1

Joel 2-3

(2:23)

,rejoice” under BDB 162a. Arb jāla “go around or about, be excited to levity“ = גילand so on”.

I = “(early) rain” under BDB 435b. Very rare.1 מורה

.rain, shower” under BDB 177b“ = גשם

latter-rain, spring-rain” (showers of March-April) under BDB 545a. Root“ = מלקוש.”be late, make or do late“ = לקש

2מורה

3בראשון

(2:24)

,threshing-floor” under BDB 175a. Vulgar Arb jurnu(n) “stone basin, trough“ = גרןmortar”.

= ברר III = “grain, corn” under BDB 141a. Arb burru(n) “grain of wheat”. Root בר“purify, select”.

.”II = (probably) “be abundant”, Hiphil “overflow”. Akk šâqu “abundance שוקVery rare.

.wine-vat, wine-press” under BDB 428b“ = יקב

take possession“ = ירש must, fresh or new wine” under BDB 440b. Root“ = תירושof, inherit, dispossess”.

,appear, mount“ = צהר fresh oil” (newly appeared) under BDB 844a. Root“ = יצהרback, shine”.

1 “Septuagint (Syriac) τα βρωματα. SeptuagintL omits τα”.2 “Many manuscripts יורה”.3 “Probably read with manuscript, Septuagint, Syriac, Vulgate כראשון”.

2

(2:25)

.Piel “complete, finish; restore, recompense” under BDB 1022a = שלם

רבה a kind of locust” under BDB 916a. Akk âribu “locust swarm”. Root“ = ארבה= “be or become much, many, great”.

tick, hasten” (meaning“ = ילק a kind of locust" under BDB 410b. Root" = ילקdubious).

.”finish off, consume“ = חסל a kind of locust” under BDB 340b. Root“ = חסיל

.locusts (collective)” under BDB 160a. Very rare“ = גזם

חול חיל strength, efficiency, wealth, army” under BDB 298b. Root“ = חיל = “be firm, strong”.

(2:26)

?Note syntax. Two infinitives absolute after a finite verb – אכול ושבוע

.Niphal “be extraordinary, wonderful” under BDB 810a = פלא

Arm .בוס be ashamed”, Polel “delay (in shame)” under BDB 101b. Sab“ = בוש.”Arb bāt “disperse .בהת

4ולא יבשו עמי לעולם

(2:27)

?where else do we see this? Ezekiel ידע Emphasis on – וידעתם כי בקרב ישראל אני

.Why the repetition? See verse 26 – ולא יבשו עמי לעולם

(3:1) (= English 2:28)

.pour, pour out” under BDB 1049b“ = שפך

.flesh” under BDB 142a“ = בשר4 “Delete? Compare 2:27b”. Yeah.

3

Niphal “prophesy” under BDB 612a. Not a common verb but very = נבאimportant. Learn it now.

.dream” under BDB 321b“ = חלום

3־ן dream” under BDB 321a. Wait what is with the“ חלם mp ending? Like Deuteronomy?

.young man” under BDB 104b“ = בחור

.”see, behold“ = חזה vision” under BDB 303a. Root“ = חזיון

(3:2) (= 2:29)

(?”originally “concubine) (אמה synonymous with) ”maid, maid-servant“ = שפחהunder BDB 1046b. Root שפח = “pour, pour out, release semen?”.

(3:3) (= 2:30)

,calamity, wonder“ = אפת wonder, sign, portent” under BDB 68b. Root“ = מופתportent”.

.column (spreading at top)” under BDB 1071b. Very rare (palm like)“ = תימרהRoot תמר = “be erect, stiff, column, date palm”.

.smoke” under BDB 798b“ = עשן

(3:4) (= 2:31)

.turn, overturn” under BDB 245a“ = הפך

Boom. Big and important concept in Hebrew Bible. First shows up in – יום יהוהAmos…

(3:5) (= 2:32)

5ובירושלם

5 “Tr ad bγ? compare b”.

4

.Piel “let slip or escape; deliver” under BDB 572a = מלט

.”escape“ = פלט escape" under BDB 812b. Root" = פליטה

escape”.6“ = שרד survivor (from a defeat)” under BDB 975a. Root“ = שריד

6 “Propose ובירושלם שרידים compare a”. I do not fully understand this but the Masoretic Text as is creates some interpretive problems. James Limberg (Interpretation commentary) likes this solution. Which is…?