: A

cces

sion

N

o.

Bro

gan,

J.

Α

.: L

ES

SO

NS

FR

OM

B

EN

JAM

IN

FR

AN

KL

IN,

AM

ER

ICA

S F

IRS

T G

RE

AT

TE

CH

NIC

AL

WR

ITE

R,

Info

rmat

ion

Syst

ems

and

Res

earc

h D

iv.,

Phil

co

Cor

p.,

Phil

adel

phia

, P

a.

IEEE

Tr

ans,

on

Engi

neer

ing

Writ

ing

and

Spee

ch,

vol

EW

S-8

, no

. 1,

Jim

19

65,

pp

3-7

Ben

jam

in

Fra

nkli

n w

as

not

a bo

rn

wri

ter;

he

ta

ught

hi

mse

lf

to

wri

te,

and

his

met

hod

may

be

us

ed

by

othe

rs

to

impr

ove

thei

r w

riti

ng.

Man

y ot

her

note

d w

rite

rs

have

re

com

­m

ende

d w

riti

ng

exer

cise

s si

mil

ar

to

Fran

klin

's,

but

the

incr

easi

ng

reco

gnit

ion

of

his

stan

d­in

g as

a

scie

ntis

t an

d sc

ient

ific

w

rite

r sh

ould

he

lp

to

reco

mm

end

his

part

icul

ar

tech

niqu

e to

to

day'

s te

chni

cal

and

scie

ntif

ic

wri

ters

. E

xam

ples

ar

e gi

ven,

ut

iliz

ing

a va

riet

y of

lit

erar

y-st

yles

, to

il

lust

rate

th

e ef

fect

iven

ess

of

Fran

klin

's

met

hod

in

impr

ovin

g th

e co

ncis

enes

s an

d re

adab

ilit

y of

tec

hnic

al

wri

ting

.

Wri

ting

ed

ucat

ion

Wri

ting

im

prov

emen

t L

iter

ary

imit

atio

n

Ben

jam

in

Fran

klin

St

yle !

Acc

essi

on

No.

Luf

kin,

J.

M

.: H

UM

AN

V

S.

MA

CH

INE

TR

AN

SL

AT

ION

O

F F

OR

EIG

N

LA

NG

UA

GE

S,

Hon

eyw

ell,

inc.

, M

inne

apol

is,

Min

n.

IEEE

Tr

ans,

on

Engi

neer

ing

Writ

ing

and

Spee

ch,

vol

EW

S-8,

do

. 1,

Jun

19

65,

pp

8-14

The

tr

ansl

atio

n of

te

chni

cal

subj

ect

mat

ter

dem

ands

an

ex

tens

ive

know

ledg

e of

bo

th

lan­

guag

es

and

a co

nsid

erab

le

acqu

aint

ance

w

ith

the

subj

ect.

A

com

pute

r sy

stem

to

gi

ve

high

-qu

alit

y tr

ansl

atio

ns

of

seri

ous

subj

ects

, sp

oken

or

w

ritt

en,

wou

ld

be m

ost

usef

ul,

but

neit

her

the

cere

bral

lo

gic

nor

the

sem

anti

c st

ruct

ure

of

lang

uage

its

elf

is

yet

unde

rsto

od.

The

m

emor

y st

orag

e re

quir

ed

for

the

task

m

ay

not

be

a se

riou

s ob

stac

le,

but

the

ling

uist

ic

task

of

qu

anti

fyin

g th

e ef

fect

s of

sy

ntax

an

d co

ntex

t up

on

mea

ning

m

ay

be

insu

rmou

ntab

le.

Mac

hine

tr

ansl

atio

ns

Lin

guis

tics

C

ompu

ter

uses

L

angu

ages

Sem

anti

cs

Synt

ax

Mor

phol

ogy

Gra

mm

ar

Acc

essi

on

No.

D'A

prix

, R

. M

.: Q

UA

LIT

Y

CO

NT

RO

L F

OR

EN

GIN

EE

RIN

G

AU

TH

OR

SH

IP,

Con

soli

­da

ted

Vac

uum

C

orp.

, R

oche

ster

, Ν

. Y

.; re

prin

ted

from

M

achi

ne

Des

ign,

Se

ptem

ber

10,

1964

, by

pe

rmis

sion

of

T

he

Pent

on

Publ

ishi

ng

Com

pany

, C

leve

land

, O

hio.

IE

EE

Tran

s, on

En

gine

erin

g W

riiin

g an

d Sp

eech

, vo

l E

WS-

8, n

o.

I, Ju

n 19

65,

pp

15-1

7

Ass

ista

nce

and

guid

ance

to

th

e en

gine

erin

g au

thor

sh

ould

be

pr

ovid

ed

by

his

firm

th

roug

h a

wel

l-or

gani

zed

prof

essi

onal

pa

pers

ro

utin

e ad

min

iste

red

bv

a gr

oup

whi

ch

revi

ews

pape

rs,

secu

res

appr

oval

s fo

r pu

blic

atio

n,

and

advi

ses

the

auth

or

on

both

th

e te

chni

cal

and

lite

rary

-gr

aphi

cs

aspe

cts

of

pres

enta

tion

or

pu

blic

atio

n.

Such

a

prog

ram

ca

n pa

y of

f in

be

tter

ta

lks

and

pape

rs,

resu

ltin

g in

goo

d pu

blic

ity

for

the

firm

as

wel

l as

pro

vidi

ng

an

ince

ntiv

e fo

r po

­te

ntia

l au

thor

s.

Publ

icat

ions

qua

lity

con

trol

T

alks

and

pa

pers

Pr

ofes

sion

al

pape

rs

Org

aniz

atio

n an

d m

anag

emen

t A

utho

r as

sist

ance

Acc

essi

on

No.

reni

ent,

W.

Α.:

HE

RE

'S

HO

W

TO

T

UR

N

YO

UR

EN

GIN

EE

RS

INT

O

AU

TH

OR

S,

Gen

eral

E

lect

ric

Co.

, D

ayto

na

Bea

ch,

FJa.

IE

EE

Tran

s, on

En

gine

erin

g W

ritin

g an

d Sp

eech

, vo

l E

WS-

8, n

o.

1, J

un

1965

, pp

27

-29

Thi

s pa

per

desc

ribe

s a

cour

se

devi

sed

to

assi

st

engi

neer

s in

w

riti

ng

for

publ

icat

ion.

It

was

de

velo

ped

by

the

auth

or

afte

r st

udyi

ng

the

atti

tude

s th

at

dete

r m

any

engi

neer

s fr

om

wri

ting

. T

he

cour

se,

desi

gned

to

ove

rcom

e th

ese

nega

tive

at

titu

des,

ha

s be

en

succ

essf

ul

as

evid

ence

d by

th

e fa

ct

that

m

ore

than

50

per

ce

nt o

f th

e fir

st ei

ght

wee

k cl

ass

has

had

arti

cles

ac

cept

ed

by

publ

icat

ions

.

Wri

ting

ar

ticl

es

Plac

ing

arti

cles

O

utli

nes

and

abst

ract

s

Edi

tor

eval

uati

on

Wri

ting

w

orks

hops

Information Retrieval Catalog Cards 41

Acc

essi

on

No.

Mil

ler,

N

.:

TH

E E

NG

INE

ER

ING

W

RIT

ER

C

IRC

A

'70:

A

N

EX

TR

AP

OL

AT

ION

, N

orth

A

mer

ican

A

viat

ion/

Aut

onet

ics,

A

nahe

im,

Cal

if.

IEEE

Tr

ans,

on

Engi

neer

ing

Writ

ing

and

Spee

ch,

vol

EW

S-8

, no

. 1,

Jun

19

65,

pp

30-3

3

For

mul

as

for

engi

neer

ing

wri

ting

de

velo

ped

sinc

e W

orld

W

ar

II

are

exam

ined

. It

is

sh

own

that

th

ese

can

be

seen

as

"i

niti

al

cond

itio

ns"

for

a se

t of

"c

urve

s"

that

ca

n be

"e

xtra

p­ol

ated

" to

in

dica

te

a tr

end

tow

ard

auto

mat

ion.

A

pl

an

is

pres

ente

d fo

r th

e co

nver

sion

of

to

day'

s se

mi-

auto

mat

ed

engi

neer

ing

wri

ters

in

to

the

"wri

ter-

prog

ram

mer

s"

requ

ired

fo

r th

e 19

70-a

nd-b

eyon

d ti

me

fram

e.

Eng

inee

ring

wri

ting

Sp

ace

of

Kno

wle

dge

Aut

omat

ion

Sub

tend

ed

Ang

le

conc

ept

IMP

AC

T Fl

esch

R

eada

bili

ty

For

mul

a A

utom

atic

In

form

atio

n R

etri

eval

G

unni

ng

Fog

T

est

I A

cces

sion

N

o.

Sond

el,

Dr.

B

ess:

O

PE

RA

TIO

NS

RE

SE

AR

CH

: A

T

WO

-ST

AT

E S

EM

AN

TIC

P

RO

CE

SS

, Il

lino

is I

nsti

tute

of

Tec

hnol

ogy,

Chi

cago

, 11

1.

IEEE

Tr

ans,

on

Engi

neer

ing

Writ

ing

and

Spee

ch,

vol

EW

S-8

, no

. 1,

Jun

19

65,

pp

34-3

5

Ope

rati

ons

Res

earc

h is

, fir

st,

a li

ngui

stic

de

cisi

on-m

akin

g pr

oces

s,

and,

se

cond

, a

ling

uist

ic

oper

atio

nal

proc

ess.

1

a)

The

fir

st

step

in

th

e de

cisi

on-m

akin

g pr

oces

s is

the

an

alys

is

of

the

prob

lem

atic

al

stat

e of

af

fair

s.

To

anal

yze

the

unde

sira

ble

stat

us

quo,

it

is n

eces

sary

to

un

­de

rsta

nd

how

it

got

that

w

ay.

The

an

alys

is

take

s th

e fo

rm,

ther

efor

e,

of

a ca

usal

re

lati

on­

ship

: bo

na

fide

in

the

exac

t sc

ienc

es,

impu

ted

in

the

beha

vior

al

scie

nces

. 1

b)

The

ne

xt

step

in

th

e de

cisi

on-m

akin

g pr

oces

s is

th

e de

velo

pmen

t of

a

mea

ns-e

nd

hypo

thes

is

that

is

ca

lcul

ated

to

re

ach

a go

al-s

tate

. W

here

hu

man

be

ings

ar

e in

volv

ed,

the

mea

ns-e

nd

hy­

poth

esis

ca

nnot

be

ve

rifi

ed

eith

er

befo

re

or

afte

r th

e fa

ct.

2)

The

us

e of

w

ords

by

w

hich

to

ef

fect

op

erat

ions

th

at

are

calc

ulat

ed

to

reac

h a

goal

-sta

te

may

be

re

ferr

ed

to

as

a fe

ed­

back

lo

op

that

cr

eate

s an

d co

ntro

ls c

hang

e in

the

int

eres

t of

a

pred

eter

min

ed

purp

ose.

If

O

pera

tion

s R

esea

rch

is a

re

fine

d de

cisi

on-m

akin

g pr

oces

s,

and,

if

the

oper

atio

nal

pro­

cess

res

ts

on

a li

ngui

stic

m

odel

, O

pera

tion

s R

esea

rch

shou

ld

prov

ide

buil

t-in

co

rrec

tive

m

ea­

sure

s to

inv

est

perf

orm

ance

w

ith

unce

rtai

nty

tole

ranc

e.

Ope

rati

ons

rese

arch

D

ecis

ion-

mak

ing

Fee

dbac

k lo

op

Unc

erta

inty

to

lera

nce

Sem

anti

cs

Acc

essi

on

No.

IEE

E A

bbre

viat

ions

S

ubco

mm

itte

e:

SY

MB

OL

S L

OR

U

NIT

S,

IEE

E S

TA

ND

AR

D

NO

. 26

0, e

ffec

tive

Ja

nuar

y 15

, 19

65.

IEEE

Tr

ans,

on

Engi

neer

ing

Writ

ing

and

Spee

ch,

vol

EW

S-8

, no

. 1,

Jun

19

65,

pp

18-2

6

Thi

s S

tand

ard,

al

so

avai

labl

e fr

om

the

IEE

E O

rder

D

epar

tmen

t (3

45

Eas

t 47

th

Stre

et,

New

Y

ork,

Ν

. Y

., 10

017,

$3

.00,

$1

.00

for

mem

bers

) li

sts

abbr

evia

tion

s fo

r un

its

and

is

to

be

used

fo

r al

l JE

FF

: pu

blic

atio

ns.

Thi

s S

tand

ard

conf

orm

s in

ne

arly

al

l re

spec

ts

wit

h th

e re

com

men

dati

ons

of

the

Inte

rnat

iona

l O

rgan

izat

ion

for

Stan

dard

izat

ion

(ISO

) an

d w

ith

the

curr

ent

wor

k of

th

e In

tern

atio

nal

Ele

ctro

tech

nica

l C

omm

issi

on

(IE

C).

Sy

mb

ols

U

nit

s A

bbre

viat

ions

Sta

nd

ard

s In

tern

atio

nal

st

and

ard

s

Information Retrieval Catalog Cards 43