON HC EMISSIONS
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0
4
8
12
kPa
LAMBDA & IGNITION TIMING INFLUENCEON COMBUSTION CHAMBER PRESSURE
-
CO ... , 2010
Chart1
8.59519.03857894748.5242222222
8.53188888899.26928.6365
6.66997.72373684216.3908
7.8067.205659.061
7.7686.780758.5795
6.65484.51236.5602
5.16295.460255.7223
4.99575.48337931586.0178
3.86533.55010526323.6946666667
0.37670.91544444440.8551
0.36620.61157894740.9097777778
0.35550.77710526320.3058
0
4
12
CO % vol
LAMBDA & IGNITION TIMING INFLUENCE ON CO EMISSIONS
Sheet1
ADVANCEFUELSPEEDPOWERTORQUER.P.M.CO2 [%]CO [%]HC [ppm]O2 [%]NOx [ppm]SPECIFIC CONSUMPTIONCONSUMPTION [L/100km]
0E030 km/h15.471.320720.7718.878.602260.391050.4632.2
0E1030 km/h15.471.520650.7859.337.812080.401110.4631.8
0E2030 km/h16.275.120700.86110.985.161820.502950.4129.9
E30
E40
0E5030 km/h15.270.020831.03013.610.381130.9313900.4127.3
0E050 km/h16.768.923160.7699.008.532120.271170.4621.0
0E1050 km/h16.969.623170.7839.497.771980.281290.4821.6
0E2050 km/h17.873.223200.85911.125.001770.343550.4320.4
0E5050 km/h16.466.923411.02713.700.37830.8113930.4318.4
0E090 km/h22.870.130870.81710.276.671950.202240.4314.8
0E1090 km/h23.372.030910.81110.226.652020.212130.4415.4
0E2090 km/h24.073.730950.89012.003.871510.227500.4114.5
0E5090 km/h20.161.931061.05613.380.36451.3613010.4513.2
4E030 km/h17.078.220690.7598.579.042720.431020.4231.7
4E1030 km/h18.083.520630.8019.717.212520.422320.3931.8
4E2030 km/h17.982.720660.84910.805.462120.443330.3830.4
4E5030 km/h16.576.420721.00213.470.921430.7519020.3827.4
4E050 km/h18.676.423220.7498.429.272710.301290.4421.9
4E1050 km/h19.981.923210.81010.146.782250.283270.4021.4
4E2050 km/h20.182.923110.84510.875.482110.324790.3920.8
4E5050 km/h18.174.023291.02113.520.611260.8920200.4018.7
4E090 km/h24.876.430940.7889.407.722540.252600.4115.3
4E1090 km/h26.080.130840.87411.564.511840.269020.3814.6
4E2090 km/h26.180.431030.90212.183.551660.2711830.3814.5
4E5090 km/h23.471.731041.02713.190.78891.0722550.4013.5
8E030 km/h18.183.820660.7698.848.723490.481310.4032.4
8E1030 km/h18.184.020670.8139.876.812670.462590.3830.6
8E2030 km/h17.982.620690.8099.866.832660.512390.4031.6
8E5030 km/h17.982.820721.00013.261.021860.7821920.3628.1
8E050 km/h20.082.423200.7759.108.333020.341780.4021.7
8E1050 km/h20.082.623150.81710.136.512630.333360.3820.5
8E2050 km/h19.982.823070.84410.865.532380.374860.3920.7
8E5050 km/h19.881.623220.96012.931.831900.4918140.3920.0
8E090 km/h26.682.031000.82010.266.562570.264170.3715.0
8E1090 km/h26.581.930980.85211.095.242440.266920.3714.7
8E2090 km/h26.581.731020.88911.863.952030.2910760.3714.5
8E5090 km/h26.180.730951.00413.560.791630.6231460.3714.1
12E030 km/h18.585.920630.7768.938.522990.541630.3831.6
12E1030 km/h18.384.420710.7528.539.063050.501210.4234.5
12E2030 km/h18.887.420630.84510.595.722500.574150.3630.3
30 km/h50 km/h90 km/h
12E5030 km/h18.686.120651.00913.440.861750.8226170.3527.8E00.7690.7650.813
12E050 km/h20.383.423210.7698.888.643150.401870.4021.1E100.7880.7930.838
12E1050 km/h20.283.523110.7628.988.582970.361800.4122.6E200.8410.8440.895
12E2050 km/h20.484.123150.83010.476.022760.384410.3820.5E30
E40
E501.0111.0031.041
12E5050 km/h20.283.323251.00413.500.911800.6927590.3618.7
12E090 km/h27.383.731090.82610.446.392670.275930.3614.8
12E1090 km/h27.083.330980.81610.336.562360.254520.3815.5
12E2090 km/h27.384.231050.89812.093.692140.2914610.3514.3
E30
E40
12E5090 km/h25.378.130941.07613.210.311191.6538400.3713.3
Sheet1
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000000
0 CO2
4 CO2
8 CO2
12 CO2
0 CO
4 CO
8 CO
12 CO
Lambda
%vol
Sheet2
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
&A
Page &P
0 NOx
4 NOx
8 NOx
12 NOx
Lambda
% vol
Sheet3
000
000
000
000
000
000
30 km/h
30 km/h
50 km/h
90km/h
90 km/h
50 km/h
LAMBDA vs ETHANOL PERCENTAGE ( 4 BTDC)
000
000
000
000
000
000
30 km/h
30 km/h
50 km/h
90km/h
90 km/h
50 km/h
LAMBDA vs ETHANOL PERCENTAGE ( 0 BTDC)
0.76910424630.77503849580.8204860396
0.81253079260.81664996420.8517654998
0.80906356350.84427264410.8888449005
E30E30E30
E40E40E40
1.00048896560.9598139751.0039673592
30 km/h
30 km/h
50 km/h
90km/h
90 km/h
50 km/h
LAMBDA vs ETHANOL PERCENTAGE ( 8 BTDC)
000
000
000
000
000
000
30 km/h
30 km/h
50 km/h
90km/h
90 km/h
50 km/h
LAMBDA vs ETHANOL PERCENTAGE ( 12 BTDC)
000
000
000
000
000
000
30 km/h
30 km/h
50 km/h
90 km/h
90 km/h
50 km/h
LAMBDA vs ETHANOL PERCENTAGE
-
HC ... , 2010
Chart6
225.8888888889272.2298.5
211.7271.45315.4
195.3253.5267.3333333333
207.9251.9304.8
197.9224.7296.7
201.9184.25235.8888888889
181.5211.8947368421250
177.1210.7894736842276
151.3165.8947368421213.6
112.7143.1052631579174.5555555556
83.3125.85180.2
45.188.7119.4
0
4
12
HC ppm
LAMBDA & IGNITION TIMING INFLUENCE ON HC EMISSIONS
Conclusions
E10E20E50
1CO-29%-44%-91%
0
2HC-17%-26%-55%
0
3NOx200%310%1160%
0
3CO2
advance
4 (partial data)6%6%-4%
20 12
50 0
5 (partial data)6%6%-4%
20 12
50 0
6-1%-5%-13%
50 0
10 12
7
Chart1
0
0
0
Total
Sheet1
SPEED(All)
FUELE0
ADVANCE12
Average of NOx [ppm]
Total
0.769187.1111111111
0.776163.4
0.826592.5555555556
Grand Total314.3555555556
DATA
ADVANCEFUELSPEEDPOWERTORQUER.P.M.CO2 [%]CO [%]HC [ppm]O2 [%]NOx [ppm]SPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTIONFUEL CONSUMPTION [L/100km]COMBUSTION CHAMBER PRESSURE [kPa]- [g/s]
0E030 km/h15.471.320720.7718.878.602260.391050.4632.26871.9500 BTDC0
0E050 km/h16.768.923160.7699.008.532120.271170.4621.06662.2410 BTDC0
0E090 km/h22.870.130870.81710.276.671950.202240.4314.86792.8240 BTDC0
0E1030 km/h15.471.520650.7859.337.812080.401110.4631.86911.9730 BTDC0
0E1050 km/h16.969.623170.7839.497.771980.281290.4821.66762.2050 BTDC0
0E1090 km/h23.372.030910.81110.226.652020.212130.4415.46952.7190 BTDC0
0E2030 km/h16.275.120700.86110.985.161820.502950.4129.97261.8940 BTDC0
0E2050 km/h17.873.223200.85911.125.001770.343550.4320.47092.1680 BTDC0
0E2090 km/h24.073.730950.89012.003.871510.227500.4114.57142.7070 BTDC0
0E5030 km/h15.270.020831.03013.610.381130.9313900.4127.36751.7470 BTDC0
0E5050 km/h16.466.923411.02713.700.37830.8113930.4318.46451.9890 BTDC0
0E5090 km/h20.161.931061.05613.380.36451.3613010.4513.25982.5800 BTDC0
4E030 km/h17.078.220690.7598.579.042720.431020.4231.77501.9934 BTDC4
4E050 km/h18.676.423220.7498.429.272710.301290.4421.97352.2214 BTDC4
4E090 km/h24.876.430940.7889.407.722540.252600.4115.37332.7644 BTDC4
4E1030 km/h18.083.520630.8019.717.212520.422320.3931.88131.8984 BTDC4
4E1050 km/h19.981.923210.81010.146.782250.283270.4021.47982.1154 BTDC4
4E1090 km/h26.080.130840.87411.564.511840.269020.3814.67842.7254 BTDC4
4E2030 km/h17.982.720660.84910.805.462120.443330.3830.47951.9704 BTDC4
4E2050 km/h20.182.923110.84510.875.482110.324790.3920.87942.1484 BTDC4
4E2090 km/h26.180.431030.90212.183.551660.2711830.3814.57722.7064 BTDC4
4E5030 km/h16.576.420721.00213.470.921430.7519020.3827.47321.7944 BTDC4
4E5050 km/h18.174.023291.02113.520.611260.8920200.4018.77112.1204 BTDC4
4E5090 km/h23.471.731041.02713.190.78891.0722550.4013.56882.6924 BTDC4
8E030 km/h18.183.820660.7698.848.723490.481310.4032.48081.9838 BTDC8
8E050 km/h20.082.423200.7759.108.333020.341780.4021.77972.1558 BTDC8
8E090 km/h26.682.031000.82010.266.562570.264170.3715.07922.7368 BTDC8
8E1030 km/h18.184.020670.8139.876.812670.462590.3830.68101.9688 BTDC8
8E1050 km/h20.082.623150.81710.136.512630.333360.3820.57982.2328 BTDC8
8E1090 km/h26.581.930980.85211.095.242440.266920.3714.77952.8708 BTDC8
8E2030 km/h17.982.620690.8099.866.832660.512390.4031.67901.8658 BTDC8
8E2050 km/h19.982.823070.84410.865.532380.374860.3920.77912.1238 BTDC8
8E2090 km/h26.581.731020.88911.863.952030.2910760.3714.57812.7068 BTDC8
8E5030 km/h17.982.820721.00013.261.021860.7821920.3628.17961.7438 BTDC8
8E5050 km/h19.881.623220.96012.931.831900.4918140.3920.07851.9588 BTDC8
8E5090 km/h26.180.730951.00413.560.791630.6231460.3714.17752.5218 BTDC8
12E030 km/h18.585.920630.7768.938.522990.541630.3831.68051.94512 BTDC12
12E050 km/h20.383.423210.7698.888.643150.401870.4021.18092.16712 BTDC12
12E090 km/h27.383.731090.82610.446.392670.275930.3614.88202.73112 BTDC12
12E1030 km/h18.384.420710.7528.539.063050.501210.4234.58122.13712 BTDC12
12E1050 km/h20.283.523110.7628.988.582970.361800.4122.68102.33212 BTDC12
12E1090 km/h27.083.330980.81610.336.562360.254520.3815.58452.87412 BTDC12
12E2030 km/h18.887.420630.84510.595.722500.574150.3630.38181.89212 BTDC12
12E2050 km/h20.484.123150.83010.476.022760.384410.3820.58142.13212 BTDC12
12E2090 km/h27.384.231050.89812.093.692140.2914610.3514.38242.68012 BTDC12
12E5030 km/h18.686.120651.00913.440.861750.8226170.3527.87941.77012 BTDC12
12E5050 km/h20.283.323251.00413.500.911800.6927590.3618.77461.98312 BTDC12
12E5090 km/h25.378.130941.07613.210.311191.6538400.3713.37462.54412 BTDC12
[] [km/h] [kW] [Nm]R.P.M.CO2 [%]CO [%]HC [ppm]O2 [%]NOx [ppm] - [L/100km] [kN/m2]- [g/s]
MINIMUM15.261.920630.7498.420.31450.201020.3513.25981.743
MAXIMUM27.387.431091.07613.709.273491.6538400.4834.58452.874
Sheet2
ADVANCEFUELSPEEDPOWERTORQUER.P.M.CO2 [%]CO [%]HC [ppm]O2 [%]NOx [ppm]SPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTIONFUEL CONSUMPTION [L/100km]COMBUSTION CHAMBER PRESSURE [kPa]
0E030 km/h15.471.320720.7718.878.602260.391050.4632.2687
0E050 km/h16.768.923160.7699.008.532120.271170.4621.0666
0E090 km/h22.870.130870.81710.276.671950.202240.4314.8679
0E1030 km/h15.471.520650.7859.337.812080.401110.4631.8691
0E1050 km/h16.969.623170.7839.497.771980.281290.4821.6676
0E1090 km/h23.372.030910.81110.226.652020.212130.4415.4695
0E2030 km/h16.275.120700.86110.985.161820.502950.4129.9726
0E2050 km/h17.873.223200.85911.125.001770.343550.4320.4709
0E2090 km/h24.073.730950.89012.003.871510.227500.4114.5714
0E5030 km/h15.270.020831.03013.610.381130.9313900.4127.3675
0E5050 km/h16.466.923411.02713.700.37830.8113930.4318.4645
0E5090 km/h20.161.931061.05613.380.36451.3613010.4513.2598
4E030 km/h17.078.220690.7598.579.042720.431020.4231.7750
4E050 km/h18.676.423220.7498.429.272710.301290.4421.9735
4E090 km/h24.876.430940.7889.407.722540.252600.4115.3733
4E1030 km/h18.083.520630.8019.717.212520.422320.3931.8813
4E1050 km/h19.981.923210.81010.146.782250.283270.4021.4798
4E1090 km/h26.080.130840.87411.564.511840.269020.3814.6784
4E2030 km/h17.982.720660.84910.805.462120.443330.3830.4795
4E2050 km/h20.182.923110.84510.875.482110.324790.3920.8794
4E2090 km/h26.180.431030.90212.183.551660.2711830.3814.5772
4E5030 km/h16.576.420721.00213.470.921430.7519020.3827.4732
4E5050 km/h18.174.023291.02113.520.611260.8920200.4018.7711
4E5090 km/h23.471.731041.02713.190.78891.0722550.4013.5688
8E030 km/h18.183.820660.7698.848.723490.481310.4032.4808
8E050 km/h20.082.423200.7759.108.333020.341780.4021.7797
8E090 km/h26.682.031000.82010.266.562570.264170.3715.0792
8E1030 km/h18.184.020670.8139.876.812670.462590.3830.6810
8E1050 km/h20.082.623150.81710.136.512630.333360.3820.5798
8E1090 km/h26.581.930980.85211.095.242440.266920.3714.7795
8E2030 km/h17.982.620690.8099.866.832660.512390.4031.6790
8E2050 km/h19.982.823070.84410.865.532380.374860.3920.7791
8E2090 km/h26.581.731020.88911.863.952030.2910760.3714.5781
8E5030 km/h17.982.820721.00013.261.021860.7821920.3628.1796
8E5050 km/h19.881.623220.96012.931.831900.4918140.3920.0785
8E5090 km/h26.180.730951.00413.560.791630.6231460.3714.1775
12E030 km/h18.585.920630.7768.938.522990.541630.3831.6805
12E050 km/h20.383.423210.7698.888.643150.401870.4021.1809
12E090 km/h27.383.731090.82610.446.392670.275930.3614.8820
12E1030 km/h18.384.420710.7528.539.063050.501210.4234.5812
12E1050 km/h20.283.523110.7628.988.582970.361800.4122.6810
12E1090 km/h27.083.330980.81610.336.562360.254520.3815.5845
12E2030 km/h18.887.420630.84510.595.722500.574150.3630.3818
12E2050 km/h20.484.123150.83010.476.022760.384410.3820.5814
12E2090 km/h27.384.231050.89812.093.692140.2914610.3514.3824
12E5030 km/h18.686.120651.00913.440.861750.8226170.3527.8794
12E5050 km/h20.283.323251.00413.500.911800.6927590.3618.7746
12E5090 km/h25.378.130941.07613.210.311191.653840
