Rudolf Clausius’s Rudolf Clausius’s EquationEquation

ΔΔSSuniverse universe > 0> 0

CLAUSIUS’S LIFECLAUSIUS’S LIFE He was born the He was born the 2nd 2nd

January 1822 in January 1822 in Koslin, Prussia (the Koslin, Prussia (the actual Koszalin, actual Koszalin, Poland)Poland)

He studied at the He studied at the university of Berlyn.university of Berlyn.

He was a phisic.He was a phisic.

He died the He died the 24th 24th August 1888 in Bonn, August 1888 in Bonn, Germany.Germany.

THE PRECEDENTS OF THE PRECEDENTS OF CLAUSIUS’S DISCOVERYCLAUSIUS’S DISCOVERY

There are two kinds of processes in There are two kinds of processes in nature:nature:

ReversibleReversible

IrreversibleIrreversible

Sadi CarnotSadi Carnot

He invented the steam machineHe invented the steam machine

It neddedIt nedded

The flow of heat. Other The flow of heat. Other

energies.energies.

Robert MayerRobert Mayer

Blood less red

Blood more red

Blood less red

CLAUSIUS’S DISCOVERY (HIS CLAUSIUS’S DISCOVERY (HIS THEORY OF HEAD)THEORY OF HEAD)

He thought that:He thought that:

The head is another type of energy.The head is another type of energy.

All energies can be exchanged.All energies can be exchanged.

He defined He defined entropyentropy as : as :

The changes of temperature and The changes of temperature and energy.energy.

The degree of this order.The degree of this order.

Changes of entropy in the universeChanges of entropy in the universe

Natural changes: PositiveNatural changes: Positive

Unnatural changes: NegativeUnnatural changes: Negative

The formulaThe formula

ΔΔSSuniverse universe > 0> 0

Total entropy of the universe

THE CONSEQUENCES OF THIS THE CONSEQUENCES OF THIS NEW THEORYNEW THEORY

The addition of all the changes in the The addition of all the changes in the universe is positive ( universe is positive ( ΔΔSSuniverse universe > 0 ). > 0 ). So So the universe is getting older.the universe is getting older.

This theory means that the universe This theory means that the universe started as a chaos. started as a chaos.

Other consequenceOther consequence

The scientists began to try to find out why The scientists began to try to find out why the sunshine exist and they investigated the sunshine exist and they investigated more about of the history of the Earth.more about of the history of the Earth.