التحولات النووية: حلول تمارين الكتاب المدرسي من 8 إلى 24

15
1 اﻟﺜــﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ11 Po Rn Ra 218 84 222 86 226 88 ⎯→ ⎯→ α α 1 - اﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ ﻓﻲt اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ آﺘﻠﺔ ﺗﻜﻮنt 0 e m ) t ( m λ = ) 1 ( اﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ وﻓﻲ(t + Δt) اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ آﺘﻠﺔ ﺗﻜﻮن) t t ( e m ) t t ( m 0 Δ + λ = Δ + ) 2 ( وﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ( ) () 1 10 mt t mt = اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ) 2 ( ﻋﻠﻰ) 1 ( ﻧﺠﺪ: t e 10 1 Δ λ = ) 3 ( ) ﺗﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﺒﺎﻗﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ10 1 اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻴﺔ اﻷﻧﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ وآﺬﻟﻚ، ( اﻹﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ1 2 / 1 j 18 , 0 825 , 3 69 , 0 69 , 0 t = = = λ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻠﻮﻏﺎرﻳﺘﻢ ﺑﺈدﺧﺎل اﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺪة ﻧﺤﺴﺐ وﺑﺬﻟﻚ، ) 3 ( ، ln 0,1 = - λ Δ t وﻣﻨﻪ، 2,3 2,3 12,7 0,18 t jrs λ Δ= = = . 2 - اﻟﻤﺜـﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﻐﺎزات ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ: P V = n R T وﻣﻨﻪ، : mol , ) ( , RT PV n 6 6 4 10 9 7 273 30 31 8 10 2 10 × = + × × × = = 3 هﻮ اﻷﻧﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﺪدN 0 ﺣﻴﺚ، : N 0 = n × N A = 7,9 × 10 -6 × 6,023 × 10 23 = 4,76 × 10 18 4 ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﺧﺘﺼﺎرا اﻷﻧﻮﻳﺔ ﺪدN 0 اﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺘﻮاﺟﺪا آﺎنt = 0 اﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ هﺬﻩ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺸﺎط ﻳﻜﻮن وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ، : 18 13 0 0 0,69 4,78 10 10 3,825 24 3600 A N Bq λ = = × × = × × ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻨﺸﺎط ﻧﺤﺴﺐ ﻟﻜﻲ100 اﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ ﻓﻲ أي، ﻳﻮمt = 100 jrs اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻧﻄﺒﻖ، : Bq , A A , e e t 5 13 0 10 52 1 10 100 18 0 × = × = = × λ اﻷول اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟـﺮﺗــﻴﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﻄﻮرات اﻟﻮﺣﺪة02 اﻟﻨﻮوﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻮﻻت ﺗﻤـــﺎرﻳﻦ ﺣﻠــﻮل اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﺎبGUEZOURI Aek – Lycée Maraval - Oran

description

التحولات النووية: حلول تمارين الكتاب المدرسي من 8 إلى 24

Transcript of التحولات النووية: حلول تمارين الكتاب المدرسي من 8 إلى 24

  • 1

    11

    48812 aRnRoP222

    68622

    88 (1 )= m(t)m e 0t t - 1

    ( 2 )+=+ 0 m(t t)m e(tt) )t + t(

    1) ( ) ( 01

    = +t m t t m

    et: ( 1) ( 2) 01 ( 3 )= 1

    ) 01 ( 1

    1 1/2

    0,81 j3,5280,960,96

    t ( 3) ===

    7,21 3,2 3,2 t - = 1,0 nl81,0

    .= = = srj t

    ,lom: T R n = V P: - 2TR,()

    6 nVP46

    790181303372

    += 01201 ==

    8101 67,4 = 3201 320,6 6-01 9,7 = AN n = 0N: 0N 3 : 0 = t 0N 4

    31 810 0

    01 01 87,4 96,00063 42 528,3

    = = =qB N A : srj 001 = t 001

    === 081001 0112501 0315 t ee , AA ,qB

    20

    narO - lavaraM ecyL keA IRUOZEUG

  • 2

    21

    . t 0 = t t A - 1

    : t t

    nl2AA0 e1/2

    n 2/1t n = t: =n

    nnlnl

    2A

    20 Ae1

    021

    === AAe0

    = enlxx:

    0 - 2680,0 96,01 = e A At

    8 = = srj

    =srj t5,31 =et 01 2,3 01680,0 7 7

    )t( f = A nl 3

    : A nl

    0 = nlAnlA et: - 4 t - 0Anl = A nl

    0A nl + t - = A nl: b + xa = y:

    t 2/1t 2/1t 2 2/1t 3 2/1t 4 2/1t 5

    01 0623

    201 06 A=61

    401 06 A=8

    801 06 A=4

    6101 06 A=2

    )qB( A A=

    )j( t 0 8 61 42 23 04

    A nl 3,71 6,61 9,51 2,51 5,41 8,31

    23

    8

    61

    4 2

    04 23 42 61 8 0

    )j ( t

    )qBM( A

    01

    5,31

    )t( g = A

    2

    04 23 42 61 8

    41

    )j( t

    Anl

    A B

    C

  • 3

    :

    234200633AB ==

    1-s 6-01 80,1 = BC

    31

    10 sC aB e . 173165

    731 + 55

    . c m 2c m = E : 2 em - aBm sCm( = E 2c / 5,239 2c )6845000,0 18509,631 70709,631( = 2c )

    u 6845000,0 VeM 66,0 = E : 731

    010: 001 % 99 . - 30

    ,N = N

    .t N 0 = t 0N

    et N= N

    01

    12

    05432,,,na === 096096

    t/

    43,31 6,4 10,0 nl 010= nl , t543,0

    sna t . = = =

    41 2983228602 U bP x y ++ 2983228602 ++ U bP x Hey 24-10e: 1

    :

    ( 1 )y - x 2 + 28 = 29

    ( 2 ) x 4 + 602 = 832

    6 = y: ( 1) 8 = x: ( 2)

    N 22

    212 0 = NNet N0et/ 1

    =

    12

    2

    t/ .=nl

    (2 )0 = NNN bPUU: 3 (3 )0001 == NNNN bPUUU ee tt) (:

    et : ( 3) - 4 U

    bP

    N1 = N

    0

    (4 )

    : 10,0 = : . 1 e1 +: 10,1 = 10,0 + 1 = + 1 10,1 = e

  • 4

    ( 4) 12

    07

    t/ : ,

    tt ,

    U

    e/ bPNN

    12

    07

    10

    : 2/1t t =

    = U

    e bPNN

    10

    t ) (: t

    ,NN

    U/

    bP

    12

    11070

    ===

    : 0

    2 /1 1

    7,0bP

    U

    NN

    (5 ) =t t

    : - 5M

    01 2,92 01 320,6 01 0181 32 3: =A Nm . NbP602

    N = =

    02 t 32

    52301832

    .UN,, == 1632001

    ( 2) 0

    . = + = + =N N N NU U bP U01 6,52 01 3,52 01 2,9202 02 81

    : ( 5) 81

    7 981

    01 24,7 01 5,41 01 2,9201 03527,0

    = =sna t

    51 :

    ( . )

    + 8309930910 rS Y e. 10 * aN gM e: 1

    4221

    42 + 11

    : 2

    : 42gM 42aN

    u 80879,32 u 09489,32

    )em gMm aNm( = m u 3-01 19,5 = 19000,0 80879,32 09489,32 = m

    : 42

    2 3 22

    cVeM c cm Ebil15,5 01 19,55,239 = = =

    ( ) + gM gM 21 2142 * 42:

    . e10 ( VeM 15,5)

    VeM 92,0 = 22,5 15,5 = E 2 3

    ( ) VeM 22,5 = E . :

    . .

    veM 15,5 42aN

    (VeM )42gM

    veM 57,2

    veM 73,1 )1(

    )2(

    0

    42gM*

    veM 15,5

    73,1

    21,4

    )3( 22,5 veM 1,1

  • 5

    61

    + aB e sC65 1 55931 0 931 - 1 =s t72 ,9 2 /1 ( ) 2

    1 2

    2 /1

    01 4,7 96,0 2 nl72,9

    nmt

    = = =

    0 00: t 39

    01 01 = =m m mm

    0 0190 0 m = e m mt

    9 = e m mt01

    = et : = t 501,0 2

    52 1 2,41 501,001 4,7

    = = =s nm nm t

    ( 1 )=N A : 4

    601 34 01 320,601 141 32

    A931N NmM

    = = =

    01 42,1 96,03 06 72,9

    ( 1) = = s = =qB A01 3,5 01 34 01 42 ,101 41 3

    71

    + e N C1 7 60 41 41: 1 . .

    =sna t0755 2 /1 20 3

    = e A At 0A qB 021 = qB 07 = A 4

    0 = e A At

    4

    96,00755

    01 832,1

    4

    021 077

    2101 832 ,1 nl7

    21

    t

    et

    t

    e

    ==

    =

    =sna t1403

  • 6

    81

    2,0 2,0 21211 1 06

    = = = = qB s nm A

    01 1 622,0 622,0 216,3106

    = = = = qB s nm A . 1

    0 2

    22 /1 0 0 = NN . = t2 nl 2 /1 = e N Nt

    0 - 2 = e A At

    0

    e AtA

    =0

    tA nlA

    tA nl0 = A

    =

    A nl0

    = tA

    - 3

    nl622 ,096,0 2 nl9001 2 ,00755 521,0

    0755

    479 9001 3891 = = =sna t

    > >007 479 0001 - 4 91

    1

    :

    .0N ( sD)

    :

    004 = 0N

    - )

    (6 1 6

    .6

    .

    ... 6

    stnatser sD . cnal ed N ( s1)

    . t ( 1) = t Np N ( )

    . 6 p

    N

    2

    05

    6 3 6

  • 7

    1 p 6

    6 6 ) 6 1 = p

    ( .

    2 '1 1 3 6

    = = p

    Np Nd ( 1) t0 td

    =e N Ntp 0 = :

    1 2

    .%05 = p

    - 20

    tp N nlN

    tp N nl0 =N

    =xa y =

    :

    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 01 11 21 31 41

    0 1 61,1 24,1 47,1 89,1 61,2 15,2 77,2 52,3 29,3 44,4 5 55,648,798,8NN

    nl0051,053,055,086,077,029,020,181,163,194,116,188,160,281,2NN

    51 61 71 81 91 02 12 22 32 42 52

    0 25,01 82,41 61 50,12 75,82 77,03 63,63 44,44 05 41,75 76,66NN

    nl0 53,2 66,277,2 50,3 53,3 24,3 06,3 97,319,3 40,4 02,4NN

    .

    761,0 5,0 812 21

    = = = s p

    N nl0N

    2

    5,0

  • 8

    :

    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 01

    0 164,1 30,2 38,2 18,3 33,5 98,6 03,9 82,41 50,12 33,33NN

    nl0083,017,040,133,176,139,132,2 66,2 40,3 05,3NN

    .

    33,0 ' '5,0 61 1 9

    = = = s p

    : - 3

    2 /131,4 96,0 2 nl

    761,0s t

    p = = =

    2 /190,2 '96,0 2 nl

    33,0 's t

    p = = =

    :

    0 = t

    = 1 731 - 4

    =sna t2,03 2 /1 .

    02

    + e aC K1 02 910 04 04 : - 1 + +e rA K1 81 910 04 04 : +

    2 /1 ) ( ) ( - 22 nl

    t t A t A N

    = =

    N nl0N

    1

    5,0

    N

    2

    05

    6 3

  • 9

    :04 04 - 3

    = = =cVeM c m m m Ebile aC K97,0 5,139 845000,0 6269,93 469,93 5,1392 12) ( ) ( ) ( :04 04 - 4

    = = =cVeM c m m m Ebile rA K89,0 5,139 845000,0 4269,93 469,93 5,1392 22) ( ) ( ) ( . 5

    : gk 07

    01 39,2 0063 42 52 ,563 01 82 ,1 000511 2 /19 ) (96,0 96,0

    t t AN

    = = =

    102 11 ) (: 01 70,2 01 39,2 97,0 '98

    bil001 = =VeM E

    202 11 ) (: 01 23,0 01 39,2 89,0 '11

    bil001 = =VeM E

    = + =VeM E E Ebil bil bil01 93,2 ' '2 102 ) ( ) (: 12

    2 094 232 - 1A + X eH hTZ

    822 = 4 232 = A

    88 = 2 09 = Z

    X ZA 822 aR 88

    0N 0m ( AN) ( M) - 2

    0 0: A

    N mN M

    =3

    071 320

    01 62 01 320,601A A232

    N NmN

    = = =

    . ( - 3

    .... .

    :

    0 2

    = NN0

    N5,0N

    =

    <

  • 01

    : (

    : 0

    e NtN

    =

    0

    t N nlN

    =0

    t N nlN

    =

    . a =xa y:

    ( 2

    01 54,4 01 58,301 58,3 5,01 7 1 20063 42 31

    s srj2 2 /1 = = = =

    9,71 96,0 2 nl01 58,3

    = = = srj t

    : 0 = t - 4

    = = = qB N A01 61,1 01 62 01 54 ,4 0 021 71 7 22

    - .( )A Z 1

    C611 - 2 21 ( 6 = N 5 = N )N ( 6 )Z C6

    + +N e O7 1 851 0 51 - 3 - e10 - 1

    eH 24 gk me01 1,913 - 2

    = = + = + = gk m m mn p eH01 7,6 01 576,1 376,1 2 2 272 72 ) (

    . 0637 ( +e10 )

    )srj( t 0 5 01 51 02

    1 28,0 86,0 65,0 64,00

    NN

    0 02,0 83,0 85,0 77,00

    N nlN

    5

    5,0

    )srj( t

    0

    N nlN

  • 11

    - .( ) - 19

    .0N 1

    004 I131 2

    . qB 301 6 qB 501 2 - V

    + iN iN82 8206 * 06 + iN e oC82 1 72* 06 0 06 - 1

    ( - 2 6

    061 320

    01 01 320,601 1A06

    N NmM

    = = =

    N N ( t

    (1) = .N : N : (

    0( 1) (2 ) = e N t Nt 0 = e N Nt

    t 0 t ( N

    A At

    : ( 2) N = = e0

    0

    tA N tt

    te e

    = =N A0 0

    0 ( : = e A At

    nl nl nl0 =t A Anl nl0 + = e A At .A nl0 b a + =b xa y (

    . A nl0

    6,61 4,71( 1 7

    = = na31,01

    : ( 2 /1

    2 nlt

    =

    2 /18 ( 01 56,1 32,5 96,031,0

    = = =s sna t

    32

    ( t2 /1 ) AT A ( ) - 1

    01 6,4 96,0 96,01 2A A51

    srjT

    = = =

    0012 32: 201 35 01 320,602A522

    N NmM

    = = =

    0

    6,61

    1

    4,71

    5,8

    Anl

    )sna( t

  • 21

    2

    61 120 0

    01 8,2 01 35 01 6,40063 42

    qB N A = = =

    ( : ) 3 .

    C B A: 3

    2A

    B

    mm

    = =

    AAA ) (: A t A

    N NmM

    (1 ) =

    BAB ) ( : B t B

    N NmM

    (2 ) =

    . NA

    ( A) . =M MB A A B

    ) (: ( 2) ( 1) ) (

    32

    A A

    BB

    m Nm N

    ( 3 )= =

    ) () ( = N NB AB A) ( ) ( B A B A

    BA

    N

    N ( 3) =

    32

    B

    A

    =

    01 9,6 01 6,4 5,1 31 2 2A B2

    . = = = srj

    2 B 01 96,0 2 nl

    B B01 9,6 = = = srj T

    ) ( ) ( A - 4A

    A

    NdN

    td =

    ) ( ) ( ) ( B B

    A BA

    NdN N

    td .A B + =

    = N KB AA A0) ( = e e N NB AA BAt tA B 0) ( ) ( ) (: - 5 . = e e N NB AA BAt tB A 0) ( ) ( ) (

    . 0t BN 0t = t ... :

    . NB) ( NB) (

    A Bt t BA B ) (: Nd

    K Ktd

    + = e e

  • 31

    B0 ) ( Nd

    td = e eA Bt tA B =

    A

    B

    tB

    tA

    ee

    =

    A B A) (B

    tB

    tA

    eete

    A B B nl) (: = =

    A = t

    2 0 0t nl

    6,71 504,0 nl nl01 3,2

    B

    A B A

    A B A Bsrj t

    = = = =

    42

    : 0t = t 0 = t ( - 1

    ( N) ( ) N Ndtd

    = N Ndtd

    N Ndt t et = + td

    = + e e

    N Ndt t ttd

    = + e e e

    N Ndt t td

    = e e tdN dt t) ( et N + e e = e e tdN dt t) ( : ( )

    t

    K eNe t . K + =

    eK Nt ( 1 ) + =

    ( ) 0 = N 0 = t : K

    K + =K 0 : ( 1) =

    = e Nt 1) ( ( 1) K : >t t0 (

    . 0t

    N Ndtd

    td Nd =N

    =

    ( : ) 0

    td NdtN

    = +t K Nt nl0] [ = K

  • 41

    = e NtK =K t N nl = +t K N nl ( 2 ) = e e NtK

    : K

    = e e etK t 10 0) ( ( 2) = e Nt 1) ( 0t = t 1 00 0) (

    t

    Ktt

    ee e

    e

    ( 2) = =

    = e e Nt t1 0) (

    1 4: 22 /1

    01 32,1 96,0 2 nl0065

    nat

    = = =

    3 34

    14

    : t

    0 0 00 13 34 4 4

    = = = N N N NN

    40 0: 1 = e N Nt

    4 = et

    = = = sna t01 32,110211 83,1 4 nl4 = t4 nl

    2 420 0 = = =sna t t00211 2 0065 22 /1 = = NN N

    0 : % 1,0 ( 3 ) = e A At

    00 1,00001 001

    00010 0 ( 3) = =A AA1 = e A At

    0001 = et

    = =sna t01 32,106165 9,64 = t 9,6 :4 4

    .( ) qB 701 3 41 ) (

    A

    t Nm

    N (4) =

    (4) =N A 7

    432 21

    01 8,1 41 01 3 41A01 320,6 01 9,3

    g mAN

    = = =

  • 51

    : 1-s 4

    01 9,3 01 32,11 210063 42 52,563

    s = =

    78

    ) 18

    (

    2 830 0 = = =sna t t00861 0065 3 32 /1 = = NN N