Spoken English July - 2016

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 3 -V-™„j 2016 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

O’ -v°æ--¨¡o-©’ °æç-§ƒ-Lq-† -*®Ω’-Ø√-´÷...-≤ÚpÈé-Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ, -v°æ-A-¶μº -N-¶μ«í∫ç,

Ñ-Ø√--úø’ é¬®√u-©-ßª’ç, -®√-¢Á÷-@ °∂œ-™¸t Æœ-öÃ, £æ«-ßª’-û˝-†í∫®˝ (-´’ç-úø-©ç), ®Ωçí¬È®-úÕf ->-™«x.

Email your questions to: [email protected]

-D. Srikanth Reddy

Q: Sir, can you please explain theusage of me and I? Where wehave to use me as well as I?What is the difference betweenthem?

A: First of all I is used as the sub-ject, and me as the object. (IÅçõ‰ ØË†’, me Åçõ‰ Ø√èπ◊/ ††’o.)

Eg: He met me yesterday (Åûª†’ E†o ††’o éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’.). He helped me get the job.(ÖüÓuí∫ç §Òçü¿-úøç™ Ø√èπ◊ Åûª†’ ≤ƒßª’çîË¨»úø’.)

★ 'Who is it?' if somebody asks this question,strictly speaking, the answer should be, 'It isI', but it is more common nowadays to say,'It's me'. Though according to grammar thisis wrong, and 'It is I' is correct, 'It's me' is

accepted nowadays. This hasbecome a part of usage (--¢√-úø’-éπ)now. Similarly, in comparativestoo, 'He is stronger than me',instead of 'He is stronger than I' isaccepted nowadays, as there is noambiguity (ÆæçüË£æ«ç ®√ü¿’ éπ-†’éπ - é¬FéÌEo éÌEo Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x I •ü¿’©’ me¢√úÕûË Å®Ωnç ´÷J-§Ú-ûª’çC.)

Eg: He likes you more than I, and He likesyou more than me have differentmeanings. He likes you more than I(do) = ØË†’ E†’o É≠æd-°æ--úø’-ûª’-Ø√o-†’, Åûª†÷E†’o É≠æd-°æ--úø’-ûª’-Ø√oúø’, é¬F FO’ü¿ Ø√èπ◊†oÉ≠ædç éπçõ‰, Åûª-E-èπ◊†o É≠æd-¢Ë’ áèπ◊\´.

★ He likes you more than me (Åûª-EéÀ -Ø√ éπçõ‰ -†’-´yç-õ‰-ØË áèπ◊\´ É≠ædç. É™«çöÀ ûËú≈ ´*a-†-°æ¤púø’I, me © Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ îª÷Ææ’-éÓ-¢√L.)

www.eenadupratibha.net'-≤ÚpÈé-Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ— §ƒ-ûª Ææç-*éπ-© éÓÆæç -îª÷-úøç-úÕ..

1. Fuel = a) Substance used to provide heat /power (Éçüμ¿†ç – Â°vö™¸ ™«çöÀN)Eg: Petrol is used as a fuel for cars. b) Increase or make something stronger

(Â°çîªúøç/ •©-°æ-®Ω-îªúøç)Eg: Careful planning fuels growth (´’ç*

´‹u£æ«ç ´%Cl¥E Â°çîª’-ûª’çC)Fuel × Dampen (E®Ω’-û√q-£æ«-°æ-®Ω-îªúøç/ Öû√q£æ«çO’ü¿ F∞¡Ÿx îª©xúøç)

2. Prompt = (Has a number of meanings) a) Without delay / immediate (¢ÁçôØË).Eg: He arrived promptly at 5.30 at the

place and the show began promptly. Promptly × Sluggish (lazy and slow -

´’çü¿-éÌ-úÕí¬)b) Cause (é¬®Ω-ù-´’-´úøç/ °æ¤J-éÌ-©púøç)Eg: The violence in the city prompted the

police to take immediate action. (†í∫-®Ωç-™E £œ«ç≤ƒ-é¬çúø §ÚM-Ææ’-©†’ ûªéπ~ù îª®Ωu-©èπ◊ °æ¤J-éÌ-LpçC.)

Prompt × Unresponsive (Ææpçü¿† ™‰éπ-§Ú-´úøç)c) Encourage (v§Úûªq-£œ«ç-îªúøç)Eg: On his friend's prompting he attended

the interview. (ûª† ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’E v§Úü¿s©ç/v§Úû√q-£æ«çûÓ Åûª†’ ´·ë«-´·"éÀ £æ…ï-®Ω-ßª÷uúø’.)

Prompt × Discourage (E®Ω’-û√q-£æ«-°æ-®Ω-îªúøç)d) Help an actor remember their dialogue.

(†ô’-©èπ◊ Ææç¶μ«-≠æ-ù©’ ÅçCç-îªúøç)3. Unveil = Uncover (a new monument /

book / statue). Veil (ÇN-≠æ \-Jç-îªúøç – °æ¤Ææh-é¬©’/ Nví∫-£æ…©’/ ñ«c°æéπ *£æ…o©’ ™«çöÀN). Veil= Cover (´·Ææ’í∫’). Women of some com-munities wear veils.

4. Momentary = Very temporary (lasting forjust a moment - --éπ~-ùÀéπ-¢Á’i-†)Eg: We should not waste money on

momentary pleasures. Unveil × Lasting / permanent

5. Momentous = Very important (especiallywith future consequences - î√™« ´·êu-¢Á’i†,´·êuçí¬ ¶μºN-≠æu-ûª’h™ Bv´ °æJ-ù«-́ ÷©’ éπL-TçîË)Eg: This is a momentous decision affect-

ing our relations with China (îÁjØ√ûÓ´’† Ææç•ç-üμΔ© O’ü¿ î√™« Bv´/ ´·êuv°æ¶μ«-¢√Eo îª÷Ê° E®Ωg-ßª’-N’C.)

Momentous × Trivial (àç v§ƒ´·êuç ™‰E/*†o N≠æßª’ç)

Vocabulary

Q: Please clarify which one of the followingis correct. After retirement I have settledin / at / down at Hyderabad.

A: After retirement I settled in Hyderabad -Correct. Usually we use 'in' before bigcities, and big places, and 'at' beforesmall places, villages, etc.

- Murali KrishnaQ: Sir can you explain meanings of was,

were, has, have, had in Telugu?A: Was = í∫ûªç™ ÖØ√oúø’/ ÖçC.

Eg: I was there yesterday. ★ Were = í∫ûªç™ Ö†oN/ ÖØ√o®Ω’.

Eg: We were there yesterday. ★ Has - used with he / she / it.

Eg: a) The boy (he) / the girl (she) has apen.

b) The car (it) has four wheels. ★ Have - used with I / we / you / they. I /we /

you / they (my friends / the students) haveall the books. Eg: Cars (they) have wheels.

★ Had - the past tense of have / has. Used withall subjects (I / we / you / they) = Possessedin the past (í∫ûªç™ ÖçúËC– DEo ÅFo subjectsûÓ ¢√úÌîª’a.)

- Ramakishore Vattipalli

Q: Sir, where we use find, discover? - Pleaseexplain with examples.

A: Find = notice / observe (í∫´’-Eç-îªúøç.)★ Discover = see something for the first time

/ find out something. (üËE-ØÁjØ√ / á´-J-ØÁjØ√¢Á·ü¿-öÀ-≤ƒJ îª÷úøôç.)

- T. Leela Krishna

Q: Sir, what is the difference between arguedand argumented?

A: Argued = explained why you support /don't support something (¢√Cç-îªúøç). Nosuch word as 'argumented' in English.There is the word 'augmented' = increased.(Â°çîªúøç/ áèπ◊\´ îËßª’úøç.)

Q: Please let me know the actual meaning ofprompting?

A: To prompt is to help an actor remembertheir dialogue. (†ô’-©èπ◊ ¢√∞¡Ÿx îÁ§ƒp-Lq† Ææç¶μ«-≠æ-ù©’ ÅçCç-îªúøç, ®Ωçí∫ç ¢Á©’-°æ© †’ç*.)

- M. Sankaraiah

Q: Please explain which type of subordinateclause is this?Tell me how you found that out.

A: 'How you found that out' is a noun clause,object of the verb, 'tell'. Put the questionwhat (á´-JE) / whom (üËEo) to the verb, andthe answer you get is the object of the verb.In this sentence, 'how you got the job'answers the question, 'Tell me what?' andyou get the answer, how you found thatout. So it acts as the object of the verb,knows.

Q: Sir, I have confusion in using Englishhelping verbs such as would, could andeven if. - Please explain these.

A: Would - i) expresses future from the past.Compare: a) I think (now) he will help me.b) I thought (in the past) he would help

me. (ØË†-†’-èπ◊-Ø√o†’ – í∫ûªç™ – Åûª†’ Ø√èπ◊≤ƒßª’ç îË≤ƒh-úøE.)

ii) Would in the question form expressespolite requests in the present = ´’®√u-ü¿-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† Å¶μºu-®Ωn†.

Eg: Would you help me, please? (é¬Ææh≤ƒßª’ç îË≤ƒh®√?)

iii) 'Would' is sometimes used to express awish.

Eg: I would (I wish) they were here (now)= Åûª-E-éπ\úø Öçõ‰ áçûª-¶«-í∫’ç-úø’†’! – Åûª-E-éπ\úø ÖçúË Å´-é¬¨¡ç ™‰ü¿’.

iv) 'Would' refers to a past habit = í∫ûªç™-EÅ©¢√ô’.

Eg: I would go for long walks when I wasa student. (ØË†’ NüΔu-Jní¬ Ö†o-°æ¤púø’áèπ◊\´ †úÕ-îË-¢√-úÕE)

v) Unwillingness in the past - I requestedhim for help, but he would not (refusedto) give it. (ØË†’ ÅûªEo ≤ƒßª’ç îËßª’-́ ’EÅJnç-î√†’, é¬F Åûª†’ îËßª’-ú≈-EéÀ ä°æ¤p-éÓ-™‰ü¿’.)

vi) Expresses a choice when used withrather: Harischandra would rather diethan tell a lie. (£æ«J-¨¡aç-vü¿’úø’ î√´-ú≈-E-ÈéjØ√Æœü¿l¥ç é¬F, Å•ü¿l¥ç îÁ°æpúø’)

★ COULD: Used i) as the past form of can.Compare: a) I think he can do it. (Åûª†’îËßª’-í∫-©-úøE – É°æ¤púø’ – ØË†-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’). Ithought he could do it. (Åûª†’ îËßª’-í∫-©’-í∫’-û√-úøE ØË†-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’.)ii) To express a possibility (ï®Ω-í∫-í∫-©-ü¿E Å†’-

èπ◊ØË N≠æßª’ç). Take care, there could besnakes there. (ñ«ví∫ûªh, Åéπ\úø §ƒ´·-©’ç-úø-í∫-©´¤.)

iii) 'Could' in the question form expressesthe politest requests: Could you helpme please? (Ø√èπ◊ é¬Ææh ≤ƒßª’ç îËßª’-í∫-©®√?– É°æ¤púø’)

★ Even if = though / although / even though= Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ. Though / Although / Even ifhe comes here he cannot meet them = Åûª-E-éπ\-úÕéÀ ´*a-†-°æp-öÀéÃ ¢√∞¡x†’ Åûª†’ éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-™‰úø’.

- S. Raja Sekhar, Kakinada.

Q: Sir, please give the meaning of 'out of' andexplain the different uses of it. And also explain what is the meaning of '2children were born out of wedlock' in adiverse case. Whether it means children were bornthrough wedlock or they were born notthrough wedlock?

A: Out of = No longer inside something (•ßª’-ôèπ◊ BÆœ†/ ´*a†). It fell out of the bag.

★ Children born out of wedlock = born to aman and a woman not married / separatedby divorce (N¢√-£æ«ç-é¬E ïçô-©èπ◊ °æ¤öÀd†°œ©x©’.)

- Ravuru Narasaiah, Puducherry

Q: Sir, please let me know the meaning of theidiom 'score brownie points' in Telugu?

A: Get praise or approval from authorities orothers for something that you have done.(´’†ç îËÆœ† °æ†’-©èπ◊ ÅCμ-é¬-®Ω’©, Éûª-®Ω’© ¢Á’°æ¤p/§Òí∫úøh §Òçü¿úøç.)Eg: She thought she could get / earn / score

brownie points from her mother-in-law by doing all the household work.(ÉçöÀ-°æ-†’-©Fo îËÆœ ûª†’ ûª† Åûªh-í¬J ¢Á’°æ¤p§Òçü¿-í∫-©-†E Å†’-èπ◊çC.)

M. SURESAN

- T. Srinivas Reddy

- Pravina GI - -•---ü¿’-©’ me ¢√úÕûË..?

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 10 -V-™„j 2016 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2




1. Hinder = Obstruct / stop (Åúøf-Tç-îªúøç/Ç°æúøç). Eg: His laziness is hindering his

progress.

Hinder × Aid / assist / support / promote(≤ƒßª’-°æ-úøôç)

2. Decline = a) Refuse politely (´’®√u-ü¿-éπ-®Ωçí¬A®Ω-Ææ \-Jç-îªúøç).

Eg: They offered her the top position inthe company but she declined it.

Decline × Accept (Æ‘yéπ-Jç-îªúøç/ ä°æ¤p-éÓ-´úøç)

b) Decrease (ûªí∫_úøç/ °æûª†ç.)

Eg: The birth rate in that country isdeclining = there is a fall in the num-ber of births in the country.

3. Progressive = Supporting new ideas,methods and change (Å¶μº’u-ü¿-ßª’ -¶μ«-¢√©’Ö†o).

Eg: The father, being orthodox (ÆæØ√-ûª-†-¢√C Å´-úøçûÓ), does not like the pro-gressive ideas of his son.

Progressive × Retrogressive (A®Ó-í∫-´’†ûªûªyç)

4. Negotiate = a) Reaching an agreementthrough discussions (îª®Ωa-©ûÓ °æJ-≠æ \-Jç-îª’-éÓ-´úøç).

Eg: The prime ministers of the twoneighbouring countries have reachedan agreement through negotiations.

b) Pass a difficult part of a route (éπ≠ædçí¬Ö†o ´÷®√_Eo üΔôúøç.)

Eg: She negotiated the narrow curve onher way home.

5. Faith = a) Belief in somebody's ability orknowledge (†´’téπç/ N¨»yÆæç).

Eg: I have faith in you; I know you cando what you have promised to do

b) Religion (´’ûªç). Hindu faith = Hindureligion.

Eg: Students in schools and collegesmeet members of different faiths.

c) Strong religious belief (´’ûª-Ææç-•ç-üμ¿-¢Á’i††´’téπç.)

Eg: Faith does not admit of any doubts(†´’téπç Ö†o-°æ¤púø’ ÆæçüË-£æ…©’ ®√´¤).

d) In good faith = with good intentions(†´’t-éπçûÓ.)

Eg: They handed him the big amount ofmoney in good faith.

Faith × Distrust (Å°æ-†-´’téπç)

Vocabulary


- S. Mallikharjun

Q: Sir, can you please explain theusage of would have been,could have been, should havebeen and might have been?Where and how we have to usethem?

A: Would have been / should havebeen / could have been / might have beenare all imaginary past forms. That is theyrefer to our imagination about some pasthappenings.

★ Would have been = Thought to be some-where in the past but not there (í∫ûªç™ÖçúËüË/ ÖçúË-¢√úË é¬F -™‰-ü¿’ / ™‰úø’.)Eg: He would have been an actor if he had

wanted (Åûª†’ Å†’-èπ◊E Öçõ‰ †ô’-úÕí¬ÖçúË-¢√úø’, é¬F Å†’-éÓ-™‰ü¿’ – ™‰úø’.)

★ Should have been = expected as a rule tohave been but not there (-Öç-ú≈-Lqç-üË/ -Öç-ú≈-Lq-† -¢√-úË é¬-F -™‰-ü¿’/ -™‰-úø’.)

Eg: He should have been there inthe morning.

★ Could have been = had the capac-ity to be something / somewherebut not there (--Öç-úøí∫-LÍí-üË/ -Öç-úøí∫-LÍí-¢√-úË é¬-F -™‰-ü¿’/ -™‰--úø’).

Eg: He could have been there earlyin the morning (Ç õ„jçéÀ Åéπ\úøÖçúË-¢√úË é¬F ™‰úø’).

★ Might have been = (uncertain) (ÖçúÕÖçúÌîª’a.) Eg: He was not at home lastnight. He might have been at his friend's(Åûªúø’ E†o Éçöx ™‰úø’. Åûª†’ ûª† -ÊÆo-£œ«ûª’úÕÉçöx ÖçúÕ ÖçúÌîª’a).

- K. V. Ramana

Q: Sir, what is the difference between "I sawhim" and "I did see him"?

A: 'I did see him' is more emphatic than 'I sawhim'. (ØË†’ îª÷úø-éπ-§Ú-´-úø-¢Ë’-N’öÃ, éπ*a-ûªçí¬îª÷¨»†’ ÅE ØÌéÀ\ îÁ§ƒp-©-†’-èπ◊çõ‰, I did seehim Åçö«ç.)

Apart from -Åç-õ‰ ...?

- A. Veeranjaneyulu

Q: Sir, please explain me the differencebetween raise and rise.

A: Raise = i) lifting something up; (áûªhúøç)ii) increase (Â°çîªúøç)

Eg: a) He raised his hand (Åûª†’ îË®· áû√húø’.)b) The hoteliers have raised prices (£æ«Ùô™¸

¢√∞¡Ÿx üμ¿®Ω-©†’ Â°çî√®Ω’.)★ Rise = stand up, (E©-•-úøôç) something

increasing on its own (Â°®Ω-í∫úøç.)Eg: a) When a teacher enters class, all stu-

dents rise (E©-•-úø-û√®Ω’.)b) The price of gold is rising day by day.

(•çí¬®Ωç üμ¿®Ω ®ÓV-®Ó-Vèπÿ Â°®Ω’-í∫’-ûÓçC.)

- Hari Prasad

Q: Sir, we call they / them / their if the topic isrelated to many people. But what we call ifthe topic is about objects / things? How tocall things?

A: They / them / their, refer not only to human

beings but also objects and animals. They= ¢√∞¡Ÿx/ ÅN; them = ¢√∞¡x†’/ ¢√öÀE/ ¢√∞¡xèπ◊/¢√öÀéÀ; their = ¢√∞¡x ßÁ·éπ\/ ¢√öÀ ßÁ·éπ\.Eg: They (ÅN) are the houses of my friends;

They have beautiful.... ; The houses andtheir (¢√öÀ) windows are always closed.

- K. Venkata Ramana

Q: Sir, what is the meaning for "I have neverseen him since that unfortunate event"?

A: From the time the event took place I havenot seen him (Ç ü¿’®Ω-ü¿%-≠æd-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† Ææç°∂æ’-ô† ïJ-T-†-°æpöÀ †’ç* ØË†-ûªEo îª÷úø-™‰ü¿’.)

- S. Raja Shekar, Kakinada.

Q: Sir, please give the meaning and usage ofthe following words:1. Default 2. Much less 3. Endorse

A: Default = a) Failure to fulfill what oneagrees to do, especially the failure torepay a loan (•é¬-®·-°æ-úøôç.)

Eg: i) Samir tried his best to avoid a defaulton the loan from the bank.

ii) The losses in his business made himdefault on his bank loan. (ÅûªE¢√u§ƒ®Ωç™ ´*a† †≥ƒd©’ ¶«uçé˙ ®Ω’ùç•é¬®· °æúËô’d îË¨»®·.)

b) (Computer) Revert (come back) auto-matically to a pre-selected form.

Eg: The computer reverted to default as itdid not have access to the programme(àüÁjØ√ v§Úví¬ç Å®·-§Ú-í¬ØË ¢Á·ü¿öÀ ÆœnAéÀ®√´úøç.)

★ Much less: Eg: The rice in this bag ismuch less than that in that bag. (Ç Ææç-*™Gßª’uç éπçõ‰ Ñ Ææç-*™ Gßª’uç î√™« ûªèπ◊\´.)

★ Endorse / endorsement = Declare one'sapproval or support publicly. Eg: The officer endorsed the request of

the clerk for a promotion.

- Nehemiah

Q: Sir, I want to know the differencebetween the two words "BUILT-IN" and"INBUILT" with best examples.

A: Built-in and inbuilt are more or less thesame. Built-in = Parts that cannot beremoved / separated from what they are apart of. (´Ææ’h´¤ †’ç* ¢Ë®Ω’ îËßª’-™‰E ¶μ«í¬©’).

★ Inbuilt = If something is inbuilt, it is anoriginal part of something and cannot beseparated from it. (äéπ ´Ææ’h-´¤†’ ûªßª÷®Ω’îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púË üΔE™ ÉN’úËa ¶μ«í¬©’, üΔE †’ç*¢Ë®Ω’ îËßª’-™‰-EN.)Eg: The car has a built-in / an inbuilt

automatic door closure system. (ûª©’-°æ¤©’ ¢√ôç-ûª-ô¢Ë ´‚Ææ’-èπ◊ØË ´ÆæA Çé¬®Ω’™ ÉN’úÕa ÖçC.)

Q: Sir, what is the meaning of sentence'Barring accidents, she comes in time'?

A: If there are no accidents on the way shecomes here at the right time.

- Murali Krishna

Q: Sir, can you please explain the word"apart from". What is the meaning inTelugu? And give some examples.

A: Apart from = a) In addition to (ÅçûË-é¬-èπ◊çú≈.) Eg: Apart from his heavy workin the office, he had to take care of hissick wife.

b) Except (ûª°æp.) Eg: The whole familywas asleep, except the father who wasworried about finances for his daugh-ter's marriage.

- Sahana Aaliya

Q: Sir, please explain the word 'she hurt'.

A: She hurt - wrong. It should be, 'She hurtherself' (She was injured) / She hurtsomebody (she caused injury / suffering- physically or mentally - somebody)

- Srinivas Banothu

Q: Sir, please explain the usage of 'rather'with Telugu meaning with suitable exam-ples.

A: Rather - a) used when two unlike things arecompared. Eg: He is rather tall than hand-some (ÅûªE Åçü¿ç éπçõ‰ áûª’h áèπ◊\´.)b) Expresses preference (áèπ◊\´ É≠æd-°æ-úË-üΔEo

ûÁ©-°æúøç) Eg: Harischandra would ratherdie than tell a lie. (£æ«-J-¨¡aç-vü¿’-úø’ v§ƒù«-™„jØ√§ÚíÌ-ô’d-èπ◊ç-ö«úø’ é¬F Å•ü¿l¥ç îÁ°æpúø’.)

c) To some extent - The jewel is rathercostly. Used mostly with bad things.Eg: The movie was rather boring.

Q: Please explain the usage of 'for' at the start-ing of the sentence. Eg: For I am sure thatif he reforms his ways?

A: For (if used at the beginning of a sentence)= because. Eg: I don't like him. For he is a rogue.

- Ramakrishna U, Payakaraopet.

Q: I can understand gist of sentence in Englishbut I cannot write in English properly. Howcan I improve English writing skills prop-erly. I request you to solve my problem.

A: You can improve your writing ability byreading books in English, and listening toEnglish news telecasts in English. The nextstep: Practise writing short sentences onany topic you like. Then go on to shortparagraphs. This kind of practice will helpyou to improve your ability of writing.

M. SURESAN

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 17 -V-™„j 2016 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2





1. Abrupt = Sudden and unexpected (Ö†o-ô’dçúÕ Ü£œ«ç-îªE Nüμ¿çí¬ ïJ-ÍíC)

Eg: His arrival was abrupt and we weresurprised to see him there at that time(ÅûªE ®√éπ ¢Ë’ç Å†’-éÓ-èπ◊çú≈ Ö†o-ô’dçúÕïJ-TçC. Åûª-†o-éπ\úø ¢Ë’´· Å°æ¤púø’îª÷úøôç ´’´’tLo Ç¨¡a-®Ωu-°æ-J-*çC.)

Abrupt × Gradual / leisurely (véπ´’ véπ´’çí¬/BJ-éπí¬)

2. Beverage = A drink of any kind (àNüμ¿-¢Á’i†§ƒF-ßª’-¢Á’iØ√)

Eg: The cafe sells all kinds of beveragesincluding tea, coffee, etc. It does notsell alcoholic beverages.

Beverage × Solid food (°∂æ’Ø√-£æ…®Ωç)

3. Compensate = Pay money for the loss ordamage or for some problem caused (†≠æd-°æ-J-£æ…®Ωç.)Eg: The bus company has compensated

him for the damage caused to his legin an accident.

Compensate × Deprive (éÓ™p-ßË’-ôô’dîËßª’úøç)

4. Descend = Get down / climb down (éÀçCéÀCí∫úøç)Eg: He descended the stairs as soon as he

heard someone knocking at his door.Descend × Ascend (climb up - Â°jéÀ áéπ\úøç)

5. Obstinate = Stubborn (¢Á·çúÕ/ °æöÀd† °æô’dNúø-´-èπ◊çú≈ Öçúøôç)Eg: He is obstinate about going there

though his health is bad. Obstinate × / yielding / pliable (¢Á·çúÕ-ûª†ç™‰èπ◊çú≈ Éûª-®Ω’©’ îÁ°œpçC N†úøç.)

Vocabulary

- Virender, Hyderabad.

Q: Sir, kindly explain the meaning withexamples of the following words.1) While so 2) Be that as it may 3) While that being so.

A: While so = 'While so' cannot be usedindependently. It can only be a part of asentence as in the following example: Eg: While so used, the tool was broken

(ÅC Å™« ¢√úø’-ûª’-†o-°æ¤púø’ °æE-´·ô’d NJT§Ú®·çC.)

★ Be that as it may = that may be true (ÅCEï´’-¢Ìyîª’a, é¬F)Eg: Be that as it may, I don't understand

why it should worry you. (ÅC Eï¢Ë’é¬´îª’a, é¬F ÅC EØÁoç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÇçüÓ-∞¡†°æ®Ω’-≤Úhç-üÓ Ø√éπ®Ωnç é¬´úøç ™‰ü¿’)

★ While that being so = Though that is so(ÅC Å™« Ö†o-°æp-öÀéÃ)Eg: While that being so, I don't see how

I am responsible for it. (ÅC Å™« Ö†o-°æp-öÀéÃ/ ÅC Å™« Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ, üΔEéÀØËØÁ™« ¶«üμ¿’u-úÕØÓ Ø√éπ®Ωnç é¬´-úøç-™‰ü¿’.)

Q: Sir, please explain the meanings of belowwords in Telugu.1. Casualty 2. Impetus 3. Headway 4. Wrest 5. Absconder 6. Flagship 7. Vie 8. Vanquish 9. Anticipate 10. Lodge

A: 1) Casualty = A person killed or injuredin an accident / a person badly affect-ed by an incident (v°æ´÷-ü¿ç™ ´’%AîÁçü¿úøç/ Bv´çí¬ í¬ßª’-°æ-úøôç.)

2) Impetus = i) The force / energy withwhich a body moves (´Ææ’h´¤ éπC-™‰-ô-°æ¤púø’üΔE-èπ◊çúË ¨¡éÀh.)ii) Something that causes something to

happen or happen faster. (äéπ Ææç°∂æ’-ô†ïJ-Ííç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÉçéÓ Ææç°∂æ’-ô† é¬®Ω-ù-´’-´úøç.)

3) Headway = Progress 4) Wrest = Pull something from the hands of

a person (•©-´ç-ûªçí¬ ™«éÓ\-´úøç)5) Absconder = One who escapes (ûª°œpç-îª’-

èπ◊E §ƒJ-§Ú-ßË’-¢√úø’)6) Flagship = i) Ship used by the comman-

der of a group of ships, and carrying theflag of the commander. (Ø√´© Ææ´‚-£æ…-EéÀ´·çü¿’çúË ÅCμ-é¬J Ø√´, üΔE ñ„çú≈ûÓ)ii) The best product that a company

makes, or the most important of thecompanies in a group. (äéπ éπçÂ°F Öûªp-Ah™ Åûª’u-ûªh-´’-¢Á’içC/ éπçÂ°-F© Ææ´‚-£æ«ç-™E Åûª’u-ûªh´’ éπçÂ°F)

7) Vie = Compete (§ÚöÃ îËßª’úøç)8) Vanquish = Defeat (ãúÕç-îªúøç)9) Anticipate = Imagine or expect some-

thing will happen (ï®Ω-í∫-¶-ßË’C Ü£œ«ç-îªúøç)10) Lodge = i) A place where people stay

temporarily (Nv¨»çA / ´ÆæA)ii) File a case against somebody (á´-J-

O’-üÁjØ√ ÍéÆæ’ Â°ôdúøç.)

- Tejaswini

Q: Sir, can you please explainme the meaning of sen-tence "Dogs got personali-ty. Personality goes a longway."

A: Explain should always befollowed by 'to'. Your sentence should be,'Can you explain to me'.

★ Now about your doubt: Dogs have got per-sonality (not, dogs got personality) = A doghas its own characteristics or qualities thatform its own character that is different fromthe other dogs. These characteristics thatmake it successful (= go a long way.)

- Amaravadi Siddhu

Q: Sir, what is the meaning of 'to make bothends meet'?

A: To earn enough money to spend on thebasic needs of life / for the family to get on(@´†ç í∫úø-´-ú≈-EéÀ ÆæJ-§ÚßË’ úø•’s, N’í∫’©’™‰èπ◊çú≈.)

- Ramya Gunti

Q: Sir, could you please explain the meaningsin Telugu.

1) Camouflage 2) Basic Instinct

3) Raiders of the lost ark

A: Camouflage = Animals and reptiles adopt-ing the colour of the surroundings, so thattheir enemies might not recognize themeasily (ïçûª’-́ ¤©’, °æèπ~◊©’ ™«çöÀN ûª´’ ¨¡vûª’-́ ¤-©èπ◊ éπE-°œç-îª-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊, °æJ-Ææ-®√© ®Ωçí∫’-©ûÓ éπL-Æœ-§Ú-´úøç.)

★ Basic Instinct = ÅÆæ-™„j† é¬®Ωù«©’ éπ°œp-Â°öÀd ¢ËÍ®≤ƒèπ◊-™‰¢Ó îÁ°æpúøç.

★ Raiders of the lost ark = ÂÆjE-èπ◊©’ ûª´’ P®Ω-≤ƒY-ù«-©èπ◊ Çèπ◊©’ Â°ô’d-éÓ-´úøç, Åúø-´¤™x ûª´’ ÖEéÀûÁL-ßª’-èπ◊çú≈, îÁô’x ÅØË v¶μº´’ éπL-Tç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊.

- Nandan, Durgarao

Q: Sir, please explain the following. I sometimes observed 'as' followingword 'elected' and sometimes not.Please brief me usage of 'as' and othersimilar cases.

A: Strictly speaking 'elect' is not fol-lowed by 'as', but nowadays, 'elect as'is also accepted.

Q: Could you please explain the usage of fol-lowing words.1. Among and amongst2. Due to and owing to3. In spite and despite4. Although and though

A: 1) Among = amongst. 2) 'Due to' and 'owing to' - In the present day

English both due to and owing to meanbecause of. Formerly, the rule was that weshould not begin a sentence with 'due to',but nowadays it has become common andis therefore accepted as correct.

3) In spite of = despite. 4) Although = even though = though. Q: The below sentence is in indirect speech.

But it did not have the word 'that'. Why?'It claimed they had taken undue benefit ofover Rs.3 crore'.

A: Omission of that before statements in indi-rect speech has become common nowa-days and is not wrong, so long as themeaning is clear.

- Ravuru Narasaiah, Puducherry

Q: Sir, what is the difference between'Implications and Consequences'?

A: Implication = i) Indirectly saying some-thing without saying it directly.ii) The effect that something might have in

future. ★ Consequences = Entering others' area by

force / competitors affecting others' business.

Among, amongst ûË-ú≈..?

- S.Raja Sekhar, Kakinada.

Q: Sir, what is the meaning of 'undertaking'and what is the purpose of giving an under-taking letter?

A: Undertaking = i) a job, business or piece ofwork (´’†ç îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ ä°æ¤p-èπ◊†o °æE.)Eg: Providing shelter to so many is a big

undertaking. / The construction of sucha big hotel is certainly a large and com-plex undertaking.

ii) A formal promise (´÷öÀ-´yúøç)Eg: I undertake to pay the fee in full even

if my son discontinues studies in themiddle. (´÷ Å¶«s®· ´’üμ¿u™ îªü¿’´¤´÷ØË-ÆœØ√ °∂‘-V °æ‹Jhí¬ éπúø-û√-†E ´÷öÀ-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’.)

- Kantipudi Kameswara Rao, Mortha.

Q: Sir, usually we use PREPOSITION beforea Noun or Pronoun. The cat is on thebench. Here ON is a preposition. But, inthe sentence I am going to Hyderabad tosee my parents. - Kindly explain to beforeHyderabad and 'to' before see.

A: In, 'To Hyderabad', 'to' is a preposition. In'to see my parents', 'to' in 'to see' is a partof the infinitive.

- Yugan, Rajahmundry.

Q: Sir, please let me know the basic meaningand difference among these groups.1. Terrorist 2. Naxalite3. Maoist 4. Militant

A: 1) Terrorist = Terrorist is one who createsviolence and bloodshed for politicalpurposes (Bv -́¢√C)

2) Naxalite = A naxalite tries to bring aboutchange in society and the government byviolence (£œ«çÆæ, ®Ωéπh-§ƒ-ûªçûÓ Ææ´÷-ïç™ ´÷®Ω’pBÆæ’-èπ◊-®√-í∫-©-´’-†’èπ◊-ØË ¢√∞¡Ÿx.)

3) Maoist = Maoist is one who follows theprinciples of Mao Ze Dong, the Chinesecommunist leader.

4) Militant = Active and determined and will-ing to use force to bring about a changethey desire (Bv -́¢√-ü¿’©’).

- Madhu, Kurnool

Q: Sir, can we say like this in English?1. I am given books always (-Ø√èπ◊ °æ¤Ææhé¬-©’ -

á°æ¤p--úø÷ -ÉÆæ’hç-ö«®Ω’.)2. I am said work always (-Ø√èπ◊ -á°æ¤p---úø÷ °æ-E

-îÁ-•’-ûª’ç-ö«®Ω’.)A: 1) Correct.

2) I am told to work always.

M. SURESAN

- Bangaru Naidu, Vizianagaram.

Wrest:

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 24 -V-™„j 2016 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2




Vocabulary

- J Satya, Hyderabad

Q: Sir, please explain Parts ofSpeech, their definitions, typeswith examples in detail. I amconfused in using adverb,adjectives and preposition. Irequest you to please explainon this in detail.

A: Any good grammar book can explain toyou the parts of speech with suitableexamples.

a) The adjective is a word which describesthe quality of a person, place, thing or ani-mal. (í∫’ù«Eo, ©éπ~-ù«Eo ûÁL-Ê°- °æü¿ç.)

Eg: A tall man. Here 'tall' tells us about thenoun, man. So 'tall' is an adjective.

b) The adverb is a word / words which addsto or increases the meaning of the verb.(Verb ûÁLÊ° °æEE á™« ïJ-TçC ÅE ûÁL-Ê°Cadverb.)

Eg: He walks slowly. Here 'slowly' is theadverb because it adds to the meaning ofwalks. He walks how? - The answer isslowly. So slowly is an adverb.

★ Most (not all) adverbs end in '-ly'. He singswell. 'Well' here is an adverb because ittells us about the verb, sing.

c) Prepositions are words which is used beforeor after a word, to show its relationship with

the other words in the sentence.(Prepositions -Åç-õ‰ äéπ °æü¿ç ´·çü¿’-é¬F, ûª®√yûª é¬F ´îËa *†o ´÷ô©’ –´·êuçí¬ verb in the sentence èπ◊ -N’-T-L-† °æüΔ-©èπ◊ Öç-úË ¨¡•l ≤ƒnØ√Eo ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC.)Eg: i) He is in Kolkata - in this

sentence, the preposition,'in' links (connects) 'He is'with Kolkata.

ii) He looked into the room. 'Into' here isa preposition which links the 'room'with the other part of the sentence, 'Helooked'.

- P. Prakash

Q: Sir, please explain the following sen-tences. 1) He would make a better engineer than

lawyer.2) He would make a better statesman than

a philosopher (would make.)A: 1) He would be more fit / suitable to be an

engineer than to be a lawyer.2) He would be more fit / suitable as a

statesman than as a philosopher.

- Narayana Swamy, Nandyal

Q: Sir, please explain the meaning of theword 'Laborious efforts'.

A: Effort = A strong attempt. Laboriouseffort = An attempt which needs a lot ofhard work, patience and time.

Two lakh rupee project..?

M. SURESAN

1. Retain = Keep back with you / continue tohave something (-´’-†-ü¿í∫_Í® -Öç--îª’éÓ-´-úøç.)

Eg: i) We retain half of the ticket until themovie is over.

ii) She still retains control over the busi-ness. (-Ç -¢√u-§ƒ®Ωç-O’-ü¿ -Å-ü¿’°æ¤ -Ç-¢Á’èπ◊ç-C.)

Retain × Surrender (-É-ûª®Ω’-©èπ◊ -´-¨¡°æ®Ω-îª-úøç)/give away (-É-´y-úøç/ -´-ü¿’-©’éÓ-´-úøç)

2. Tempt = Attract into doing somethingwrong (-v°æ-™-¶μº°æ®Ω-îª-úøç.)Eg: Indians often bribe officers to tempt

them into doing them a favour. Tempt × Repel (-A®ΩÆæ \-Jç-îª-úøç)

★ Temptation = Attraction towards somethingbad or immoral (-Çéπ®Ω{-ù.)Temptation × repulsion (-Néπ®Ω{-ù)

3. Curb = Check / control (-Å-ü¿’°æ¤-™ -Öç-îª-úøç)Eg: The government is unable to curb cor-

ruption in government offices. (v°æ¶μº’ûªyé¬®√u-©-ßª÷™x ÅN-FA-E v°æ¶μº’ûªyç Åü¿’-°æ¤™Öçîª-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûÓçC.)

Curb × Encourage / aid / assist (v§Úûªq-£œ«ç-îªúøç/ ≤ƒßª’-°æ-úøôç)

4. Manual = Done with the human hands(îËûª’-©ûÓ ûªßª÷®Ω’ îËßª’úøç.)Eg: These saris are all manual products.

(É´Fo îËûª’-©ûÓ ûªßª÷-®Ω’-îË-Æœ-†N, ßª’çvû√-©ûÓ é¬ü¿’.)

Manual × Automatic (´’E≠œ v°æ¢Ë’ßª’ç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ßª’çvû√-©ûÓ ûªßª÷-®Ω-ßË’uN.)

5. Miser = A person who does not spendmoney even on necessities. Miser × Spendthrift

Q: Sir, could you please explain the meaningand usage of the following.1) Was to be + PP2) Deemed to be + PP3) Deemed to have been + PP4) Be it so

A: 1) Was to be = Expected to be, but not /should have been but not. (Öçú≈-LqçCé¬F, ™‰ü¿’)

Eg: He was to be here yesterday = Wethought he would be here / should havebeen yesterday but he was not. (E†oÅûª†’ Ééπ\úø Öçú≈-LqçC, é¬F ™‰úø’.)

2) Deem = Consider (°æJ-í∫-ùÀç-îªúøç), Deemed tobe = considered to be (°æJ-í∫-ùÀ-Ææ’h†o.)Eg: i) Certain great educational institu-

tions in the country are deemed (tobe) universities.

ii) He is deemed fit for the job. (Åûª†’Ç ÖüÓu-í¬-EéÀ Å®Ω’|úË ÅE ¶μ«N-Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’.)

3) Deemed to have been = Considered in thepast. (í∫ûªç™ °æJ-í∫-ùÀç-îË-¢√®Ω’.)Eg: He was deemed to have been a great

freedom fighter. (ÅûªEo íÌ°æp ≤ƒyûªçvûªuÆæ´’®ΩßÁ÷üμ¿’--úÕí¬ °æJ-í∫-ùÀç-îË-¢√®Ω’.)

4) Be it so = Let it be so (Å™« ÖçúøF/ ûªüμΔÆæ’h.)

- Ajay, Karimnagar

- Pullaiah Gadesina, Kurnool

Q: Sir, please explain the meanings andusage of following words?No longer; No more; Not any; Not any more

A: No longer = No more = Not any longer= Not any more (Éçé¬ ™‰ü¿’ / Éçéπ ™‰ü¿’)

★ Not any = None (á´®Ω÷ ™‰®Ω’)

- Vijay Murram

Q: Sir, what is the difference between 'Itis finished' and 'It has been finished'?

A: It is finished = It has been finished.However, when you say that it isfinished, the importance is for 'it' andwhen you say that it has beenfinished, the importance is for thefinishing.

- Srikanth Reddy

Q: Sir, please give the meaning and antonymsof following words: 1) Embark 2) Negotiate 3) Persuade 4) Prevail 5) Disavow

A: All these words have more than one mean-ing, and it is not possible here to give theantonyms of all the meanings. Theantonyms given here are for the most com-mon meanings:


Q: Sir, how to differentiate rupee and rupeesand lakh, lakhs?

A: When you talk about the price of some-thing you use rupees (plural.) Eg: The project costs two lakh rupees.

★ When you talk about the value of some-thing in terms of money, you use rupee. Eg: It is a two lakh rupee project.

★ Similarly the book costs Rs.300 / It is athree hundred rupee book.

- Paddu Sambangi

Q: Sir, as you know there are some letters thatcomes silent or we wont spell when we readin that word. I would like to know what arethat letters and how to identify easily? Isthere any important points to remember?

A: No rules which letter in which word issilent. It depends on the language fromwhich the word entered English language.Very difficult to know this. All that you cando is when you come across a new word,look up the dictionary for the pronunciation.

Q: Sir, please translate the below sentencesinto English.1. -´÷- §ƒ°æ-E -ûª-ßª÷®Ω’ -îËÆæ’h-Ø√o-†’.2. -´÷ -¶«-•’èπ◊ ≤ƒ-o-†ç -îË°œÆæ’h-Ø√o-†’-.3. -´÷ -§ƒ°æèπ◊- -vúÁÆˇ -¢ËÆæ’h-Ø√o-†’.4. -Ø√ -≠æ‡ --ûÁ-Tç-C.5. -Ø√ -îÁ®·u -ûÁ-Tç-C (small wound on the

hand while cooking or something likethat)

A: 1) I am getting my child ready. 2) I am giving a bath to my little son. 3) I am having / getting our baby dressed

up.4) My shoe is damaged. 5) My hand was injured / I injured my

hand while cooking. Q: I am taking maths class to some students

so, after completion of the class whether Ihave to ask "understood?" or "under-stand?" And what should be the answerby students "understood?" or "under-stand?" - Please explain.

A: The proper question is, 'Understand?'which is a part of the question, 'Do youunderstand?'

★ The proper answer from the studentswould be: 'Yes, we do, ma'am' or, 'Sorry,we don't, ma'am'.

- Ankita Patra

Q: Sir, please let me know the subtle differ-ence between assumption and presump-tion.

A: Assume and presume both mean the same- to suppose, to take for granted.However, presume is based on some evi-dence or proof, whereas assume is merelywhat we suppose - it has no basis. Inshort, presume has better chances of beingtrue than assume.

- Parepalli satyanarayana, Konayapalem

Q: Sir, I would like to know about any easi-est way to find "ie" and "ei" formingwords? Eg: hierarch / height etc.

A: English spelling being illogical there is noway to find out the words with 'ie' and 'ei.'

Words' commonest Antonymsmeanings

1. Start / launch

2. Discuss some-thing with theidea of coming toan agreement.

3. Convince a per-son to do some-thing.

4. Conquer / win

5. Deny any respon-sibility for /not toaccept anyresponsibility forsomething.

Cease (stop)

Botch / mishandle

Dissuade (convince aperson not to dis-suade something).The doctor dissuadedhim from smoking.

Be defeated

Admit / accept(responsibility)

- Sireesha- N. Naresh

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 31 -V-™„j 2016 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2




- K.S. Vani, Visakhapatnam.

Q: Sir, please tell me the meaningsof the following in Telugu withexamples.

1) Leverage

2) Resonated with me

3) Morbid 4) Morbidity

5) Bristle at 6) Straddled

A: 1) Leverage = Power to influence peopleand get the result you want. (´’†èπ◊ Å†’-èπÿ-©çí¬ °∂æLûªç ´îËa-ôô’d v°æï-©†’ v°æ¶μ«-NûªçîËßª’úøç.)

Eg: If you were an officer you would havethe leverage for getting things done(O’®Ω’ ÅCμ-é¬J Å®·ûË O’èπ◊ é¬´-©-Æœ† °æ†’©’îË®·ç--îª’èπ◊ØË Å´-é¬¨¡ç ÖçC.)

2) Resonated with me = If an experience ormemory resonates with you it makes you

think of another similar experienceor memory. (äéπ Å†’-¶μº-¢√Eo í∫’Jç*Ç™-*-Ææ’hçõ‰, ÅüË ®Ωéπ-¢Á’i† ÉçéÓ Å†’-¶μº´ç´’†èπ◊ í∫’®Ω’hèπ◊ ®√´úøç.)

3) Morbid = Too interested inunpleasant subjects, especiallywith things like death (ü¿’”ê éπ®Ω-¢Á’i† Ç™-îª-†©’, ´·êuçí¬ -´’®Ω-ù«-EéÀÆæç•ç-Cμç-*† Ç™-îª-†™x ÇÆæéÀh)

4) Morbidity = The nature of being interestedin unpleasant subjects like death (´’%ûª’u-́ ¤èπ◊Ææç•ç-Cμç-*† Ç™-îª-†©’)

5) Bristle at = If anything especially thingslike hair bristle up, they stand up in fear /shock (®Ó´÷©’ Eéπ\-¶Ô-úø’-îª’-éÓ-́ úøç, ¶μºßª’ç-ûÓ-é¬E,Cví¬s¥ç-AûÓ é¬E)

6) Straddled = Stand with your legs apart onsomething (üËE-O’-üÁjØ√ È®çúø’ é¬∞¡Ÿx î√°œEçîÓúøç.)

Informal education -Åç-õ‰..?

M. SURESAN

1. Mercy = Compassion / pity (ñ«L/ ü¿ßª’)Eg: As the man was beating the boy, the

boy was begging for mercy. Mercy × Cruelty / ill will (-véı®Ωuç/ ü¿’®√t®Ω_ç)

2. Barbarous = Uncivilised / rude / brutal(ÅØ√-í∫-J-éπ-¢Á’i†)Eg: In the past punishments given to chil-

dren at school were barbarous.(í∫ûªç™ --§ƒ-®∏Ω-¨»-©-™x °œ©x© Péπ~©’ î√™«ÅØ√-í∫-J-éπçí¬ ÖçúËN.)

Barbarous × Refined / cultured (Ææç≤ƒ\-®Ω-´ç-ûª-¢Á’i†)

3. Instant = Immediate (ûªéπ~ùç)Eg: The instant dismissal of the student

shows his misbehaviour. (NüΔu-JnEûªéπ~ùç §ƒ®∏Ω-¨»-©-†’ç* °æç°œç-îË-ßª’úøç ÅûªEîÁúø’ †úø-´-úÕE ûÁL-ßª’-ñ‰-≤ÚhçC.)

Instant × Delayed (Ç©-Ææu-¢Á’i†)

4. Drizzle = Light rain falling in thin drops(¢√† ûª’ç°æ®Ω.)

Eg: The drizzle made us feel very pleas-ant. (¢√† ûª’ç°æ®Ω’x ´÷èπ◊ î√™« Ç£æ…x-ü¿-éπ-®Ωçí¬ ÖØ√o®·.)

Drizzle × Downpour

5. Relevant = Connected with what is beingdiscussed / what is written (Ææç•ç-Cμç-*†/Ææçü¿®Ωs¥̈ ¡ŸCl¥í¬ Ö†o.)

Eg: His advice to students was highly rel-evant. (Çßª’† NüΔu-®Ω’n-©èπ◊ É*a† Ææ©£æ…î√™« Ææçü¿-®Ós¥-*-ûªçí¬ ÖçC.)

Relevant × Inappropriate / unconnected(ÆæJ-é¬E/ Ææç•ç-üμ¿ç-™‰E)

Vocabulary

- P. Balamuralikrishna, Chittoor.

Q: Sir, please explain the following words inTelugu.1) Bare Act 2) Extent 3) Par 4) In & As 5) Does not arise 6) Nisi (pule) 7) Mulki

A: 1) Bare act = Only an Act (Öûªh îªôdç – N´-®Ω-ù©’ àO’ ™‰èπ◊çú≈.) The governmentpublishes in the gazette.

2) Extent = The degree of something (à ¢Ë’®Ωèπ◊)3) Par - Used as a part of the expression, 'on

a par with' = As good or as bad as some-thing else. (ÉçéÓ-üΔ-†çûª ´’ç*C é¬E, îÁúø’Cé¬E.) Par has other meanings as well.

4) In and as = Usually used in film advertise-ments. Eg: Rajinikanth in and as Kabali.(äéπ *vûªç™ äéπ §ƒvûª™ éπE-°œç-îªúøç.) That isthe star is acting in the film as Kabali.

5) Does not arise = Out of the question (Çv°æ¨Ïo ûª™„-ûªhü¿’)

6) Nisi = An order which is to be followedafter certain conditions are met.

7) Mulki - An urdu word meaning a local.

Q: Sir, please explain the following words inEnglish.1) •÷V (≤ƒMúø’ ´©x Éçöx ´îËaC) 2) í∫’çúø’ (ûª©-F-™«©’ Ææ´’-Jpç-îªúøç ´©x ´îËaC)

A: 1) Cobweb 2) Tonsure one's head

Q: What is the difference between Date &Dated?

A: Date = Day of the month, Dated = Of aboy and his girl-friend meeting in privacy.

Q: Sir, éÀç-C-¢√é¬u©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ-™éÀ Å†’-´-Cç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.1) áçúø™ ÖØ√o´¤ Fúø-™éÀ ®√.2) ÉC éÌçîÁç °æô’d-éÓçúÕ.

A: 1) You are in the sun, come into the shade.2) Hold it for a while.

- Malan Shareen Imran, Kothagudem.

Q: Corruption affects the quality of sociallife / lives of / in countries - Please cor-rect it.

A: Corruption affects social life / Corruptionaffects the lives of people - Correct.Social refers to the society in general andit is followed by life. (Singular = ≤ƒ-´÷->-éπ-@-´-†ç)

Q: Earning money in honest way/ in thehonest way is always to be appreciated/ is always appreciated. - Please clarify.

A: 'Earning money in an honest way is appre-ciated' and 'Earning money .... is to beappreciated' - both are correct with slight-ly different meanings. Earning money inan honest way is appreciated = We appre-ciate / Society appreciates earning moneyin an honest way. Earning money in anhonest way is to be appreciated = Weshould appreciate / society should appre-ciate earning money in an honest way.

Q: Proportion, Phenomenon and sustain -Please explain.

A: Proportion = Number / quantity of some-thing when compared with the whole.(-E-≠æp-Ah)

★ Sustain = i) Make something continue(éÌç-ûªé¬-©ç-§ƒ-ô’ éÌ-†≤ƒí∫-úøç / maintain forsome time (éÌç-ûªé¬-©ç-§ƒ-ô’ éÌ-†≤ƒÍí-C). Eg: The picture (movie) sustained theinterest of the audience till only the inter-val (N®√-´’-Ææ-´’ßª’ç ´®Ωèπ◊ vÊ°éπ~-èπ◊© ÇÆæ-éÀhE ÇÆœE´÷ E©-°æ-í∫-L-TçC.)ii) Support. Eg: Oxygen sustains life.

- N. Srinivasulu, Adoni.

Q: Sir, please explain the meaning of the fol-lowing words with examples.1) Formal education2) Informal education3) Non-formal education

A: Formal education is the regular educationone receives at educational institutions likeschools, colleges and universities. (§ƒ®∏Ω-¨»-©©’, éπ∞«-̈ »-©©’ ™«çöÀ-¢√-öÀ™ ©GμçîË Nü¿u.)

★ Informal education is the education onegets without studying in any educationalinstitution but from one's experiences oflife and self-effort. Informal education is alife-long process based on one's experi-ences of life. (§ƒ®∏Ω-̈ »-©©’ ™«çöÀ ¢√öÀ™xé¬èπ◊çú≈ Ææyv°æ-ßª’-ûªoçûÓ, @Nûª Å†’-¶μº-́ çûÓ §ÒçüËNü¿u)

★ Non-formal education is the education onegets through correspondence courses fromeducational institutions. (ü¿÷®Ω Nü¿u)

- V. Narasimha Rao, Ongole.

Q: Sir, please explain the following sentenceswith example.

1) Students have doubts, don't they?/haven't they?

2) Students have asked doubts, haven'tthey? / don't they?

3) You had a car, didn't you? / hadn't you?A: Students have doubts, don't they?- Correct.

Here 'have' is the main verb. Have = dohave. Do is the helping verb, and in a ques-tion tag, the helping verb is used. So ....don't they?' is correct. '.... haven't they?' iscorrect if the verb is, Have + V3 (past par-ticiple) Eg: They have gone, haven't they?, as it is

in your 2nd sentence: Students haveasked doubts, haven't they?

★ For the same reason given above, 'didn'tyou?' is correct, because 'had' in the sen-tence is the main verb = did have. So 'did'appears in the question tag.

- S.K. Sameer, Nandigama.

Q: Sir, please explain the following sentenceswith example.1) I was being taken 2) He is being taken3) I was taken4) He is taken5) I shall have been written

A: 1) I was being taken (í∫ûªç™ ØË†’ BÆæ’-Èé∞¡x•úø’ûª÷ ÖØ√o†’.) = Somebody was tak-ing me (in the past) (á´®Ó ††’o BÆæ’-Èé∞¡⁄hÖØ√o®Ω’ – í∫ûªç™)

2) He is being taken (Åûªúø’ BÆæ’Èé∞¡x •úø’-ûª’-Ø√oúø’– É°æ¤púø’) = Somebody is taking him(NOW) (á´®Ó ÅûªEo É°æ¤púø’ BÆæ’-Èé-∞¡Ÿh-Ø√o®Ω’)

3) Somebody took me (past) = (†ØÁo-´®Ó BÆæ’-Èé-∞«x®Ω’ – í∫ûªç™)

4) Someone takes him (now / regularly ) (Åûª-ØÁo-´®Ó BÆæ’-Èé-∞«h®Ω’ – É°æ¤púø’ / véπ´’ç ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈)

5) This is meaningless - DEéÀ Å®Ωnç ™‰ü¿’. DEÅ®Ωnç ØË†’ ®√ßª’-•-ú≈f†’ – ´’†ç ®√ßª’-•úøç éπüΔ?

- Dimple, Vijayawada.

Q: Sir, please explain about inversion of theverb in the following sentences. 1. There sits the beggar.2. I imagine that he will be here soon.3. I am remembering my parents. I think of

them everytime I hear that song.A: 'Explain about' is wrong. Explain is not

followed by about, and so are describe,discuss, mention, remark and state.

★ Inversion is the changing of the order ofwords in a sentence, as in 'No sooner did hecome here' instead of saying 'No sooner hecame here'. Similarly, 'Dame (girl) beauti-ful' instead of 'beautiful dame'. There sitsthe beggar (inversion) = The beggar sitsthere (normal word order).

★ I am remembering my parents .... This isWrong. Remember is not used in the con-tinuous tense. We say I remember my par-ents and I think of them every time I hearthat song.

Spoken English July - 2016

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Transcript of Spoken English July - 2016