B 1 (),,:p1v1=p2v2( pv=.Boyle ) p1v111 = p2v212 p111 = p212( p1 = oo0.Charles) v111 = v212 ( v1 = oo0.CayLussac) pV VT pT

V=.pV pV VT VT pV pT pTVTp1p2p2> p1pTV1V2V2> V1T=.p=. B 2 1 2 + + ..... + = 2 2 21 2 1 2 + + ...... + 1/ 2m + 1/ 2m + .....1/ 2m = = 2 2 21 2 + + .... + 1= m( )2 21= m2 :2 2 22 1 2 + + ....= :A AN Rn kN NARpV nRT pV N TN= = = = pV = NkT (1) : 212221 2 1 23 3 2 3K mNmp pV N m pV NKVuuu= | | | |\ . = = =(2)(1)(2):23NkT NK =1 23TkK = (3) .:(3) K :32K kT = (4). B 3 :) = = = 3P3P 31P2 2 23P = ) = = =mK 2mK 2 m21K2 2 2mK 2 = ) = = = =m3kTm3kT m21kT23 m21K2 2 2 2m3kT = ) = =m N3RTm3kTA M3RT = (5) K(4),,(5). - :( )22 2 - !!! 22 2 2cvu u u| |= = |\ . , (4). 2Nm 1p3 V= 21p 3= 21 m2= B 4 11..2..3..4..(1.34)5..(1.31,1.32,1.36)6..(1.35)7..1.S.I.1m3.(L)mL.:=3 31m 10 L =3 31L 10 m =31L 10 mL =31mL 10 L: =31L 1dm =31mL 1cm .2. S.I. 2mN1 1Pscl(P).(tm).:25m10 1,013 tm = 13.0(Kelvin).0C0:) C ( 273 ) K T(o o+ = 2730. 1 PFA,.AFP = B 5 4.nRT PV = nmol:)Mmn = ,m.)molVVn = ,VoVmolo.)ANNn = , Avogadro ( = 1 mol =6,0231023/mol). :nRT PV = RTMmPV = RTVVPVmol= RTNNPVA= 5. . , (1, V1, T1) (2, V2, T2), . ,.6. , ., (n1, 1, V1, T1) (n2,2,V2,T2):1 1 1nRT V P =nRTV P11 1=nRTV P22 2=22 211 1TV PTV P=1 1 1nRT V P =2 2 2nRT V P =RT n V P1 11 1=RT n V P2 22 2=2 22 21 11 1T n V PT n V P=2 2 2nRT V P = B 6 7. V mVm = = ,V .,, ,.:RTPVMm = = = RTMmPV nRT PV8. .:RTPM= = = = RTPMVmRTMmPV nRT PV1P11, 2 P2 2, :9. An mol Bn mol , :( )A BPV = n +n RT , , :B AB B A An nM n M nM++= ++= =B AB An nm mnmM11RTM P=122RTM P=22112TTPP=122112TTPP1 2 = B 7 10. , , .1 1 1 1RT n V P = (1)2 2 2 2RT n V P = (2)1 2 P(V + V ) =n RT (3) ,:( )(1),++ = + =(2),(3)1 2 n n n1 21 1 2 21 2P V VP V P VT T T11. ,, , =1 2P P , ,,,2 1P P ' = '2. mol , mol . , ,1n 2n mol1n' 2n' mol,:' ' + = +1 2 1 2n n n n 1n ,2n ,1n' 2n' : . 2 , , . n1n2p1, V1, T1p2, V2, T2np, V1+V2, Tp1= p2n1, p1n2, p2T TA Bn1, p1n2, p2T1>T T2