Thefingerprintofastar:Sirius= CMa - AIP · 2018. 5. 18. · Fe I 4170.901 Ti II 4171.904 Fe I...
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The fingerprint of a star: Sirius = α CMa Alpha Canis Majoris (α CMa = 9 CMa = HD 48915), beƩer known as Sirius, is the brightest star in the Earth’s night sky. Observing it with an 11.8m telescope like the LBT is a real challenge. What the naked eye perceives as a single star is in fact a binary system, consisƟng of a main-sequence star of spectral type A0 or A1, termed Sirius A, and a faint white dwarf companion of spectral type DA2, called Sirius B. At a distance of 2.6 parsecs (8.6 light years), the Sirius system is one of Sun’s near neighbors. Sirius A is about twice as massive as the Sun and is 25 Ɵmes more luminous than the Sun. The system is between 200 and 300 million years old. Sirius A is classed as an Am star because the spectrum shows deep metallic absorpƟon lines, indicaƟng an enhancement in elements heavier than helium, such as iron which is 316 % as abundant as in the Sun’s atmosphere. The spectrum would be classified as A1 from hydrogen and helium lines, but A0 from the metallic lines that cause it to be grouped with the Am stars. This poster shows the opƟcal spectrum of Sirius A obtained with the Potsdam Echelle Polarimetric and Spectro- scopic Instrument (PEPSI) of the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT). It plots the normalized intensity as a funcƟon of wavelength λ in Angströms (1 Å = 0.1 nm) from the top leŌ corner to the boƩom right corner. The PEPSI spectrum covers the wavelengths between 3820 Å (top leŌ) and 9130 Å (boƩom right) with an average spectral resoluƟon of R = λ/∆λ = 220,000 or approximately 1.4 km/s. Its average dispersion is 0.012 Å/pixel. IntegraƟon Ɵme with the LBT was 1 sec and consists of a single exposure in all six cross dispersers. The signal-to-noise raƟo (S/N) of the spectrum peaks at 800:1 at 4000 Å and has a low of 450:1 near 8000 Å. The exposure was obtained on October 16, 2016. A subset of spectral absorpƟon lines is idenƟfied in the graphics and marked with dashes beneath the spectrum. The annotaƟon indicates the chemical element (e.g., Fe for iron), the ionizaƟon state (I for a neutral line, II for an ionized line), and the wavelength in Angström. Note that the annotaƟon text appears darker the stronger the line. The line idenƟficaƟons and the wavelengths were taken from the Vienna Atomic Line Database. The original spectrum has been published in Astronomy & Astrophysics (Strassmeier, K. G., Ilyin, I., & Weber, M. 2018, A&A; see hƩps://pepsi.aip.de/). Copyright: K. G. Strassmeier, AIP
Transcript of Thefingerprintofastar:Sirius= CMa - AIP · 2018. 5. 18. · Fe I 4170.901 Ti II 4171.904 Fe I...
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The fingerprint of a star: Sirius = α CMaAlpha Canis Majoris (α CMa = 9 CMa = HD 48915), be er known as Sirius, is the brightest star in the Earth’s nightsky. Observing it with an 11.8m telescope like the LBT is a real challenge. What the naked eye perceives as a singlestar is in fact a binary system, consis ng of a main-sequence star of spectral type A0 or A1, termed Sirius A, and afaint white dwarf companion of spectral type DA2, called Sirius B. At a distance of 2.6 parsecs (8.6 light years), theSirius system is one of Sun’s near neighbors. Sirius A is about twice as massive as the Sun and is 25 mes moreluminous than the Sun. The system is between 200 and 300 million years old. Sirius A is classed as an Am starbecause the spectrum shows deepmetallic absorp on lines, indica ng an enhancement in elements heavier thanhelium, such as iron which is 316 % as abundant as in the Sun’s atmosphere. The spectrum would be classified as
A1 from hydrogen and helium lines, but A0 from the metallic lines that cause it to be grouped with the Am stars.This poster shows the op cal spectrum of Sirius A obtained with the Potsdam Echelle Polarimetric and Spectro-scopic Instrument (PEPSI) of the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT). It plots the normalized intensity as a func on ofwavelength λ in Angströms (1 Å = 0.1 nm) from the top le corner to the bo om right corner. The PEPSI spectrumcovers the wavelengths between 3820 Å (top le ) and 9130 Å (bo om right) with an average spectral resolu onof R = λ/∆λ = 220,000 or approximately 1.4 km/s. Its average dispersion is 0.012 Å/pixel. Integra on me withthe LBT was 1 sec and consists of a single exposure in all six cross dispersers. The signal-to-noise ra o (S/N) of thespectrum peaks at 800:1 at 4000 Å and has a low of 450:1 near 8000 Å. The exposure was obtained on October
16, 2016. A subset of spectral absorp on lines is iden fied in the graphics and marked with dashes beneath thespectrum. The annota on indicates the chemical element (e.g., Fe for iron), the ioniza on state (I for a neutralline, II for an ionized line), and the wavelength in Angström. Note that the annota on text appears darker thestronger the line. The line iden fica ons and the wavelengths were taken from the Vienna Atomic Line Database.The original spectrum has been published in Astronomy & Astrophysics (Strassmeier, K. G., Ilyin, I., & Weber, M.2018, A&A; see h ps://pepsi.aip.de/).
3830 3840 3850 3860 3870 3880 3890 3900
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
Fe I
3821
.177
Fe I
3821
.834
Fe II
382
1.92
3
Mn
I 382
3.51
0
Fe I
3824
.303
Fe I
3824
.443
Fe II
382
4.92
0
Fe I
3825
.881
Fe II
382
7.08
5
Fe I
3827
.571
Fe I
3827
.822
Mg
I 382
9.35
5Fe
I 38
29.4
52
Mg
I 383
1.67
6
Mg
I 383
2.30
4
Y II
3832
.891
Fe I
3833
.308
Fe I
3834
.222
Fe II
383
4.81
0
H I 3
835.
384
Ti II
383
6.08
3
Fe I
3836
.330
Zr II
383
6.76
1
Mg
I 383
8.29
2
Fe I
3839
.256
Fe I
3839
.627
Fe I
3840
.437
Fe I
3841
.048
Sc II
384
3.05
0
Fe I
3843
.256
Mg
I 384
3.69
8
Mn
II 38
44.1
61
Fe II
384
4.79
4
Fe II
384
5.18
3
Co I
3845
.468
S I 3
846.
024
Fe I
3846
.409
Fe I
3846
.800
V II
3847
.339
Mg
II 38
48.2
11M
g II
3848
.341
Ni II
384
9.55
4
Fe I
3849
.966
Mg
II 38
50.3
86
S I 3
850.
691
Fe I
3850
.818
Fe I
3852
.572
Si II
385
3.66
4
Fe I
3854
.366
Si II
385
6.01
7
Fe I
3856
.371
Ni I
3858
.297
Mg
I 385
8.86
0
Fe I
3859
.212
Fe I
3859
.911
Fe I
3861
.332
Si II
386
2.59
5
V II
3863
.785
Fe II
386
3.95
2
Fe I
3865
.523
Cr II
386
6.52
3
V II
3866
.722
Fe I
3867
.216
Fe I
3869
.558
Fe I
3871
.748
Fe I
3872
.501
Fe II
387
2.75
9
Fe I
3873
.760
Fe I
3878
.018
Mg
I 387
8.30
6
Fe I
3878
.573
V II
3878
.707
Ti II
388
2.28
7
Fe I
3883
.280
Fe I
3884
.358
Fe I
3885
.510
Fe I
3886
.282
Fe I
3887
.048
Fe I
3888
.513
He I
3888
.649
Fe I
3888
.821
H I 3
889.
048
Ni I
3889
.666
Mg
I 389
0.24
1
Fe I
3890
.840
Mg
I 389
1.90
6
Mg
I 389
3.30
4Fe
I 38
93.3
90
Fe I
3894
.011
Mg
I 389
5.57
2Fe
I 38
95.6
56
V II
3896
.138
Fe I
3897
.448
Fe I
3897
.889
Fe I
3898
.009
Mg
I 389
8.12
0
Fe II
389
8.59
4
V II
3899
.128
Fe I
3899
.707
S I 3
899.
862
Ti II
390
0.53
9Al
II 3
900.
675
Fe I
3902
.945
V II
3903
.253
Fe II
390
3.75
1M
g I 3
903.
859
S I 3
904.
660
3910 3920 3930 3940 3950 3960 3970 3980 3990
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
Si I
3905
.523
Cr II
390
5.64
4
Fe II
390
6.03
5
Fe I
3906
.479
Fe I
3906
.747
Fe I
3907
.934
Fe I
3909
.829
Ti II
391
3.46
1
Fe I
3913
.631
Ti II
391
4.18
3V
II 39
14.3
18
Fe II
391
4.50
7
V II
3916
.405
Fe I
3916
.731
Fe I
3917
.180
Fe I
3918
.315
Fe I
3918
.415
Fe II
391
8.52
4Fe
I 39
18.6
42
Fe I
3919
.065
Fe I
3920
.257
Fe II
392
0.62
7
Fe I
3921
.053
Fe I
3922
.911
Fe I
3925
.643
Fe I
3925
.941
Fe I
3927
.919
Fe I
3928
.083
Fe I
3930
.296
Ti II
393
2.00
9
Fe I
3932
.627
Ca II
393
3.66
4
Fe I
3935
.812
Fe II
393
5.96
1
Fe II
393
8.29
3M
g I 3
938.
400
Fe II
393
8.96
6
Fe I
3941
.275
C I 3
942.
223
Fe I
3942
.440
Fe I
3942
.784
Al I
3944
.006
Fe I
3945
.117
Fe II
394
5.21
1
Fe I
3946
.994
O I 3
947.
295
O I 3
947.
481
O I 3
947.
586
Fe I
3948
.097
Fe I
3948
.775
Fe I
3949
.952
Y II
3950
.349
Fe I
3951
.163
V II
3951
.957
Fe I
3952
.601
Fe I
3953
.151
Fe I
3955
.341
Fe I
3956
.455
Fe I
3956
.676
Fe I
3957
.018
Zr II
395
8.22
0
Fe II
396
0.91
0
C I 3
961.
403
Al I
3961
.520
Fe I
3963
.100
Cr I
3963
.684
He I
3964
.729
Fe I
3965
.915
Fe I
3966
.061
Fe I
3966
.499
Fe I
3966
.628
Fe I
3967
.421
Fe I
3967
.961
V II
3968
.088
Ca II
396
8.46
9
Fe I
3969
.257
Fe II
396
9.39
9
Cr I
3969
.743
H I 3
970.
072
Fe I
3970
.261
Fe I
3970
.389
Fe I
3971
.322
V II
3973
.628
Fe II
397
4.16
1
Fe II
397
5.01
8
Fe I
3976
.613
Fe I
3977
.741
Cr II
397
9.50
5
Fe I
3981
.771
Ti II
398
1.99
1
Y II
3982
.592
Fe I
3983
.956
Fe I
3985
.387
Fe I
3986
.171
Mg
I 398
6.75
3
Ti II
398
7.60
6
Zr II
399
1.12
7
4000 4010 4020 4030 4040 4050 4060 4070
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Fe I
3995
.861
Fe I
3996
.963
V II
3997
.110
Fe I
3997
.392
Fe I
3998
.052
Zr II
399
8.96
5
Fe II
400
2.54
0
V II
4002
.928
Cr II
400
3.28
3
Fe II
400
4.15
6
Fe I
4005
.241
V II
4005
.702
Fe I
4006
.311
Fe I
4007
.272
Fe I
4009
.712
C I 4
009.
930
Ti II
401
2.38
4Cr
II 4
012.
496
Fe I
4014
.530
Ni II
401
5.47
4Fe
I 40
15.6
05
Fe I
4017
.148
Fe I
4017
.463
Fe I
4021
.866
V II
4023
.377
Fe II
402
4.55
0
Fe I
4024
.725
Ti II
402
5.12
9
Fe I
4025
.818
He I
4026
.187
Ti II
402
8.33
8
C I 4
029.
414
Fe I
4030
.488
Mn
I 403
0.75
0
Fe II
403
1.44
5
Fe I
4031
.960
Fe I
4032
.454
Fe II
403
2.94
0M
n I 4
033.
060
Mn
I 403
4.48
0
V II
4035
.620
Cr II
403
7.97
2
Mn
I 404
1.35
0
Fe I
4043
.897
Fe II
404
4.01
0
Fe I
4044
.609
Fe I
4045
.593
Fe I
4045
.812
Fe II
404
8.83
1
Cr II
404
9.09
7
Cr II
405
1.93
0
Fe I
4052
.497
Ti II
405
3.82
1
Cr II
405
4.07
6
Fe I
4054
.805
Mg
I 405
7.50
5
Fe I
4058
.217
Fe I
4062
.441
Fe I
4063
.276
Fe I
4063
.594
C I 4
064.
269
Ti II
406
4.36
0
C I 4
065.
244
Ni II
406
7.03
1
Fe I
4067
.271
Fe I
4067
.978
Fe I
4070
.770
Fe I
4071
.738
Cr II
407
2.56
1
Fe I
4073
.762
Fe I
4074
.786
Si II
407
5.45
2
Fe I
4076
.629
Si II
407
6.78
0
Cr II
407
7.51
1
Sr II
407
7.70
9
Fe I
4078
.353
4080 4090 4100 4110 4120 4130 4140 4150 4160
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
Fe I
4084
.492
Fe I
4085
.004
Fe I
4085
.303
Fe I
4095
.970
Ca II
409
7.09
8
Fe II
409
7.49
3
Fe I
4098
.175
Cr II
409
8.40
5
H I 4
101.
734
Fe I
4104
.113
Fe I
4107
.488
Ca II
410
9.81
5N
I 410
9.94
9
Cr II
411
0.99
0
Fe II
411
1.87
6
Fe I
4112
.958
Cr II
411
3.21
2
Fe I
4114
.445
Fe I
4118
.544
Fe II
411
9.51
9
Fe II
412
2.65
9
Fe II
412
4.78
3
Fe I
4126
.183
Fe I
4127
.608
Si II
412
8.05
4
Fe II
412
8.73
9
Ti II
412
9.16
1
Si II
413
0.89
4
Fe I
4132
.058
Cr II
413
2.41
8
Fe I
4132
.899
Fe I
4134
.677
Fe I
4136
.998
Fe II
413
8.39
8
Fe I
4143
.414
Fe I
4143
.868
Cr II
414
5.78
0
C I 4
146.
269
Fe I
4147
.669
Zr II
414
9.19
8
Fe I
4149
.365
Fe I
4153
.899
Fe I
4154
.498
Fe I
4154
.805
Fe I
4156
.799
Fe I
4157
.779
Fe I
4158
.792
Ti II
416
1.52
9
Ti II
416
3.64
4
Mg
I 416
7.27
1
4170 4180 4190 4200 4210 4220 4230 4240 4250
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Fe I
4170
.901
Ti II
417
1.90
4
Fe I
4172
.122
Fe II
417
3.45
1
Ti II
417
4.07
2
Mn
II 41
74.3
18
Fe I
4175
.636
Fe I
4176
.565
Y II
4177
.530
Fe II
417
7.68
6
Fe II
417
8.85
4
Fe I
4179
.041
Cr II
417
9.42
1
Fe I
4181
.754
Fe I
4182
.382
V II
4183
.428
Ti II
418
4.31
2
Fe I
4184
.891
Fe I
4187
.038
Fe I
4187
.795
Fe I
4188
.731
Fe I
4191
.430
Fe I
4195
.329
Fe I
4196
.208
Fe I
4198
.304
Fe I
4198
.634
Fe I
4199
.095
Fe I
4200
.924
Fe I
4202
.029
Fe I
4203
.984
V II
4205
.084
Mn
II 42
05.3
81
Fe I
4210
.343
Fe I
4213
.647
Sr II
421
5.51
9
Cr II
421
7.05
6
Fe I
4217
.545
Fe I
4219
.359
Ca II
422
0.07
1
Fe I
4222
.213
Fe I
4224
.171
Cr II
422
4.86
0
Fe I
4225
.454
Ca I
4226
.728
Ti II
422
7.33
4Fe
I 42
27.4
26
C I 4
228.
326
Fe II
423
3.16
2
Fe I
4233
.602
Fe I
4235
.936
Fe I
4238
.023
Fe I
4238
.810
Cr II
424
2.36
4
Mg
II 42
42.5
42
Fe I
4245
.257
Sc II
424
6.82
2
Fe I
4247
.425
Fe I
4250
.119
Fe II
425
0.42
5
Fe I
4250
.786
Cr II
425
2.63
2
Cr I
4254
.352
Cr II
425
4.52
2
Fe II
425
8.14
8
Fe II
425
8.32
8
4260 4270 4280 4290 4300 4310 4320 4330 4340 4350
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Mn
II 42
59.2
00
Fe I
4260
.474
Cr II
426
1.91
3
Fe II
426
3.86
1
Fe I
4267
.826
C I 4
269.
019
Cr II
426
9.27
7
Fe I
4271
.153
Fe I
4271
.760
Fe II
427
3.32
0
Cr I
4274
.812
Cr II
427
5.56
7
Fe II
427
8.15
1
Fe I
4282
.403
Ca I
4283
.011
Cr II
428
4.18
8
Fe II
428
6.27
1
Ti II
428
7.87
3
Ca I
4289
.367
Cr I
4289
.730
Ti II
429
0.21
5Ti
II 4
290.
348
Ti II
429
4.09
4
Sc II
429
4.76
7
Fe II
429
6.56
6
Ca I
4298
.988
Fe I
4299
.234
Ti II
430
0.04
2
Ti II
430
1.92
2
Ca I
4302
.528
Fe II
430
3.17
0
Sr II
430
5.44
3
Sc II
430
5.71
4
Ca I
4307
.744
Fe I
4307
.902
Fe I
4309
.374
Ti II
431
2.86
0Fe
II 4
312.
980
Sc II
431
4.08
3
Fe II
431
4.30
2
Ti II
431
4.97
1Fe
I 43
15.0
84
Ti II
431
6.79
4
Ca I
4318
.652
Fe II
431
9.67
3
Sc II
432
0.73
2
Ti II
432
0.95
0
Sc II
432
4.99
6
Fe II
432
5.43
2Fe
II 4
325.
534
Fe I
4325
.761
Mn
II 43
26.6
39
Fe I
4327
.095
Ti II
433
0.23
8
Ti II
433
0.69
8
Mg
II 43
31.9
53
Fe I
4337
.045
Ti II
433
7.91
4
Fe II
433
8.69
6
H I 4
340.
462
Ti II
434
1.35
6
C I 4
341.
647
Fe II
434
3.27
3
Mn
II 43
43.9
81
Ti II
434
4.28
1
4360 4370 4380 4390 4400 4410 4420 4430 4440
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
Ti II
435
0.83
8
Fe II
435
1.76
2M
g I 4
351.
906
Fe I
4352
.734
Fe II
435
4.33
3
C I 4
355.
406
Fe II
435
7.57
3
Fe II
436
1.25
2
Ni II
436
2.09
9
Ti II
436
7.65
2
O I 4
368.
242
Fe II
436
9.40
0
Fe I
4369
.772
C I 4
371.
367
Sc II
437
4.45
7
Ti II
437
4.81
6Y
II 43
74.9
33
Fe I
4383
.544
Fe II
438
4.31
3
Mg
II 43
84.6
37
Fe II
438
5.37
7
Ti II
438
6.84
6
Fe I
4388
.407
Mg
II 43
90.5
72
Ti II
439
1.02
6
Ti II
439
4.05
9
Ti II
439
5.03
1
Ti II
439
5.83
9
Ti II
439
9.76
5
Sc II
440
0.38
9
Ni I
4401
.541
Fe I
4404
.750
Ti II
440
9.51
8
Ti II
441
1.07
3
Fe II
441
3.59
1
Fe I
4415
.122
Sc II
441
5.55
7
Fe II
441
6.81
9
Ti II
441
7.71
4
Ti II
441
8.33
1
Ti II
442
1.93
8
Fe I
4422
.568
Ca I
4425
.437
Fe I
4427
.309
Mg
II 44
27.9
94
Fe I
4433
.218
Mg
II 44
33.9
88
Ca I
4434
.957
Ca I
4435
.679
Mg
II 44
36.4
91M
g II
4436
.593
Ti II
444
1.72
9
Fe I
4442
.339
Fe I
4443
.194
Ti II
444
3.80
1
Ti II
444
4.55
4
4450 4460 4470 4480 4490 4500 4510 4520 4530 4540
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
Fe I
4447
.717
Ti II
445
0.48
2
Fe II
445
1.54
1
Fe I
4454
.381
Ca I
4454
.779
Fe II
445
5.26
1
Ca I
4455
.887
Fe I
4459
.117
Fe II
446
1.42
9
Fe II
446
1.70
6
Ti II
446
4.44
9
Fe I
4466
.551
Ti II
446
8.49
3
Ti II
446
9.15
1
Fe I
4469
.375
Ti II
447
0.85
3
He I
4471
.473
Fe II
447
2.92
3
Fe I
4476
.075
Mg
II 44
81.1
26
Mg
II 44
81.3
25
Fe I
4482
.252
Fe I
4484
.220
Ti II
448
8.32
4
Fe II
448
9.17
6
Fe II
449
1.39
7
Fe I
4494
.563
Fe II
449
9.68
4
Ti II
450
1.27
0
Fe II
450
8.28
0
Fe II
451
5.33
3
Ti II
451
8.33
2
Fe II
452
0.21
8
Fe II
452
2.62
8
Fe I
4525
.136
Fe I
4528
.614
Ti II
452
9.48
0
Ti II
453
3.96
0
Fe II
453
4.16
0M
g II
4534
.304
Cr II
453
9.59
5
Fe II
454
1.51
6
4550 4560 4570 4580 4590 4600 4610 4620 4630 4640
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
Ti II
454
5.13
3
Fe II
454
9.19
4
Fe II
454
9.46
6Ti
II 4
549.
622
Ti II
454
9.81
3
Ba II
455
4.03
4
Cr II
455
4.98
8
Fe II
455
5.88
7
Fe I
4556
.126
Cr II
455
8.65
0
Ti II
456
3.75
7
Cr II
456
5.74
0
Ti II
457
1.97
1
Fe II
457
6.33
3
Fe II
457
9.52
2
Fe II
458
0.05
3
Fe II
458
2.83
0
Fe II
458
3.82
9
Cr II
458
8.19
9
Ti II
458
9.95
8
Cr II
459
2.04
9
Fe II
459
6.00
9
Fe II
459
8.48
5
Fe I
4611
.279
Cr II
461
6.62
9
Cr II
461
8.80
3
Fe II
462
0.51
3
Si II
462
1.72
2
Fe II
462
5.89
8
Fe II
462
9.33
1
Cr II
463
4.07
0
Fe II
463
5.31
7
Fe II
463
8.04
1
4650 4660 4670 4680 4690 4700 4710 4720 4730 4740
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
Ni I
4648
.652
Fe II
465
6.97
6
Ti II
465
7.20
1
Al II
466
3.04
6
Fe II
466
3.70
4
Fe II
466
6.74
9
Fe I
4667
.453
Fe II
467
0.17
0
Sc II
467
0.40
7
Fe I
4678
.846
Mg
I 470
2.99
1
Ti II
470
8.66
3
Ni I
4714
.417
Fe II
473
1.44
8
C I 4
733.
833
C I 4
735.
694
Fe I
4736
.773
Mg
II 47
39.5
93M
g II
4739
.709
4750 4760 4770 4780 4790 4800 4810 4820 4830 4840
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
Mn
II 47
55.7
27
C I 4
762.
521
Ti II
476
3.88
3
Mn
II 47
64.7
28
C I 4
771.
730
O I 4
773.
753
C I 4
775.
889
Ti II
477
9.98
5
Ti II
479
8.53
1
Ca II
479
9.97
3
Ti II
480
5.08
5
Cr II
481
2.33
7
Mn
I 482
3.52
0
Cr II
482
4.12
7
Cr II
483
6.22
9
4850 4860 4870 4880 4890 4900 4910 4920 4930 4940
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
Cr II
484
8.23
5
Mg
II 48
51.0
99
Ni I
4855
.411
Ti II
485
5.90
4
Cr II
485
6.18
6
Fe I
4859
.741
Cr II
486
0.20
2
H I 4
861.
323
Cr II
486
4.32
6
Fe I
4871
.318
Fe I
4872
.137
Ti II
487
4.00
9
Cr II
487
6.39
9
Fe I
4878
.211
Y II
4883
.682
Cr II
488
4.60
7
C I 4
888.
937
C I 4
890.
653
Fe I
4890
.755
Fe I
4891
.492
C I 4
893.
445
Fe II
489
3.81
3
C I 4
898.
642
Y II
4900
.119
Fe I
4903
.310
Fe I
4910
.325
Fe I
4910
.564
Ti II
491
1.19
4
Fe II
491
3.29
6
Fe I
4918
.993
Fe I
4920
.502
Fe II
492
3.92
1
C I 4
928.
257
C I 4
930.
274
C I 4
932.
049
C I 4
933.
412
Ba II
493
4.07
7
C I 4
934.
291
C I 4
935.
399
Fe I
4938
.814
C I 4
942.
430
C I 4
943.
576
Fe II
494
8.08
7
4950 4960 4970 4980 4990 5000 5010 5020 5030 5040 5050
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
Fe II
494
8.79
1
C I 4
950.
172
C I 4
950.
518
Fe II
495
1.58
1
Fe I
4957
.298
Fe I
4957
.596
Fe I
4966
.088
O I 4
967.
884
O I 4
968.
794
Fe II
497
7.03
3
Ni I
4980
.173
Fe I
4982
.499
Fe I
4983
.250
Fe I
4983
.852
Ni I
4984
.116
Fe II
498
4.48
5
Fe I
4985
.253
Fe II
499
0.50
6
Fe I
4991
.267
Fe II
499
3.35
0
C I 4
998.
418
Ca II
500
1.47
9
Fe II
500
1.95
3
Fe II
500
4.18
8
Fe I
5005
.712
Fe I
5006
.118
Fe I
5007
.274
Ti II
501
0.20
9
Ti II
501
3.68
6
Fe I
5014
.942
Fe II
501
5.75
2
Ni I
5017
.576
Fe II
501
8.43
6
Ca II
501
9.97
1
O I 5
020.
218
Ca II
502
1.13
8
Fe II
502
1.59
1
Fe I
5022
.235
Fe II
502
2.41
8
Fe II
502
2.78
9
Fe I
5027
.122
Fe II
503
0.63
2
Sc II
503
1.02
1
Fe II
503
2.70
3
Ni I
5035
.362
Fe II
503
5.70
0
C I 5
039.
057
Si II
504
1.02
4
C I 5
041.
481
Fe II
504
5.10
6
Fe I
5049
.819
C I 5
052.
144
5060 5070 5080 5090 5100 5110 5120 5130 5140 5150 5160
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
Si II
505
5.98
4
Si II
505
6.31
6
Fe II
506
1.71
0
Fe I
5065
.017
Fe II
506
7.89
0
Fe I
5068
.766
Fe II
507
0.89
6
Ti II
507
2.28
6
Fe I
5074
.748
Fe II
507
5.76
0
Fe I
5078
.974
Ni I
5080
.533
Ni I
5081
.110
Fe II
508
9.21
3
Fe I
5090
.774
Fe II
509
3.57
2
Fe I
5096
.997
Fe II
509
7.27
4
Fe II
510
0.61
2Fe
II 5
100.
734
Fe II
510
0.85
2
Fe II
511
7.03
1
Fe I
5125
.116
Fe II
512
7.86
2
Ti II
512
9.15
6
Fe II
513
2.66
1
Fe I
5133
.688
Fe I
5137
.381
Fe I
5139
.250
Fe I
5139
.462
Fe I
5142
.540
Fe II
514
4.35
1
Fe II
514
6.11
8
Fe I
5148
.042
Fe I
5148
.228
Fe II
514
9.46
2
Fe II
515
0.48
1
Ti II
515
4.06
8
Fe II
516
0.83
9
5170 5180 5190 5200 5210 5220 5230 5240 5250 5260 5270
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
Fe I
5162
.272
Fe I
5165
.410
Fe II
516
6.55
1
Mg
I 516
7.32
2Fe
I 51
67.4
88
Fe II
516
9.02
8
Fe I
5171
.596
Mg
I 517
2.68
4
Fe II
517
7.38
9
Fe II
518
0.31
2
Mg
I 518
3.60
4
Ti II
518
5.90
2
Ti II
518
8.68
7
Fe I
5191
.454
Fe I
5192
.343
Fe I
5195
.471
Fe II
519
7.56
8
C I 5
198.
488
Fe II
519
9.11
9
Fe II
520
0.79
8
Cr I
5204
.498
Cr I
5206
.023
Cr I
5208
.409
Fe I
5208
.594
Ti II
521
1.53
0
Fe I
5215
.180
Fe II
521
5.34
7
Fe II
521
6.85
9
Ti II
522
6.53
8
Fe I
5226
.861
Fe I
5227
.189
Fe II
522
7.31
7Fe
II 5
227.
485
Fe I
5229
.865
Fe II
523
2.78
1Fe
I 52
32.9
40
Fe II
523
4.62
3
Cr II
523
7.32
8
Fe II
523
7.94
9
Sc II
523
9.81
3
Cr II
524
6.76
8
Fe II
524
7.95
6
Fe II
525
1.22
6
Fe II
525
4.92
0
Fe II
525
6.93
2
Fe II
525
7.11
9
Fe II
526
0.25
4
Ti II
526
2.14
1
Fe I
5263
.306
Mg
II 52
64.2
20M
g II
5264
.364
Fe II
526
4.80
2
Ca I
5265
.556
Fe I
5266
.554
Ti II
526
8.60
8
Fe I
5269
.537
Fe I
5270
.356
5280 5290 5300 5310 5320 5330 5340 5350 5360 5370 5380
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
Fe II
527
2.39
9
Cr II
527
4.96
4
Fe II
527
5.99
7
Cr II
527
9.87
6
Fe I
5281
.789
Fe I
5283
.621
Fe II
528
4.10
3
Ca II
528
5.26
6
Fe II
529
1.66
1
Fe I
5302
.300
Cr II
530
5.85
3
Fe II
530
6.18
2
Ca II
530
7.22
4
Cr II
530
8.40
8
Cr II
531
3.56
3
Fe II
531
6.21
4
Fe II
531
6.60
9Fe
II 5
316.
781
Fe I
5324
.178
Fe II
532
5.55
2
Fe I
5328
.038
Fe I
5328
.531
O I 5
329.
099
O I 5
329.
690
O I 5
330.
741
Cr II
533
4.86
9
Ti II
533
6.78
6
Fe II
533
7.72
2
Ca II
533
9.18
8
Fe II
533
9.59
4
Fe I
5339
.929
Fe II
536
2.86
1
Fe I
5364
.870
Fe I
5367
.465
Fe I
5369
.961
Fe I
5371
.489
C I 5
374.
346
C I 5
378.
910
C I 5
380.
325
Ti II
538
1.02
2
5390 5400 5410 5420 5430 5440 5450 5460 5470 5480 5490 5500
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
Fe I
5383
.368
Fe II
538
7.06
3
C I 5
388.
226
Fe I
5393
.167
Fe II
539
5.85
4
Fe I
5397
.127
C I 5
398.
198
Fe I
5400
.501
Mg
II 54
01.5
56
Fe II
540
2.05
7
Fe I
5404
.151
Fe I
5405
.774
Cr II
540
7.60
4
Fe I
5410
.909
Fe II
541
4.07
0
Fe I
5415
.198
Ti II
541
8.76
8
Fe I
5424
.067
Fe II
542
5.24
8
Fe II
542
7.81
6
Fe I
5429
.696
Fe II
542
9.98
7
Fe II
543
2.96
2
Fe I
5434
.523
O I 5
435.
775
O I 5
436.
862
Fe I
5445
.041
Fe I
5446
.582
Fe I
5446
.916
Fe I
5455
.453
Fe I
5455
.609
Fe I
5462
.959
Fe I
5463
.275
Fe II
546
5.93
2
Fe I
5466
.395
Fe II
546
6.89
8
Fe I
5476
.564
Ni I
5476
.904
Cr II
547
8.36
5
Fe II
548
2.30
6
Fe II
548
7.61
8Fe
I 54
87.7
44
Fe II
549
2.07
8
Fe II
549
3.83
1
5510 5520 5530 5540 5550 5560 5570 5580 5590 5600 5610 5620
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
Cr II
550
2.06
7
Fe II
550
6.19
9
Cr II
550
8.60
6
Fe II
551
0.78
3
Fe II
552
5.11
7
Sc II
552
6.79
0
Mg
I 552
8.40
5
Fe II
552
9.93
0
Fe II
553
4.83
8
Fe II
554
4.75
8
C I 5
548.
903
Fe II
556
7.83
1
Fe I
5569
.618
Fe I
5572
.842
Fe I
5586
.755
Fe II
558
7.11
5
Fe II
558
8.22
1
Ca I
5588
.749
Ca I
5594
.462
Ca I
5598
.480
Fe I
5602
.945
Fe I
5615
.644
5630 5640 5650 5660 5670 5680 5690 5700 5710 5720 5730 5740
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
Fe I
5624
.542
Fe II
564
3.86
8
Fe II
564
5.39
0
Sc II
565
7.89
6
Fe I
5658
.816
C I 5
668.
940
Na I
5688
.205
C I 5
710.
513
5750 5760 5770 5780 5790 5800 5810 5820 5830 5840 5850 5860 5870
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
C I 5
757.
367
C I 5
758.
564
C I 5
760.
074
C I 5
780.
206
C I 5
780.
678
Fe II
578
3.62
3
Ca I
5857
.451
Fe I
5862
.356
5880 5890 5900 5910 5920 5930 5940 5950 5960 5970 5980 5990 6000
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
Fe II
588
5.01
4
Na I
5889
.951
Na I
5895
.924
Fe II
590
2.82
3
Fe I
5914
.200
Si II
595
7.55
9
Fe II
596
1.70
6
Si II
597
8.93
0
Fe II
599
1.37
1
6010 6020 6030 6040 6050 6060 6070 6080 6090 6100 6110 6120 6130
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
C I 6
013.
167
Fe I
6024
.057
Fe II
608
4.10
2
Ca I
6122
.217
6140 6150 6160 6170 6180 6190 6200 6210 6220 6230 6240 6250 6260 6270
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
Fe II
614
7.73
4
Fe II
614
9.24
6
O I 6
155.
971
O I 6
156.
778
O I 6
158.
187
Ca I
6162
.173
Fe II
617
5.13
7
Fe I
6230
.722
Fe II
623
8.38
6
Fe II
624
7.35
4Fe
II 6
247.
557
6280 6290 6300 6310 6320 6330 6340 6350 6360 6370 6380 6390 6400 6410
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
C I 6
275.
555
Fe II
630
5.29
6
Fe II
631
7.98
9
Fe II
633
1.95
4
Mg
II 63
46.7
42M
g II
6346
.964
Si II
634
7.10
9
Si II
637
1.37
1
Fe II
638
3.72
2
Fe I
6400
.000
6420 6430 6440 6450 6460 6470 6480 6490 6500 6510 6520 6530 6540 6550
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
Fe I
6411
.648
Fe II
641
6.91
9
Fe II
643
2.67
6
Ca I
6439
.075
Fe II
644
6.40
7
O I 6
453.
602
O I 6
454.
444
O I 6
455.
977
Fe II
645
6.38
0
Ca II
645
6.87
5
Ca I
6462
.567
Fe II
648
2.20
4
Fe I
6494
.980
Fe II
651
6.07
7
Mg
II 65
45.9
94
6560 6570 6580 6590 6600 6610 6620 6630 6640 6650 6660 6670 6680 6690
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
H I 6
562.
797
Fe II
656
5.38
0
Fe II
657
1.42
2
C I 6
587.
610
6700 6710 6720 6730 6740 6750 6760 6770 6780 6790 6800 6810 6820 6830 6840
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
S I 6
757.
150
C I 6
828.
120
6850 6860 6870 6880 6890 6900 6910 6920 6930 6940 6950 6960 6970 6980 6990
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
Fe II
687
0.72
6
Fe II
690
5.65
1
Fe II
692
2.02
6
7000 7010 7020 7030 7040 7050 7060 7070 7080 7090 7100 7110 7120 7130 7140
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
O I 7
001.
922
O I 7
002.
230
Al II
704
2.08
3
C I 7
111.
461
C I 7
113.
171
C I 7
115.
170
C I 7
116.
981
C I 7
119.
658
7150 7160 7170 7180 7190 7200 7210 7220 7230 7240 7250 7260 7270 7280 7290
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
O I 7
156.
701
Fe I
7187
.316
Fe I
7207
.386
Fe II
722
2.39
1
Fe II
722
4.47
8
O I 7
254.
448
7300 7310 7320 7330 7340 7350 7360 7370 7380 7390 7400 7410 7420 7430 7440 7450
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
Fe II
730
8.06
8
Fe II
732
0.65
7
Si I
7423
.496
N I 7
442.
298
Fe I
7445
.748
Fe II
744
9.32
9
7460 7470 7480 7490 7500 7510 7520 7530 7540 7550 7560 7570 7580 7590 7600 7610
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
Fe II
746
2.41
0
N I 7
468.
312
Fe I
7495
.065
Fe I
7511
.018
Fe II
751
3.17
6
7620 7630 7640 7650 7660 7670 7680 7690 7700 7710 7720 7730 7740 7750 7760 7770
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
K I 7
664.
899
Fe II
771
1.72
0
O I 7
771.
944
O I 7
774.
166
O I 7
775.
388
7780 7790 7800 7810 7820 7830 7840 7850 7860 7870 7880 7890 7900 7910 7920 7930 7940
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
Fe I
7780
.556
Fe I
7832
.195
C I 7
860.
881
Mg
II 78
77.0
54
Mg
II 78
96.0
42
Mg
II 78
96.3
66
Fe I
7937
.139
Fe I
7945
.846
7950 7960 7970 7980 7990 8000 8010 8020 8030 8040 8050 8060 8070 8080 8090 8100 8110
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
O I 7
947.
548
O I 7
950.
803
O I 7
952.
159
Fe I
7998
.944
Fe I
8046
.046
8120 8130 8140 8150 8160 8170 8180 8190 8200 8210 8220 8230 8240 8250 8260 8270 8280
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
Na I
8183
.256
N I 8
184.
861
N I 8
188.
012
Na I
8194
.824
Ca II
820
1.72
2
N I 8
210.
715
Mg
I 821
3.03
4
Mg
II 82
13.9
87
N I 8
216.
336
Fe I
8220
.377
O I 8
221.
824
N I 8
223.
128
O I 8
227.
653
Fe II
822
8.98
7
O I 8
230.
001
O I 8
233.
003
Mg
II 82
34.6
36
O I 8
235.
354
N I 8
242.
389
Ca II
824
8.79
6
Ca II
825
4.72
1
8290 8300 8310 8320 8330 8340 8350 8360 8370 8380 8390 8400 8410 8420 8430 8440 8450 8460
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
Fe II
828
7.87
7
Fe I
8327
.055
C I 8
335.
147
H I 8
345.
557
Fe II
835
7.24
0
H I 8
359.
008
H I 8
374.
479
Fe I
8387
.771
H I 8
392.
401
Fe II
839
8.15
1
H I 8
413.
322
Fe II
842
0.56
1
H I 8
437.
959
O I 8
446.
359
O I 8
446.
758
Fe II
845
1.01
5
8470 8480 8490 8500 8510 8520 8530 8540 8550 8560 8570 8580 8590 8600 8610 8620 8630
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
H I 8
467.
258
Fe II
846
8.59
2
Fe II
846
9.23
5
Fe II
848
2.37
7
Fe II
849
0.10
2
Fe II
849
0.69
1
Ca II
849
8.02
0Ca
II 8
498.
233
Fe II
849
9.61
6
H I 8
502.
487
Ca II
854
2.08
8Ca
II 8
542.
307
H I 8
545.
387
Si I
8556
.776
N I 8
567.
735
N I 8
594.
000
H I 8
598.
396
N I 8
629.
235
8640 8650 8660 8670 8680 8690 8700 8710 8720 8730 8740 8750 8760 8770 8780 8790 8800 8810
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
Si I
8648
.465
N I 8
655.
878
Fe I
8661
.899
Ca II
866
2.13
8Ca
II 8
662.
358
H I 8
665.
022
N I 8
680.
282
N I 8
683.
403
N I 8
686.
149
Fe I
8688
.623
S I 8
694.
710
N I 8
703.
247
N I 8
711.
703
N I 8
718.
837
Si I
8728
.010
N I 8
728.
901
Si I
8742
.446
Mg
II 87
45.6
63
H I 8
750.
476
Si I
8752
.007
Si I
8790
.389
Fe I
8793
.341
Mg
I 880
6.75
7
8820 8830 8840 8850 8860 8870 8880 8890 8900 8910 8920 8930 8940 8950 8960 8970 8980 8990
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
O I 8
820.
423
Fe I
8824
.219
H I 8
862.
787
Fe I
8866
.931
C I 8
873.
271
S I 8
874.
480
C I 8
904.
334
Ca II
891
2.06
8
Fe II
892
6.65
7
Ca II
892
7.35
6
Copyright: K. G. Strassmeier, AIP
