Lecture 1

ETY494 – Introduction to Biomedical Engineering (2019 Spring Semester)

MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENTUNIVERSITY OF CRETE

ΕΝΟΤΗΤΑ ΕΙΔΟΣ ΗΜΕΡΟΜΗΝΙΑ ΘΕΜΑ

1 Διάλεξη 5 Φεβ 2019 Εισαγωγή στην Βιοϊατρική Μηχανική Ι

2 Διάλεξη 7 Φεβ 2019 Εισαγωγή στην Βιοϊατρική Μηχανική ΙΙ

3 Διάλεξη 12 Φεβ 2019 Μηχανική ρευστών

4 Διάλεξη 14 Φεβ 2019 Βιοϋλικά

5 Διάλεξη 19 Φεβ 2019 Μηχανική κυττάρου και ιστού I

6 Διάλεξη 21 Φεβ 2019 Μηχανική κυττάρου και ιστού II

7 Διάλεξη 26 Φεβ 2019 3D εκτύπωση I

8 Διάλεξη 28 Φεβ 2019 3D εκτύπωση II

9 Διάλεξη 5 Μαρ 2019 Ανατομία και Φυσιολογία του ανθρώπου

10 Διάλεξη 7 Μαρ 2019 Μοντελοποιώντας το ανθρώπινο σώμα –

Εμβιομηχανική και Ορθοπεδική

11 Διάλεξη 12 Μαρ 2019 Ανάλυση βαδίσματος

12 Διάλεξη 14 Μαρ 2019 Μοντελοποιώντας το ανθρώπινο σώμα –

Καρδιαγγειακή φυσιολογία

13 Διάλεξη 19 Μαρ 2019 Μοντελοποιώντας το ανθρώπινο σώμα –

Κυκλοφορία του αίματος

14 Εργασία 21 Μαρ 2019 Παρουσίαση εργασίας Ι

15 Εργασία 26 Μαρ 2019 Παρουσίαση εργασίας II

16 Διάλεξη 28 Μαρ 2019 BioMEMS & Βιοαισθητήρες I

17 Διάλεξη 2 Απρ 2019 BioMEMS & Βιοαισθητήρες II

18 Διάλεξη 4 Απρ 2019 Προσθετικά και τεχνητά μέλη

19 Διάλεξη 9 Απρ 2019 Εμβιομηχανικός σχεδιασμός

20 Διάλεξη 11Απρ 2019 Εμφυτεύματα

21 Διάλεξη 16 Απρ 2019 Φτιάχνοντας τεχνητά όργανα

22 Διάλεξη 18 Απρ 2019 Εξατομικευμένη Ιατρική

23 Διάλεξη 7 Μαϊ 2019 Τεχνικές οπτικής απεικόνισης

24 Εργασία 9 Μαϊ 2019 Παρουσίαση εργασίας ΙΙΙ

25 Εργασία 14 Μαϊ 2019 Παρουσίαση εργασίας ΙV

26 Ανασκόπηση 16 Μαϊ 2019 Ανασκόπηση του μαθήματος και συζήτηση με τους φοιτητές

27 Εξέταση Θα καθοριστεί Γραπτή εξέταση του μαθήματος

3 Δ.Μ. – 5 ECTS

Κωδικός Μαθήματος: ΕΤΥ494

ΒιολογίαςΙατρικής

ΜαθηματικώνΦυσικήςΧημείας

ΤΕΜΤΕΥ

ΠΡΟΑΠΑΙΤΟΥΜΕΝΑΤΕΤΥ

ΕΤΥ - 232 Βιοχημεία & Μοριακή Βιολογία

ήΕΤΥ - 335 Μοριακή Κυτταρική

ΒιοχημείαΥΠΟΛΟΙΠΟΙ (15 φοιτητές ανά τμήμα)

Χωρίς προαπαιτούμενα αλλά με επιθυμητή τη γνώση αρχών φυσικής 2

ΕΝΟΤΗΤΑ ΠΟΣΟΣΤΟ (%) ΒΑΘΜΟΣ ΠΟΣΟΣΤΙΑΙΟΣ ΒΑΘΜΟΣ

Εργασία 30 Α Α*30%

Εξέταση 70 Β B*60%

ΤΕΛΙΚΟΣ ΒΑΘΜΟΣ Α x 30%+ B x 70%

ΒΙΒΛΙΟΓΡΑΦΙΑ1. “Introduction to Biomedical Engineering”, J. Ederle & J. Bronzino, Academic press,

ISBN: 97801237497962. “Biomedical Technology and Devices” J.E. Moore & D. Maitland, CRC Press, ISBN:

97814398595993. “Fundamentals of Biomedical Engineering”, G.S. Sawhney, New Age International

Publishers, ISBN: 81224210244. “Fundamentals of Biomechanics”, D. Knudson, Springer, ISBN: 9780387493114

3

Αλέξανδρος Πανταζής

email: alepa@physics.uoc.gr

τηλέφωνο: 2810394111 & 2810394368

γραφείο:

Γ.41 (Τομέας Μικροηλεκτρονικής), Επίπεδο 1 - Τμήμα

Φυσικής

Ε.212 (Τεχνολογία Βιοαισθητήρων), Επίπεδο 2 - Τμήμα

Βιολογίας

Ιστοσελίδα μαθήματος: https://www.materials.uoc.gr/el/undergrad/courses/ETY494

4

BIO MEDICAL ENGINEERING

Science and practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and

prevention of disease.

The study of living

organisms, divided intomany specialized fieldsthat cover their morp-hology, physiology, ana-tomy, behaviour, origin,and distribution.

The application of knowledge in the

form of physics and mathematics tothe innovation, design, constructionand operation of structures, machines,materials, devices, systems andprocesses

5

Biomedical Engineering integrates physical, chemical,mathematical, computational sciences and engineeringprinciples to study biology, medicine, behavior, and health. Itadvances fundamental concepts; creates knowledge from themolecular to the organ systems level; and develops innovativebiologics, materials, processes, implants, devices andinformatics approaches for the prevention, diagnosis, andtreatment of disease, for patient rehabilitation, and forimproving health.

ACCORDING TO BMES (www.bmes.org)

6

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

7

8

https://www.healthline.com/health-news/pregnant-women-shouldnt-worry-about-ultrasounds-autism-link 9

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/paralympic-sport/9518078/Oscar-Pistorius-could-have-run-with-longer-blades-at-the-Paralympics-says-prosthetics-supplier.html 10

https://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/info-12-2013/robotic-surgery-risks-benefits.html 11

12https://omicrono.elespanol.com/2014/04/darpa-desarrollara-protesis-que-se-sentiran-como-extremidades-reales/

https://www.welchallyn.com/en/products/categories/patient-monitoring/vital-signs-devices/connex-vital-signs-monitor.html 13

14https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317101532_Nanotechnology_towards_prevention_of_anemia_and_osteoporosis_from_concept_to_market/figures?lo=1

15https://lymphoma-action.org.uk/about-lymphoma-tests-diagnosis-and-staging/bone-marrow-biopsy

https://www.prlog.org/12612271-implantable-medical-devices-market-is-expected-to-reach-116300-million-by-2022-globally.html 16

https://carlsbadimaging.com/x-ray/

https://online.ahu.edu/programs/certificate-programs/advanced-imaging-certificate-in-magnetic-resonance-imaging/ https://openmedscience.com/medical-imaging/magnetic-resonance-imaging/

17

https://www.healtheuropa.eu/radiation-therapy/89230/ 18

http://lab-on-chip.gene-quantification.info/ 19

http://ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-level/topic-1-cell-biology/14-membrane-transport/kidney-dialysis.html 20

https://blog.frontiersin.org/2018/09/09/physiology-wearable-devices-review/ 21

22https://www.discogs.com/Marco-Beltrami-Ceiri-Torjussen-Marcus-Trumpp-Repo-Men/release/3342687

23https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gk1K5wRduHo

24https://lucid.me/blog/limitless-pill-nzt-48-really-exist/

NZT PILL!IT IS NOT AN

25https://www.amazon.com/Limitless-Bradley-Cooper/dp/B0053EOFFO

MOVIE STORYFacing unemployment and hisgirlfriend's rejection, writer EddieMorra (Bradley Cooper) is sure thathe has no future. That all changeswhen an old friend gives him a drugthat produces enhanced mentalacuity. Stoked on the untestedchemical, Eddie rises to the top ofthe financial world and attracts theattention of a tycoon (Robert DeNiro) who intends to use him to makea fortune. But terrible side-effectsand a dwindling supply threaten tocollapse Eddie's house of cards.

26http://greaterorlandogi.com/services/capsule-endoscopy/

https://mycardoeswhat.org/safety-features/push-button-start/27

How old is Biomedical Engineering?

http://www.landlordreferencing.co.uk/blog/the-evolution-of-lifestyle-network-referencing/

28

https://deadline.com/2017/03/the-big-bang-theory-renewed-season-11-12-cbs-1202047021/

Big Bang Dinosaurs

http://gph.is/1OWdpRF

http://gph.is/19YQeDP 29

Long time ago

https://www.herbazest.com/wellness-articles/10-facts-about-medicinal-herbs-and-prescription-drugs

Art of herb doctoring Bone setting "Surgery" Midwifery

http://finosfilm.com/gallery/movieGallery/32#/images/1α30

https://www.pinterest.com/pin/337699672041479641/

http://www.nzdl.org/gsdlmod?e=d-00000-00---off-0fnl2%2E2--00-0----0-10-0---0---0direct-10---4-------0-1l--11-en-50---20-about---00-0-1-00-0--4----0-0-11-10-0utfZz-8-00&cl=CL2.5&d=HASH60ea3dc5f5e6807daf9cd0.17.18&gt=1

Ancient Egypt

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SURGICAL CASES

• Diagnoses

• Prognoses

• Treatment

REMEDIES

• Crocodile bite

• Constipation

• …

http://blog.bridgemanimages.com/ancient-egypt-a-journey-through-the-afterlife/

EN

Imhotep(He who comes in peace)

AE(Ancient Egyptian)

Wooden prosthetic(Discovered in 2000, Thebes)

Ancient Greece

32

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/tours/partners/cosmos/wonders-ancient-greece/

https://draculafordoctors.wordpress.com/2018/08/27/more-snakes-and-medicine-asclepius/

Asclepius Hippocrates

• Disease was a natural process• Symptoms were reactions of the body to

disease• Each patient was treated as an original case• Collector of all the remedies and techniques• Diagnostic observation and clinical

treatment began to replace superstition

Renaissance

33

https://www.christianitytoday.com/history/people/scholarsandscientists/galileo-galilei.html

Applied Galileo’s laws of motion and mechanics to the problem of blood circulation.

Sanctorius

https://www.flickr.com/photos/75909062@N07/6941684110

Comparative studies ofthe human temperature and pulse

https://www.lindahorn.com/v/GALILEAN+THERMOSCOPE/P9740

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/harvey_william.shtml

William Harvey

19th - 20th century

34

Electrocardiograph (William Einthoven)

https://www.pastmedicalhistory.co.uk/willem-einthoven-and-the-electrocardiogram/

X-RAYS(Wilhelm K. Roentgen)

https://imgur.com/gallery/H8fBK

Stethoscope(Rene Laennec)

http://broughttolife.sciencemuseum.org.uk/broughttolife/techniques/germtheory

Germ TheoryIgnaz Semmelweis

Joseph ListerJohn Snow

Louis PasteurRobert Koch

1970 - Tomography

Last 100 years

35

1935 - Sulfanilamide

1928 - Penicillin 1938 - Electron Microscope

https://www.flickr.com/photos/unsom-synapse/3857878008

1970 - Pacemaker 1990 – Human Genome Project

https://geneticliteracyproject.org/2017/03/03/human-genome-project-2-scientists-synthesize-entire-genetic-blue-print/

https://www.medmuseum.siemens.com/en/stories-from-the-museum/herzschrittmacher

2000 – Robotic Surgery

1986 – Stent

https://www.cbsnews.com/news/fda-approves-first-dissolving-heart-stent-for-us-patients/

Future

36

3D printing of organs

Robotics in healtcare

Exoskeletons

https://medicalfuturist.com/robotics-healthcare

Microrobots

https://www.scitecheuropa.eu/microrobotics/92368/

Wearables

https://in.askmen.com/tech-news/1105448/article/the-future-of-wearable-technology

https://www.electrolube.com.au/technical-articles/wearable-technology-protecting-the-future-in-electronic-developments/

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BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERS

Forrest Bird - Mechanical Ventilator

38

http://www.almuderis.com.au/hip-surgery/hip-arthroplasty/information/history-of-hip-replacementhttps://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/04/us/dr-forrest-bird-inventor-of-medical-respirators-and-ventilators-dies-at-94.html

John Charnley - Artificial hip replacement

39

Graeme Clarke - Cochlear implant

40

https://webapps.acu.edu.au/onthejob/life_job/famous_people/Graeme_Clark.htmhttps://clancytucker.blogspot.com/2017/04/17-april-2017-professor-graeme-clark.html

Willem Einthoven - Electrocardiograph

41https://www.pastmedicalhistory.co.uk/willem-einthoven-and-the-electrocardiogram/

Wilson Greatbatch - Internal cardiac pacemaker

42http://news.wbfo.org/post/heritage-moments-clarence-engineer-and-invention-saved-millions-lives

https://prezi.com/ddddro-ku71v/the-invention-of-the-cardiac-pacemaker/

Charles Hufnagel - Artificial heart valve

43https://www.cardioatrio.com/index.php/casos-clinicos/33-contenidos-generales/hitos-en-cardiologia/2801-inicio-y-desarrollo-de-las-valvulas-cardiacas-protesicas

https://twitter.com/thomasngmorris

Robert Jarvik - Artificial heart

44https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/21/us/artificial-hearts-ticking-along-decades-after-jarvik-7-debate.html

Willem Johan Kolff - Kidney dialysis

45https://www.kidneynews.org/kidney-news/features/willem-kolff-honoring-pioneer-of-modern-dialysis

https://www.rsnhope.org/health-library/know-willem-j-kolff-md-father-dialysis-dialyzer/

Rene Laënnec - Stethoscope

46

https://www.pastmedicalhistory.co.uk/the-story-of-rene-laennec-and-the-first-stethoscope/

http://rillmag.blogspot.com/2016/02/google-doodles-about-rene-laennec.htmlhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/237091660_From_Auditory_and_Visual_to_Immersive_Neurofeedback_Application_to_Diagnosis_of_Alzheimer%27s_Disease/figures?lo=1&utm_source=google&utm_medium=organic

Michel Mirowski - Implantable cardioverter defibrillator

47

https://www.cardiomyopathy.org/news--media/latest-news/post/411-implantable-cardioverter-defibrillators-your-questions-answered

https://www.mddionline.com/more-pacemaker-breakthroughs-heart-valves-and-first-icd

Wilhelm Roentgen - X-rays

48http://cefalo-x.com.br/blog/descoberta-dos-raio-x/

Why notable?

49

50https://www.nbcsports.com/chicago/bulls/scottie-pippen-michael-jordan-vs-lebron-james-debate-its-not-fair-comparison