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Index Symbols S cardinality of a set S 49 ∈ set member 49 ⊆ subset 49 ⊂ proper subset 49 ∩ set intersection 49 ∪ set union 49 − set difference 49 × Cartesian…
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Diapositiva 1 1 1 Topologic quantum phases Pancharatnam phase The Indian physicist S. Pancharatnam in 1956 introduced the concept of a geometrical phase. Let H(ξ ) be an…