the bittersweet truth about chocolate

NAME & STRUCTURE

Names: Xantheous, 3,7-

dimethlyxanthine

Chemical formula: C7H8N4O2

Class: Methlyxanthine

NAME & STRUCTURE

NAME & STRUCTURE

NATURAL SOURCES

PURINES

NAME

Θεος + βρῶμα

God + Food

HISTORY

Alexander Woskresensky first

discovered theobromine in cacao

plants.

Hermann Emil Fischer was the

first to synthesize theobromine.

Fischer

SYNTHESISAdenosine monophosphate (AMP) ester of phosphoric acid and nucleoside

adensosine

Deanimationremoval of an amine group

Inosinic acid also known as IMP

IMP dehydrogeneaseenzyme added to IMP to conert it to xanthosine

monophosphate (XMP)

Xanthine purine base

Purineheterocyclic aromatic organic compound

Synthesized by Japanese scientists

PROPERTIES

TOXICITY

AnimalOral toxicity (mg/kg)

TDLo LD50

Cat 200

Dog 16 300

Human 26 ~1,000

Mouse 837

Rat 1,265

EFFECTS ON SOCIETYPAST

Used in the treatment of

• Edema

• Syphilitic angina attacks

• Degenerative angina -

obstruction

EFFECTS ON SOCIETYPRESENT

Uses in today’s society

• asthma

• high blood pressure

• vasodilator

• diuretic

• heart stimulator

• antitussive

• over-the-counter nutritional

supplements

• weight-loss products

• soft drinks

EFFECTS ON SOCIETY

0

5

10

15

20

25

Cocoa Cocao Cereals Chocolate

Bakery

Products

Chocolate

Toppings

Cocao

Beverages

Chocolate Ice

Creams

Mea

n th

eobr

omin

eco

nten

t rat

io (1

0−3 )

Items

Mean Theobromine Contents of Different Products

EFFECTS ON SOCIETY

EFFECTS ON SOCIETYFUTURE

EFFECTS ON SOCIETYFUTURE