Transcript of Balkan States and the EU Enlargement 2013
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48
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50
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64 Ibid, . 31.
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and Machine Operators Craft Workers women Clerks men Professionals
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Commission for Europe, 2008.
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Machine Operators Craft Workers women Clerks men Professionals
Legislators 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 : United Nations Economic
Commission for Europe, 2009. . Women and Men in selected occupation
groups Plant and Machine Operators Craft Workers women Clerks men
Professionals Legislators 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
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Bosnia and Herzegovina Macedonia Montenegro Serbia Kosovo Western
Balkans EU-10 CPI score 3.1 3.2 3.9 4.0 3.3 2.9 3.4 4.7 :
Transparency Internationals Corruption Perception Index 2011, 182
countries surveyed, ECONOMIC AND EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVES OF WESTERN
BALKAN COUNTRIES Slavica Penev
- 70. 70| ( ) . , , , . , , . , - .150 , , , , . , . , , .151 , ,
, ( ) 150 2000 . : , -, , , , 1244 151
- 71. , .152 . . , . , .153 , . , , . , . 152 153
http://www.westernbalkans.info- Integration of the Western Balkans
in the EU Internal Market p8
http://www.ecfr.eu/blog/entry/dark_clouds_gather_over_the_balkan_economies
- 72. 72| 154 2008 . , , 2008 . . 2008 . (GDP per capita ) .
154
- 73. 155 INFLATION GDP CONSUMER PRICES K . . PPP156. 2010, .
22,60 1994 -0,9 2009. . , . 156 PPP Purchasing power parity
155
- 74. 74| , .157 2011 .. 0,2% . 1968 (-0,3%). 2013, 2012, 0,2%,
1,7%, 2012 2011.158 157
http://www.foreignaffairs.gr/articles/69243/periklis-gkogkas-kai-ioannis-praggidis/o-plithorismoskaleitai-na-sosei-tin-oikonomia-tis-eyrozonis?page=show
158 http://www.tovima.gr/finance/article/?aid=506888
- 75. I Current account balance (%GDP) 159 . (WB) (CA) . WB . . ,
, . . 2002, , , 2007. , , , . (current account balance ) . , , ,
Gutemberg 159
- 76. 76| () , . 160 O , .161 , () 162 . 1989. /FDI , 90 , . , ,
. , , , .. . 160 http://www.bankofgreece.gr/BogEkdoseis , , , 162
(Foreign Direct Investment) 161
- 77. , , . 1989 , , 10 . , . , . . 82% 3 ( 41%, 20,5% 20,5%).
(47%) (36%) ( 48%, - 26%). , , . 1.1 : : CIA, world fact book 3.5%
13,6% 29.7% 30% 14,2% 23,4% 32,1% 23.2% 46% 30,8% 73.1% 54,3% 47.1%
24% 55% 19.6% 58% 30.4% 15% 50% 27% 2006 , , . , . ,
- 78. 78| 20% . FDI 90% , , . , . 60 , , , . 1989 , , , , 90 . ,
, , , . . . , , , . , . .
- 79. , . . 2000 . , , , . , , 50-70% . . , . 1980 , . , , . 1990
. , . 90 ( ). 2000 , , .. , . 1996 92,7% , . . 80 90 . 90.
- 80. 80| 1 inward and outward FDI , annual , 2000-2011 : UNCTAD
: 2007 27 31 EUR 4,1 . 2004. 33.3% SNP Petrom OMV EUR 669 . ( EUR
800 . ) 51% (Electrica Banat Electrica Dobrogea) EUR 112 . ENEL
.
- 81. (BCR, CEC, Eximbank) (logistics) (real estate) . , 51%
Electrica Moldova E.ON EUR 100 . Electrica Oltenia CEZ EUR 151 . ,
. (22 . 38 . ) . : 31 2004 65% Bulgarian Telecommunications Company
Advent International ( Viva Ventures) EUR 230 . ( EUR 50 . ) EUR
700 . 67% EUR 693 . 2004 Bulgartabac (CSFB) . , , (greenfield)
.
- 82. 82| : 2004. . ( 20%) supermarkets hypermarkets. Suncari
Hvar 2005. 15% ( 25% 2003 MOL USD 505 .), CO 7% Croatian Telecom. ,
2003-04, 80% ( Unicredito / Allianz group 26% Intesa / BCI 20%
Privredna Banka Zagreb). Croatia Banka Croatian Post Bank, 2005. ,
, . & : - 2003 DIN Phillip Morris EUR 387 . DIV British
American Tobacco EUR 70 . Beopetrol Lukoil EUR 117 . , Interbrew,
Carlsberg Efes. 2003 EUR 1.197 . , 2004,
- 83. EUR 777 . 2005 , Jubanka Alpha Bank ( EUR 152 .), Delta
banka Banca Intesa (EUR 277.5 370 . 100%) Atlas banka ( EUR 50 .).
, (Telecom Serbia, 20%) (Mobtel) EPS. 2004 EUR 50 . (+29% 2003)
2005 Telekom Montenegro ( EUR 160 .), Podgorica Aluminium Plant
(KAP) Podgoricka Banka. : 2004 EUR 1.400 . , , . ( 600) ( 240) , ,
, , . 2004 Savings Bank Raiffeisen Zentralbank USD 126 ., Albanian
Mobile Communication (AMC) OTE Telenor USD 38 . 2001 . 51-75%
Albtelecom, INSIG -
- 84. 84| 15 . , USD 300 . , Servcom, ARMO Albpetrol. & : -
EUR 1.500 . 2004, 40% , , . , . , . FYROM: 2004 EUR 1.220 . 2001
Makedonski Telekomunikacii EUR 343 . MATAV. 1997-99, . 2004 100 , ,
. , , . . .
- 85. . , , . (pull factors) : 2 FDI . - : . 123 2 5 1 21 2 4 9 4
4 4 14 2 5 2 2 7 6 3 1 4 6 1 2 1 2 2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
- 86. 86| . , , 2006 , 15 . . . , . . , , , . , , (FDI), , , . ,
. 25 80% . , 3.000-3.500 8.00010.000 , , , . , .
- 87. . , : (Petrochilos Salavrakos 2003). H (Petrakos, 1997). .
, . ( ), . , . 1:8 1:4 1:5. 1:3, . ( ), . ( , ..) , (15% 1/1/2005).
, , , , 1980 ( ) (Iammarino Pitelis, 2000).
- 88. 88| . . , -- , . , () (joint ventures) , Coca-Cola, ,
Intracom, , Goodys, , , . [.. ( )] (Bitzenis, 2002). , , 1992 2006
1,5 . , 10% . , 23,6% . , 200 . ' , 2002. ,
- 89. . . 1.500 ( 3.000) , . ( ), , /, , . 2003 Nova TV (Ant1). -
- . 44% . . , 2004 , , ( ), 4,85 . . - . 37,7 . - ( , ISPA). , .. (
25) 5 US$ ( 70% ).
- 90. 90| : , ' , Eurobank, HBC - - 3, , Chipita, Halcor, ,
Intracom Goodys . US$ ( 4.000 ). ... 11 , . 950 . ( - ). : ( , , ,
), , , , , , , ( ) . 350 US$. $165 . , $64 HBC/3E . 10 350 $
- 91. , 505,5 . ( , , , ..). , ( ), 800 3 . , -Romtelecom 2002,
Eurobank Bank Post 2002 2003 Banka Romaneska 2003. 2002 Romtelecom
( 54%), , , . 27.5.2005 Cosmote Romtelecom 70% Cosmorom, 120 .
Cosmote Cosmorom. , 2005 Cosmote . Cosmote 70% Cosmote Romania
(Cosmorom). 81,6% Banca Romanesca, 15,4%, , . 57,13% MindBank . : ,
, , , - ,
- 92. 92| , , , , , , , , . : , , , EFG Eurobank, , , , , ,
Chipita , , , , , , , . . , 2001-2004 , 122,12 . . 2001, , , , .. (
1996 ) 1,8 . . ( ) 2,1 . . 150 , 120 . 1996-1998 , . , , . STET
Intl. Netherlands NV , , , Alpha Eurobank, .
- 93. : Coca-Cola (3E or HBC) Balkaninvest Ltd (IBP Beograd) 30 .
$, Delta International Holdings (Lux) Danone 35 . $, 35 . $ cement
plant Kosjeric. & , Jugopetrol AD Kotor (JPK) (54.34%, ),
Yugolot d.o.o. (Intralot- Intracom), Alpha Bank Belgrade, (NBG
Group), EFG Eurobank, a.d. - Beograd (90.8%, EFG Bank Group),
Chipita (Chipita International Group), Halcor S.A. - (Viohalco
Group). , UNECE (2004), $740 1997, $113 1998, $112 1999, $50 2000,
$165 2001, $475 2002, $1260 2003. , 27% , 800 . . 270 : , , , , , ,
- . : - , , Tirana Bank Alpha - , Albanian Mobile Communications (
Cosmote) Vodafone ( Vodafone ). , 200 . , . ,
- 94. 94| Alpha Bank, , , . , 30%40% , , , , Alpha Delta ,
Constructions , , Fidias .. Kesh Sh.a., 6,847 . , EBRD. Prometheus
Gas SA ( ) 2.8.2006 ( 320 . ). , 1989 , . ( ) , 90 . , , . , CIA,
WORLD BANK UNITED NATIONS DIVISION 2007/2008 4.000 () 32.000 ()
.
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163 International Energy Agency. (2008). Energy in the Western
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Pljevlja 175 . . Pljevlja , Berane 17 . . , Economic Consulting
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- 99. 99| . 1 , 2009
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- 101. 101| , , , TPES . , , 0,5% ( ), 0,4% 1,2% -27. (28,2%) /
(8,6%), -27 ( 29% 40%, , 25% ). , (National Energy Efficiency
Action Plans, NEEAPs) , 9% 2016 2006/32/ (ESD).171 2008-2016 , 9%
2001-2005 2016 . , . , 4 (1) , . , / , / [...] . III, 6 (1) ... , /
: , , , 4, , . , . , (2008), op. cit. 171
- 102. 102| , 3% 2027, .172 :173 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. , 6. (, , ) 7. 8.
, 9. International Resources Group, Final Report of the Regional
Demand Energy Planning Project Future Energy Scenarios in South
East Europe and the Potential for Energy Efficiency, (Washington,
D.C.: USAID/IRG, 2008). 140%, (100%) (60%). 173 IEA report (2008),
op. cit. 172
- 103. 103| . 1. , 174 , ( ) ( ).175 Chontanawat et al. , - / ,
57% 47% , 56% 51% , , 29% .176 1 2009 ( 28,3 Mtoe 48,7 TWh ) , 25
1981-2007 , , , Ansgar Belke, Christian Dreger and Frauke de Haan,
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Cointegration Relationship, No 190, Ruhr Economic Papers (2010). ,
Valeria Costantini and Chiara Martini, The causality between energy
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(kWh/capita) 3.16 5.88 18.16 1.25 0.48 5.58 1768 7.59 19.29 74.84
9.83 8.06 33.38 4401 B/ 3.77 8.14 33.13 4.47 1.59 10.80 2868 4.43
28.35 63.14 4.07 4.49 16.44 3709 FYROM 2.04 4.41 14.95 1.61 1.25
7.08 3467 21.48 56.00 199.91 28.30 6.62 48.69 2267 7.32 9.00 33.13
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191 Energy Community, Externally Funded Financing for Energy
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employment) 204 . , , . , . , . . 204 International Labour
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- 124. 124| . . Self-employed, total (% of total employed)205 . .
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