()

: :

, 2013

: 3,5 . : 15% 2007, 45% : 70-90% : ~7 ~9 2050: 80% : 100% 5 : 60% 276 : US$ 7.236/ha/y ( ): 90%

: United Nations World Water Development Report 4 (WWDR 4), 2012

(Sustainable Development) Brundtland (1987): , : : ( Pareto) : : . ; (Development, ) (Growth, ): Karakatsanis (2010b)

(Roegen 1971) () (Roegen 1986) : : ( )

: ...3. 44 . . Tainter (1989) 1. 44 .. 2. 4.

Jevons: (The Coal Question, 1865) von Liebig: () :i = ii = i Jevons, (.. ) ;

70% , 90%. , :- 1 kg ~15,000 lt - 1 kg ~3,500 lt - 1 kg ~1400 lt - 1 kg ~900 lt - 1 lt ~ 1000 lt - 1 ~140 lt - 1 2035 1,5 170106 ha 1970 304106 ha 2008To 2010 10 $ 59 $

: WWDR 4, 2012

: International Energy Agency (2011) (Historical Data) : (2010): (2010) : , , ( P1Q1 = P2Q2 P1Q1)

, 25% , 5% (WWDR 3, 2009). 22 $ 10 - -: . : Statistical Review of World Energy 2007, BP: UN World Water Development Report 3, 2009

450 1820-2007 (WWDR 4, 2012)148 21 (WWDR 4, 2012) 2 273 (WWDR 4, 2012)

:http://waterwiki.net/index.php/Water_Conflict_and_Cooperation/Indicators

: 3106 bpd, 6106 bpd 2020, 8106 bpd 2035 (, 2012) (water injection systems) 1,6106 bpd (2011) 12106 bpd 2035 (, 2012) , 1,5 bpd 1 bpd : Jones et al. (2008)

SR = / , QD = , = , m = (.. 50%), QM =

tWDWEWR t1WR(WE) t2WR(WE) t3WR(WE) t4WR(WE) t5WR(WE) t6WR(WE) t7WR(WE) t8WR(WE) t911010,002102,008,003102,006,401,604102,005,121,281,605102,004,101,021,281,606102,003,280,821,021,281,607102,002,620,660,821,021,281,608102,002,100,520,660,821,021,281,609102,001,680,420,520,660,821,021,281,6010102,001,340,340,420,520,660,821,021,281,60

British Petroleum (BP) (2008), Statistical Review of World Energy 2007Database of International Water Treaties, University of Oregon, http://transboundarywater.geo.orst.edu/database/interfreshtreatdata.htmlEIA (US Energy Information Administration) (2010), International Energy Outlook 2010: Highlights.,Washington DC, Office of Integrated Analysis and Forecasting, EIA, US Department of Energy, http://www.eia.gov/oiaf/archive/ieo10/highlights.html (Accessed 3 November 2011)International Energy Agency (2012), Iraq Energy Outlook, IEA-OECD PublicationsJones, C. et al. (2008), Hydrologic impacts of engineering projects on the TigrisEuphrates system and its marshlands, Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 353, Issues 1-2, p. 59-75Karakatsanis, Georgios (2010a), The Recycling Multiplier: The added value of waste, ISEE 11th biennial Conference, Bremen and Oldenburg, GermanyKarakatsanis, Georgios (2010b), Quantifying energy Democracy: A framework for energy citizenship, ISEE 11th biennial Conference, Bremen and Oldenburg, GermanyKoutsoyiannis, D. et al. (2009), Climate, hydrology, energy, water: recognizing uncertainty and seeking sustainability, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 13, 247-257Moncur, James E. T. and Richard L. Pollock (1988), Scarcity Rents for Water: A Valuation and Pricing Model, Land Economics, Vol. 64, No 1Roegen-Georgescu, Nicholas (1986), The Entropy law and the Economic Process in Retrospect, Eastern Economic Journal XII, No 1Roegen-Georgescu, Nicholas (1971), The Entropy Law and the Economic Process, Harvard University PressTainter, Joseph (1989), The Collapse of Complex Societies, Cambridge University PressUnited Nations (UN) (2009), World Water Development Report 3, UNESCO PublishingUnited Nations (UN) (2012), World Water Development Report 4, UNESCO Publishing