Download - metaptyxiako programma

Transcript
  • 1

    ................................................................................................................................... 7 1 : ................................................................... 9

    1.1. ...............................................................9 1.2. : ......................................................................11 1.3. - ..........................................................................13

    2: ................................................................. 16 2.1. ....................................................................................................16 2.2. .............18 2.3. .....................................................................................19 2.4. ......................................................................20 2.5. ..............................................21 3:

    ... .................................................. 25 3.1. ..............................................................................................................25 3.2. : .............29 3.3. ............................................................32 3.4. .........................35

    3.4.1. 85/337 97/11 ..................................37 3.4.2. 69629/5387/1990 ...................................................................................................38 3.4.3. ...................................................................................................................................................40 3.4.4 . ...................................................................41

    3.5. ... (. 3010/2002 15393/2002).........................................44 3.6. .......................................................................................................51 3.7. K M..E...............................................................................................................53

    4: ... ........................................................................................ 54

    4.1. ... - .........................................54 4.2. ... . .............56 4.3. ... ...................................................................57 4.4. ... ............................59

    ............................................................................................................................... 64

    .

  • 1

    .

  • 2

    , ,

    .

  • 3

    . 1976. 2001

    ,

    .

    2001

    .

    ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    .

    .

  • 4

    / 2004

    .

    ,

    .

    , ,

    .

    ,

    .

    ABSTRACT

    heoharis Ammanatidis

    The role of environmental impact assessments as a tool in the formulation of environmental policy in greece.

    March/2004

    This thesis examines the role of Environmental Impact Assessment as a tool in the formulation of environmental policy in Greece. Objective of this examination is the analysis of the existing legal framework and its application to date as a field for drawing an environmental policy in Greece. Research is focusing on the comparison among theoretical information about the environment and environmental protection, actions to be taken and financing as well as E.U. directives. The thesis examines the shortcomings of environmental studies as framework for environmental policy and the role of the agents in carrying out and applying such studies.

  • 5

    1:

    23

    2: 39

    3: 42

    4: 44

  • 6

    E.I.A.: Environmental Impact Assessment

    SEA: Strategic Environmental Assessment

    UNEP: United Nations Environment Programme

    ...:

    .:

    ....:

    .:

    ...:

    ...:

    ...:

    ...

    ...:

    :

    ...:

    ...:

    .:

    ..:

    ... .:

    ...:

    .:

    ...:

    ...:

    ..:

    ...:

    ..:

    .:

    .....:

    ...:

  • 7

    .

    ,

    .

    ,

    .

    ,

    .

    ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    ,

    .

    .

    , 1970,

    , ,

    .

    ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    . ,

    .

  • 8

    .

    -

    ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    .

    .

    ,

    .

    . ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    .

    , ,

    . ...

    ,

    .

  • 9

    1 :

    1.1.

    O ,

    .

    (. )

    , ;. 1970 1976

    . ,

    : , , , , ...

    ,

    , , ,

    , .

    , , ,

    , , .... 1976-77,

    , ,

    , , ( ., 1995, 7941).

    ,

    ,

    .

    , :

    ,

    , ,

    (. 1650/86).

    . 2

    ( -

    ...) .

    1 : , , 1995. 2 , (, , ) (, , ..). .

  • 10

    , 3 , ,

    , .

    (UNEP),

    (Habitat total): ,

    . ,

    :

    - (, ...)

    - (, , )

    - (, 1999, 8-9).

    , ,

    .

    ,

    . ,

    -.

    , :

    () (, 1999, .9).

    ,

    :

    ) , , ,

    , ,

    ,

    (. 1650/86).

    )

    (. 1650/86).

    )

    ,

    , ,

    (. 1650/86).

    3 , , , , .

  • 11

    ) ,

    ,

    (. 1650/86).

    )

    (. 1650/86).

    ) , ,

    , .

    .

    ,

    .

    .

    ,

    . .

    ,

    (, 1995, 7954).

    1.2. :

    , ,

    , .

    .

    .

    .

    , .

    , .

    ,

    ,

    .

    - .

    ,

    , . ,

    4 : , , 1995.

  • 12

    -

    (, 1999, .9).

    .

    (.. )

    , ..

    .

    (, 2001, . 31).

    (

    ) .

    () ,

    . ,

    .

    (, 1999, . 9).

    . ,

    ,

    . ,

    :

    . ,

    .

    .

    , .

    .

    . ,

    ,

    (, 2000, .74).

    ,

    ,

  • 13

    .

    ,

    .

    . ,

    ,

    ,

    .

    1.3. -

    - ,

    ,

    ,

    ,

    , ,

    . ,

    ,

    , .

    .

    ,

    ( )

    , (, 1995, . 87-885).

    ,

    . ,

    , .

    ,

    5 : , , 1995

  • 14

    ,

    (, 1998, . 796).

    (

    Brundtland 1987),

    . ;

    ,

    ; (, 1999, . 367).

    :

    -

    -

    -

    (, 1994, . 168).

    . ,

    .

    (, 1998, . 819):

    ) ,

    ,

    ,

    ) ,

    ,

    ) , ..

    ,

    ) ,

    ) ,

    6 : , . -., . , 1998. 7 : , , 1999. 8 : , , , , 1994. 9 : , . -., . , 1998.

  • 15

    ) ,

    .

  • 16

    2:

    2.1. 10

    , ,

    , , .

    ,

    .

    , , , ,

    ....

    ,

    . ,

    , ,

    .

    , (, ,

    ...).

    ,

    .. - .

    ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    (, 1999, . 30-31).

    . ,

    .

    ;,

    10 . / http://www.aegean.gr/environment-postgraduate/

  • 17

    .

    ; ,

    .

    , ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    . , :

    ,

    , ,

    .

    :

    .

    -

    (, 1999, . 32):

    1.

    ,

    2.

    ,

    3. ,

    4. ,

    ,

    5.

    ,

    6. -

    (Think globally Act locally).

    , ,

    .

    ,

  • 18

    ,

    .

    ,

    .

    2.2.

    1970

    . ,

    .

    , ,

    . ,

    . ,

    , , ,

    . ,

    . ,

    ,

    ,

    - .

    . ,

    ( ,

    1988, . 8-9).

    1972,

    . 113

    109

    26

    . 1973 UNEP (United

    Nations Environment Programme). UNEP , ,

  • 19

    ,

    ( , 1988, . 9).

    2.3.

    . ,

    .

    . ,

    ,

    .

    .

    .

    ,

    .

    , .

    ,

    ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    . ,

    . ,

    , ..

    ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    . ,

    ,

    .

  • 20

    ,

    .

    ...

    ,

    . ,

    ,

    ,

    .

    2.4.

    . ,

    .

    ..

    70, (1972)

    .

    .. .

    , , .

    ,

    (, 1999, . 36)

    :

    -

    (1 2 ).

    - - (3

    ).

    -

    (4 ).

    -

    (5 ).

  • 21

    - (,

    , , )

    (6 ).

    .

    ..,

    .

    ,

    . ,

    ,

    , .

    -

    .

    ..,

    . ,

    ...

    ,

    , ,

    .

    (SEA) :

    , ,

    ( , 1996,

    .18).

    2.5.

    , , ,

  • 22

    .

    ,

    . ,

    , , ,

    . ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    ,

    , (, , 1994, .

    47-4811).

    ,

    12.

    1975,

    . , ..

    ,

    , .

    1912 4046/1912

    ( ) (, 1998, . 11613 ).

    ,

    ,

    ,

    , . ,

    ,

    .

    , 1970 1980.

    2520 1940

    .

    11 : , , 1994. 12 . .., , . . , 1990. 13 : , .. - . , . , 1998.

  • 23

    , , ,

    , ,

    ,

    (, 1993, . 27).

    ,

    , . 743 1977

    ,

    (, 1993, . 28).

    , .. 1180 1981 ,

    ,

    ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    (, 1993, . 30).

    80,

    .

    ..... , ..

    . ,

    , ,

    , , .. .

    ,

    .

    1912 1975,

    (, 1998, . 11714 ):

    -

    ,

    . ,

    14 : , .. - . , . , 1998.

  • 24

    .

    1975 ,

    .

    - ,

    ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    ,

    . ,

    ,

    (

    ) . ,

    ,

    ,

    (, 1998, . 166-16815).

    .

    .

    , .

    .

    ,

    ,

    (, 1998, . 27-2816)

    15 : , .. - . , . , 1998. 16 : : ... , , , 1998.

  • 25

    3:

    ... ...

    3.1.

    ,

    .

    .

    ,

    , .

    ,

    . , 1950-60

    . ,

    ,

    (, 1995, 79117).

    ,

    .. , .

    1969

    .

    (Environmental Impact

    Assesement EIA).

    () 1971

    1970.

    17 : ,

    , 1995

  • 26

    (, 1995, 791-7925).

    .

    . ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    (, 1994, .2-3).

    .

    ,

    .

    1985, ()

    ... (. ).

    ... ,

    (Social

    Impact Assessment),

    (Environmental Health Impact Assessment) (Risk Analysis)

    (, 1994, .1).

    (Environmental

    Impact Analysis). Munn (1979) ...

    ,

    . ... ,

    (..

    , , , ) (, 1994, .2).

    ...,

    (...

  • 27

    ...) . ...

    . (, 1994, .2).

    ..

    . ..

    ,

    .

    ,

    ... ..

    ..,

    .

    ,

    .

    , .

    .. :

    1 : .

    . ,

    .

    2 : , .

    ,

    . .

    3 : .

    .

    ,

    ,

    .

    4 : .

    . ,

  • 28

    , ,

    .

    .

    , .

    5 : .

    .

    .

    6 :

    .

    ,

    ( , 1996, .19).

    ..

    . ,

    .

    .. ,

    . -

    ,

    .

    . ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    .

    . ( , 1996, .20).

    ,

  • 29

    .

    :

    1:

    ,

    ..

    (

    )

    (

    )

    : ( , 1996, .22).

    ,

    ,

    .

    3.2. :

    ,

    ,

    . ,

    ,

  • 30

    (, 1995, . 79218).

    ,

    , , ,

    ,

    . , ...

    .

    ...

    , ,

    . ,

    . ,

    . H

    .

    , ,

    .

    , ,

    , .

    ,

    .

    ,

    , ,

    .

    ,

    (Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment).

    ,

    ,

    . ,

    , .

    , (, 1994, . 5-10):

    18 : , , 1995.

  • 31

    1)

    2)

    3)

    4)

    5)

    (, 1994, . 5)

    .

    .

    (, 1994, . 6)

    .

    .

    .

    .

    ,

    .

    (, 1994, . 7)

    .

    .

    ,

    .

    . ...

    , ( ) .

    (, 1994, . 9)

    .

  • 32

    ....

    ,

    .

    . ,

    .

    (, 1994, . 10)

    . ,

    ,

    .

    , .

    , .

    .

    ,

    ,

    .

    3.3.

    ,

    .

    ,

    .

    . , .

    ,

    ,

    , , ..

    ,

    (, 1995, .

    752-75319):

    )

    19 : , , 1995

  • 33

    ) (..

    )

    )

    )

    )

    ) .

    H

    , ,

    .

    . , .

    , .

    ( ). , ,

    (soft

    law), .

    ,

    (, .

    , . , . 16, 2001).

    . ,

    ( 60-70%)

    .

    .

    .., .

    ..

    - ,

    (soft law) (, . , . ., . 13, 2001).

    ,

    .

    .

  • 34

    , , .

    , ,

    , , .

    (, . , . ., . 15 -16,

    2001).

    ,

    20.

    , .

    ,

    21 ,

    (, 1999, . 39-40).

    . ,

    .

    .

    (, 1999, . 40).

    ,

    . 1975 ,

    , (

    24, . 1). , . 1650/1986

    ( ), 16/10/1986.

    20 . , . 2.1 21 . , (), (, ).

  • 35

    , .

    ,

    :

    .

    , ,

    , ,

    .

    .

    :

    () .

    () .

    () .

    () .

    3.4.

    ,

    .. 1180/81

    ,

    . ..

    .

    (, 1994, .18).

    - .. 85/337

    ,

    .

    , ... ,

    .

  • 36

    1650/1986

    ...,

    () . , 1990

    69269/5387 , ...,

    ()

    . 1650/1986

    85/337/22.

    , 75308/5512/1990

    ,

    2 5 .1650/1986.

    , 85/33/ (, 1994, .18-19).

    23

    , ...

    . ,

    .

    ,

    (,1994, .4).

    22 . 23 , ( 2002). .

  • 37

    3.4.1. 85/337 97/1124

    85/337

    05/07/85, 85/337/.

    , , . ,

    ..

    . 97/11 1997

    85/337.

    85/337 :

    . ,

    .

    3 ,

    :

    , , , ,

    . 5,

    , :

    , . , , ,

    , .

    , .

    , . ,

    2 6, :

    , .

    , .

    24

  • 38

    , 7,

    ... ,

    ,

    . ,

    .

    , 13, L 175/85

    ,

    .

    .

    , .. ,

    . , .. ,

    , , . ,

    ...

    3.4.2. 69629/5387/199025

    69629/5387/1990

    ,

    (), ()

    .

    25/10/1990.

    .

    69629/5387

    .

    .

    . :

    . . . .

    25 2002.

  • 39

    . . . . . . ,

    , , ,

    , .

    , :

    , , ,

    , ' ,

    , , ,

    .

  • 40

    3.4.3.

    26

    ,

    ,

    .... ,

    ..... ,

    .

    ,

    .

    ,

    :

    ( 1:50.000 1:20.000), ,

    ( 1:1.000 1:200), , '

    .....

    17/1994 9/1996

    ..... 3 ...

    69269/5387/90.

    ,

    .....,

    .

    , . ,

    .

    , ,

    , ,

    20 ,

    26 69269/1990.

  • 41

    ..... ,

    .

    20 .

    ,

    .

    60 .

    .. 28/1993 (... 9 /

    5.2.93).

    3.4.4 . 27

    , ,

    ... 69269/5387/90. ' ',

    , ,

    .

    , ,

    .

    ' . ,

    4

    ......

    . , ...

    1 16 ... 69269/5387/90,

    3 , 3,

    .

    ,

    15

    .

    15 . ,

    ,

    , .

    ( )

    27 , 2002.

  • 42

    . ,

    ,

    30 .

    ..... .

    ,

    . ,

    - ..,

    . ,

    .

    60

    .

    ,

    (. ..... ).

    , .

    ,

    .

    , . ,

    .

    ' . ,

    , , ,

    .

    ,

    .

    40 .

    ,

    . ,

    ,

    .

    .

  • 43

    ,

    :

    , ,

    .

    .

    .

    , .

    .

    , .....

    .

    ,

    .

    ..., :

    . ,

    .

    ,

    , ,

    ,

    .....

  • 44

    3.5. ... (. 3010/2002 15393/2002)

    3010/2002 . 1650/1986, 15393/2332/5-8-

    2002 69269/5387/1990

    25535/3281/15-11-2002,

    ..

    (),

    () () (, ,

    2003, . 17). 1 ....,

    28 ,

    ,

    , ,

    . , :

    () ,

    () ,

    ,

    ()

    ()

    .

    ,

    , ,

    .

    , ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    .

    .

    28 15393/2002

  • 45

    15393/2002:

    2:

    1

    2

    3

    4

    5

    6

    7

    8

    9

    10

    : 15393/2332/2002

    , ( 1

    2 3 4).

    , :

    1: ,

    .

    2:

    .

    3 4: ,

    ,

    .

    4

    ,

    (, , 2003, . 19).

    :

  • 46

    , . , ,

    ,

    -

    ...

    . ,

    ,

    .

    , ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    ...

    ,

    ,

    .

    , , ,

    .

    ... 90 , 60 , .

    2 " , ,

    , ,

    ,

    , ,

    .

    (')

    ...

  • 47

    .... .

    (')

    .

    (') , , ,

    ,

    .

    . (')

    .

    .

    , ,

    , (') ,

    ,

    .

    , - ,

    .

    4 " ,

    , , , ,

    (50) (500.000) , ,

    , ,

    ".

    .

    . ,

    ,

    (, , 2003, . 19). ,

    :

  • 48

    3:

    - - -

    ,

    , ,

    , ,

    , , ,

    -

    ,

    ,

    ,

    ,

    , ,

    , ,

  • 49

    ,

    ,

    ,

    ,

    , ,

    , , ()

    ()

    ()

    ()

    : , , 2003, 21-23.

  • 50

    4:

    , . .

    , . , .

    , , .

    , .

    .

    .

    .

    , .

    , .

    .

    .

    . .

    , , .

    , . .

    .

    .

    . : , , 2003, 25-26.

  • 51

    3.6. ...

    ,

    , .

    ,

    . .. 541/78

    .

    '70 .

    .. 256/98

    " ".

    . , 716/77

    .

    . :

    () .

    () ,

    .

    () .

    ()

    .

    , :

    1) ,

    , .

    2)

    .

    3)

    , .

    :

    ' . . ' . . ' . .

  • 52

    ' . , '

    ' .

    ' . '

    ' .

    . :

    . ,

    .

    ...,

    ,

    .

    ,

    ...:

    .

    .

    X . , , ,

    .

    , , .

    A ,

    , ...

    T . M..E.:

    M , , , , , ...

    , , , , ... X, .

  • 53

    3.7. K M..E.

    T M..E.

    . E

    .

    :

    1) E .

    M..E.

    , .

    ,

    , , ,

    ....

    , .

    , ,

    .

    2)

    .

    . Y

    E . Y

    .. ....

    T ,

    M..E..

  • 54

    4: ...

    4.1. ... -

    ... .

    ,

    .

    .. (, 1994, .26).

    .

    - ,

    ,

    .

    .

    ,

    , ,

    .

    (, 1993, . 102).

    ...

    ( ., 1998, .

    5429):

    ) ...

    .

    )

    , .

    )

    . ,

    . 29 : : ... : , 1998, .., .

  • 55

    ) .

    ) ,

    .

    )

    .

    ) ...

    .

    . ,

    ... ,

    ,

    .

    ) (

    ).

    ,

    .

    )

    .

    )

    (, ..) . ,

    ,

    . ,

    .

    . , ,

    .

    )

    . ,

    , ,

    . , ,

    .

  • 56

    ) ... .

    .

    ) .

    ,

    , ,

    ,

    .

    4.2. ...

    .

    H M..E.

    . ,

    . H

    .

    M..E.

    .

    . ,

    M..E.

    .

    , M..E.

    ,

    . M..E.

    . A

    M..E.

    .

    (, 2002, . 42 ):

    ) Y .

    ) O .

  • 57

    ) O M..E. .

    ) O M..E. . A

    ..

    X Y T A ....

    )

    .

    )

    .

    ) .

    )

    .

    )

    .

    )

    .

    ) .

    4.3. ...

    ,

    .

    . ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    . ,

    ,

    ..

    .

    1970

    . ,

    . 1980,

  • 58

    . ;

    , .

    .

    (, 1998, .

    158-15930).

    .

    . ,

    .

    (, 1998, . 16231).

    .

    ,

    .

    ,

    .

    , ,

    ,

    .

    , .

    ,

    , .

    ,

    ,

    ,

    ,

    .

    30 : , .. - . , . , 1998. 31 : , .. - . , . , 1998.

  • 59

    , .

    ,

    , , . ...

    . - -

    ,

    .

    4.4. ...

    ,

    .

    ... ,

    , , ,

    ..., ,

    . ,

    ...

    32:

    - ,

    - ,

    - .

    ...33,

    . ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    32 . 1.3. - 33 . 3.4. 3.5. ... (. 3010/2002 15393/2002)

  • 60

    . ...

    ( ., 1998, . 4534)

    .

    35,

    ....

    ,

    .

    , ...

    . ,

    ,

    . , ...

    , . ,

    ,

    ,

    .

    ... ,

    , .

    ,

    .

    ,

    .... ,

    ,

    . ,

    .

    , .

    34 : : ... : , 1998, .., . 35 . 1.3. -

  • 61

    ... . ,

    .

    ,

    .

    ... ,

    ,

    . ,

    ,

    . ,

    ,

    .

    ...,

    .

    -

    ,

    . , ... ,

    .

    ,

    .

    (, , 1994, . 47-4836) :

    1.

    2.

    3.

    .

    4.

    .

    36 : , , 1994.

  • 62

    ... , :

    -

    -

    ,

    .

    ... .

    37. :

    1.

    .

    2.

    .

    3. .

    4. ,

    .

    5.

    .

    6. -

    (Think globally Act locally).

    ...

    ;

    ,

    ;

    ...

    :

    )

    .

    ) ,

    ,

    (..

    )

    .

    37 . 2.1. .

  • 63

    ) ,

    .

    ,

    , 38. ...

    , .

    ,

    .

    ,

    . , ...

    .

    , ... ,

    . ,

    ,

    .

    38 . 2.3.

  • 64

    . (1994), , , , .

    , . , . ., (2001), , : ,

    , , ,

    .

    . (), (1995), , , .

    . (1998), , , .

    . . (2002), , , .

    . . (2003), , 2 , , .

    . (2001), , , , .

    , (1998), , : ,

    , : : ... ,

    , , . 26-33.

    , (1989), , ,

    .

    , (1996), , .

    . ., (1994), .

    , :

    , ,

    , , . 36-52.

    . (2002), , ,

    , , .

  • 65

    ., (1988), , .

    . ., (1999), , 2 , , ,

    , .

    ., (1998), : , :

    : ... ,

    , , . 53-57.

    ., (1999), , ,

    , , .

    . (2000), ,

    , , .

    ., (1994), , : ,

    , ,

    , . 16-22.

    . (1995), , : , , . 86-91.

    ., (1999), , : , ,

    , .

    ., (1990), , . , .

    . (1995), , : ,

    , .752 761.

    . (1998), , : , . -., . ,

    , . 73-85.

    ., , :

    http://www.aegean.gr/environment-postgraduate/

  • 66

    . (1998), , : , . -., . ,

    , . 115-175.

    . (1993), 69269/5387/1990, .

    , (1999), , 4, , .

    , (1999), , 5, , .

    . (1995), (), : ,

    , . 791-799.

    ., . ., (2003), , : Heleco 03, ,

    , , , . 549-557.

    27 1985

    (85/337/)

    97/11/ 3 1997 85/337/

    . 1650/86 (... 160/86) . 3010/2002 . 1650 97/11 .. 96/61 ..,

    .. 1180/81 (... 293/81) , ,

    ,

    .

    15393/2332/5-8-2002 3 . 1650/1986

    1 .3010/2002 . 1650

    97/11 .. 96/61 .., ..

  • 67

    ... 69269/6367/90 (... 678/80) , (...),

    (...)

    , . 1650/1986.

    ... 75308/5512/90 (... 681/80)

    ,

    2 5 . 1650/86.