Wholly turbulent flow

Laminarflow

Transition range

Smooth

0.050.04

0.03

0.040.04

0.010.0080.0060.004

0.002

0.0010.00080.00060.0004

0.00020.0001

0.00005

0.00001

0.10.090.08

0.07

0.06

0.05

0.04

0.03

0.025

0.02

0.015

0.010.0090.008

103 104 105 106 107

2(103) 2(104) 2(105) 2(106) 2(107)4 46 68 8 4 6 8 4 6 8 4 6 8

ρVDµ

εDf

= υRe = VD D = 4Aρ = 4Rh

Graph by MIT OCW.