Galactose Conversion

GROUP IIIImanuelle OrchideaNugroho Windu HadiRohsi Purnama Sari

Before Glycolisis

Galactose Structure in Comparison with Glucose

Lactose Hydrolisis

How galactose change into

glucose?

1. Conversion of β-D-galactose to α-D-galactose

2. Phosphorylation on C1 with ATP and galactokinase

ATP + D galactose -----> D galactose-1-phosphate+ ADP + H

Mg2+

+

Ribbon representation of galactose mutarotase from L. lactis.

The two subunits of the dimeric protein are displayed in red and blue. Bound galactose molecules are depicted in ball-and-stick representations. X-ray coordinates were from Protein Data Bank number 1L7K.

Cartoon diagram of a human galactokinase 1 monomer in complex with galactose (red) and an analogue of adenosine triphosphate (orange).A magnesium ion is visible as a green sphere.

3. Conversion of galactose-1-phosphate into glucose-1-phosphate by galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase

Ribbon representation of galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase from E. coli.

The two subunits of the dimeric enzyme are displayed in red and blue with the positions of the metals indicated by the round spheres. The active site in this protein model contains bound UDP-glucose. X-ray coordinates were from Protein Data Bank number 1GUQ.

Recycle of the UDP-galactose to UDP-glucose for the transferase reaction.

Ribbon representation of human UDP-galactose 4-epimerase.

Each subunit of the dimeric enzyme folds into two domains. The N- and C-terminal domains are color-coded in blue and red, respectively. Bound NADH and UDP-glucose molecules are drawn in ball-and-stick representations. X-ray coordinates were from Protein Data Bank number 1EK6.