Post on 14-Apr-2017
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GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGIES & ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCHAN ADDED VALUE IN EXCAVATION ACTIVITIES AT THE SANCTUARY OF AMYKLAION IN SPARTA
THE CHALENGE
The application of innovative technological processes
in classical sciences was and is always
an interdisciplinary challenge, especially when it comes
to produce results which lead to the understanding of
the history and cultural development of a country.
APOLLO’s SANCTUARY IN AMYKLES: LOCATION AND THE WIDER AREA
ANDREAS TSATSARIS1, VASILIS PAGOUNIS1, STAVROS VLIZOS2, IOANNIS KATSIOS1
(1) Technological Educational Institute of Athens
(2) Ionian University
THE OBJECTIVE
The application
of the GeoSpatial Technologies
to support
the “Amykles Research Project”
At a distance of 5 km south-west from the center of Sparta and on the
hill of Agia Kyriaki, lie the remains of the ancient Sanctuary Amyklaion.
According to written sources (e.g. Polybius 5.19.3) the Sanctuary
constituted the cult’s most important center of the Lacedaemonians in
the ancient era. The Spartans invited from Magnesia in Asia Minor the
architect Bathykles, to design and construct the monumental and
enigmatic construction of the so-called Thronos, to surround the
already existing xoanon.
The identification of the sanctuary’s position was confirmed by the
discovery, on the hill and surrounding area, of sealed splinters from a
tiled roof, on which the words Apollo and Amyklaioi are imprinted
(Tsountas 1892, 3-4), as well as inscriptions (Tsountas 1892. Skias
1918. 32-35. Fiechter 1918, 220-223. Buschor-von Massow 1927, 61-
64. IG V 1.27, 145, 511, 823. SEG 1.87-88, 11.689-691, 11.790).
The specific area surrounding the Sanctuary is characterized by low,
smooth hills that have been shaped by the alluvial deposits of Eurotas
River. To the East, the slope of the hill is very steep, in opposition to its
other sides that are quite smooth. A small crease, or rather, a sinking
of the ground defines the hill to the West, while a slope connects it
with the wider, smoother configuration of the ground to the North.
The hill appears with an intense relief to the East while from all the
other directions it develops relatively smoothly. The elevation of
the sanctuary offers an open view to the South, framed by the
mountains of Taygetos to the West and of Parnon to the East. The
fertile ground of the area is intensively cultivated with various rural
crops.
“APOLLO”: THE ARCHAEO-SPATIAL DATABASE FOR AMYKLAION. DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION
GEOSPATIAL DATADESCRIPTIVE DATA
DIRECT
RELATIONS
A large number of applications in informatics characterize the
archaeological activity in Greece. These applications serve constant
needs of the archaeologists, from the collection of data in the field, the
record keeping and the management of evidences, up to the publication
and the dissemination of the research results to the scientific community
and to the public. Long ago, the Archaeologists have realized the
importance of spatial component in the archaeological recordings.
Exceptionally precise maps and diagrams are dated back to the 18th
century and at the first excavations are remarkable, the meticulous way
of recording the exact positions that discoveries were found.
Here we describe the elaboration of an archaeological interest
geospatial data base (GDB) application, based on the technology of
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and cooperates with existing
Management Information Systems (M.I.S) related to the monument’s
antiquities. The establishment of this GDB aims to facilitate the
permanent needs of the archaeologists with regard to organization,
management and documentation of archaeological finds in this
particular monument.
The model will be created may constitute proposal to establish an
integrated GIS that will be able to import, process and analyze all the
spatial data associated with the antiquities of the Greek territory.
SPATIAL 2D & 3D MEASUREMENTS
and REPRESENTATIONS
Amyklaion I:
Religious activity is attested by the
large number of figures and figurines.
The Mycenaean sanctuary was
established in the second half of the
13th century B.C. and continued to
prosper until the second half of the
11th century B.C.
Amyklaion II:
Cult activity in the context of
an open air sanctuary
continued through the
succeeding Early Iron Age
into Protogeometric and
Geometric times.
Amyklaion III:
First monumentalisation
phase of the hill with the
erection of the early
peribolos - retaining wall
and the colossal cult
statue during the late 8th
to the end of the 7th
century B.C.
Amyklaion IV:
Second monumentalisation phase of the
hill during the 6th century B.C. as a
response to the increased needs with
regard to both the rituals and the
increasing number of devotees. The
sanctuary is in the most prominent
shape because of the temple – so called
thronos – the circular altar and the new
peribolos-retaining wall.
Amyklaion V:
Traces on the peribolos,
fragments of architectural
members and remains of a large
building on the north end of the
hill are attesting building activity
at the sanctuary from classical
times to late antiquity (5th century
B.C. – 5th century A.D.).
Amyklaion VI:
Demolishment of the
ancient monuments and
transformation of the hill
into a cemetery and a
quarry throughout the
byzantine and post
byzantine era (11th – 19th
century A.D.).
Amyklaion VIΙ:
It is confirmed that
the church of Hagia
Kyriaki, on the top of
the homonymous
hill, exists there since
1800 and afterwards.
CHRONOLOGY: RESULTS FROM HISTORICAL SOURCES AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF THE MONUMENT
41st International Symposiumon Archaeometry (ISA)
The above mentioned database presents an innovative way of organizing
and processing of spatial data relating to antiquities. This innovation is based
on the following fundamental factors:
The implementation of standards to establish of Geographical Data Bases
The needs of future users for the data management,
The convenience in managing, populating, expansion and updating of the
particular GDB, and finally,
The cooperation with existing M.I.Ss.
The development of Archaeo-spatial database “Apollo” is based on the GIS
technology and cooperates with the Information Systems developed by the
“Amyklaion Research Project”. It constitutes the infrastructure for the
organization of the entire digital background of the project.
Except from the main geospatial datasets, “Apollo” includes results derived
from an accurate and precise technology (Laser Scanning) for 3D geometrical
documentation of the monument and its broad area. Laser scanning
technology provides an extremely useful way to document and protect the
spatial characteristics of the monument.
“Apollo ” Geospatial DB
PREPARENESS
EVALUATION
DIGITIZATION &
ALTERATION
PROCESSING /
IMPROVEMENT
FILTERING
ACCEPTREJECT
IMPORT
DATA COLLECTION
“Apollo" could be a valuable tool for archaeological research in Amykles,since it facilitates the organization, management and documentation of themonument through an innovative method of geospatial data processingrelated to our heritage.SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
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