Typography - continueK1066BI – Graphical DesignTeppo Räisä[email protected]
Typography
Typography
•From Greek words ▫τύπος (typos) = form ▫γραφή (graphy) = writing
•It is the art and technique of arranging type, type design, and modifying type glyphs▫Representing spoken language in written
form
Typography
•The earliest surviving European letterforms are Greek letters carved in stone▫800 BC
•The Roman Empire adopted the letters from Greek▫700 BC
•The Romans developed them into what is know as a roman type▫Also known as Latin letter
Typography
•Duenos inscription
•600 BC•A B C D E F Z H I
K L M N O P Q R ST V X
Typography
Typography
•The Roman type started as capitals▫Inscriptions on buildings and monuments
were written with CAPITAL LETTERS•Today this is known as uppercase•Lowercase letters evolved from
handwritten text▫200-300 BC
Typography
Typography
•Typical to Roman type is the use of serifs
TEPPO
Typography
•In computer era the use of sans-serifs has increased▫Sans = without, sans-sefir = without serifs▫They are typically easier to read from
computer screen
Typography
•Letters were carved to stone with a hammer and a chisel▫We can practice this with Paint
Typography
•In computer era the use of sans-serifs has increased▫They are typically easier to read from
computer screen
TEPPO
Typography•Sans-serif types are new invention (200 years)
TEPPO•The use of serifs is much older (2000 years)
TEPPO
Typography
•Terms▫UPPERCASE / lowercase▫SMALL CAPITALS▫Serif / Sans-serif▫Italic (oblique)▫Bold
Typography
•Uppercase and numbers▫Numbers have uppercase and lowercase,
too▫If we use uppercase letters we should use
uppercase numbers NOT LIKE THIS 1938
▫Many times computer fonts do not have both uppercase and lowercase numbers
Typography
•Other terms
Typography
•Point▫Smallest unit of measure ▫Abbreviated as pt▫In desktop publishing 1 point is 1/72 of an
inch▫1 point = 0.3527 mm
•Pica = 12 points•Word, InDesign etc measure font sizes in
points
Typography
•The size is measure from descent to ascent▫Usually designers leave little bit room
above ascender and below descender
Typography
•The size is measure from descent to ascent▫Usually designers leave little bit room
above ascender and below descender
Fon
tsize
Typographic contrast
•Good typography is both art and communication
•Besides different types, we can also use contrast▫One of the main techniques
•In typography we can change▫Size▫Shape▫Weight▫Color
Size contrast
•Size change should be more than 10%•Usually we should not use too big size
difference▫20% is usually enough, e.g. Heading could
be 12 points, body of text 10 points
Size contrast
•20% constrast:
I saw a big cat
Size contrast
•Of course sometimes you want to over emphasize:
I saw a big cat
Shape contrast
•For shape contrast use two very different types▫Italic and normal text▫Uppercase and lowercase▫Strong sans-serif and light/italic serif
Shape contrast
•GraphicalDesign
•PANoulu
•TheGuardian
Weight contrast
•We can also change the font’s weight
•oneworld
•BELLSOUTH
Weight contrast
•We can also change the font’s weight
•oneworld
•BELLSOUTH
•You should not use this too much•Usually italic is better than bold
Color contrast
•Finally, you can change the colors to create contrast
•We will speak of the use of colors more in later lectures
Ecotone
Contrast
•Always use contrast with care
•It is very EASY to use it too much
Typography
•Operating systems usually come with pre-installed fonts▫All the normal fonts are usually there▫If we want some special fonts we have to
install them
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