Post on 13-Feb-2018
45
40
35
30
25
2075
1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.75 0.7 0.65 0.6 0.55
0.55 0.5 0.45 0.4 0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15
(G = 2.68)
0.5 0.45 0.4 0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15
80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150
φ` Obtained from effectivestress failure envelopesapproximate correlation
is for cohesionlessmaterials without
plastic fines
MLSM
SP
SWGP
GW
Relative Density 100%
in this rangeand
0
25%
50%
75%
Angle of Internal Friction Vs Density (For Coarse Grained Soils)
Adapted from NAVFAC DM-7.1 (5/82) p 7.1 - 149
Correlations Of Strength Characteristics For Granular Soils
Material Type
Ang
le o
f Int
erna
l Fric
tion
φ`(D
egre
es)
Dry Unit Weight (γD), PCF
Void Ratio, e
Porosity, n
Coefficient of Consolidation Vs Liquid LimitAdapted from NAVFAC DM-7.1 (1982)
3
2
10-2
10-3
10-4
Liquid Limit (LL)
(Cv)
, FT2
/day
Coe
ffic
ient
of C
onso
lidat
ion
(Cv)
, Cm
2 /se
c
8
8
6543
2
654
8654
3
2
2
1
0.7
0.5
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.07
0.05
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.007
0.005
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Undisturbed Samples:Cv in Range of Virgin CompressionCv in Range of Recompression Lies Above this Lower Limit
Completely Remolded Samples:Cv Lies Below this Upper Limit
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.150 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Und
rain
ed S
treng
th R
atio
Plasticity Index, Ip(percent)
Adapted from Ladd (1991), JGE, ASCE, 117(4)
Comparison of field and laboratory undrained strength ratios for nonvarved sedimentary soils (OCR = 1 for laboratory CKoU testing)
Note: Cu = SuUndrained shear strength for design(stability analyses)
Note: Linear Regression Lines for Clay Data
**
*
**
**
*
*
Source of Strength DataA- LineAboveBelow
Field cu/σp: Larsson (1980)Lab CKoU τave/σvc:Table 4Lab CKoUDSS τh/σvc: MIT*
cu/σp
τh/σvc
τave/σvc
50
40
30
20
10
00 20 40 60 80 100 200 400 600 1000
Fric
tion A
ngle
, φ', D
egre
es
Plasticity Index, Ip, percent
Soft and Stiff Clays, and Shale CompositionsClay Mineralsφ' (oc) Data from Table 3
NC
Values of Friction Angle φ' for Natural Clay Compositions
NC
For σp/σn Range of 10 to 20
For σp/σn Range of 2 to 5
σp = 4100 kPac c
3000
2000
1000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000
Shea
r Stre
ss, k
Pa
σn = Effective Normal Stress, kPa
φ
Peak Strength against Effective Normal Stress Relationship of London ClaySample from 35 m Depth (Data from Bishop et al. 1965)
10,000
10,00
100
10
1
0.110 100 1000 10,000 100,000
c
pσ= 0.024
10 (Table1)
10
c
pσ= 0.10
c , k
Pa
σp , kPa
Relationship between Cohesion Intercept and Preconsolidation Pressure
Adapted from Mesri & Adel - Ghaffar (1993), JGE, ASCE, 119(8)
2 to 5
10 to 20
nσ pσin /σn Range of
60
50
40
30
20
10740 0 10 16 20 30 40 50
ML or OL
MH or OH
60 70 80 90 100 110
Plas
ticity
Inde
x (P
I)
Liquid Limit (LL)
Plasticity Chart
"U" L
ine
CL or OL
CH or OH
"A" L
ine
For classification of fine-grained soils and fine-grained fraction of coarse-grained soils.Equation of "A"-line Horizontal at PI = 4 to LL = 25.5, then PI = 0.73 (LL-20)Equation of "U"-line Vertical at LL = 16 to PI = 7, then PI = 0.9(LL-8)CL - ML