Satellite monitoring of dust storms over southwest AsiaDr. Alireza Rashki
a.rashki@um.ac.ir
• According to the International Standardization Organization (ISO 4225 - ISO, 1994), Dust are small solid particles, below 75 μm in diameter, are suspended in the atmosphere.
• They mostly originating from the arid lands and desert regions.
• Dust cycle is an integral part of the Earth system
• Desert dust in recent years has grown increasingly and has important role in climate change of the world (Park and Jung, 2008).
• dust has direct effects on air pollution, disruption of Transportation
Systems, prevalence of respiratory disease (Samet et al., 2000Goudie , 2014
Dust sources regions
4
• (1) Great Basin, (2) Sonoran, (3) Chihuahua, (4) Peruvian, (5) Atacama, (6) Monte, (7) Patagonia, (8) Sahara, (9) Somali-Chabli, (10) Namib, (11) Kalahari, (12) Karroo, (13) Arabian, (14) Rub al Khali, (15) Turkestan, (16) Iranian, (17) Thar, (18) Taklimakan, (19) Gobi, (20) Great Sandy, (21) Simpson, (22) Gibson, (23) Great Victoria and (24) Sturt
Every year about 2,000 tons
Study area
• Remote sensing techniques are very effective in identifying and monitoring of dust emission (Badok et al.2009) and can specify and classify their scope and their affected areas.
• UV Aerosol Index (AI)
• It is an index that detects the presence of uv-absorbing aerosols such as dust
• AI = 100 [ log10 (I360/I331)measured - log10 (I360/I331)calculated]
• Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD)
• Aerosol Optical Depth" is the degree to which aerosols prevent the transmission of light by absorption or scattering of light.
Satellite data used in this study
Spectral band
Spectral resolution
PeriodSourceVariable Name
UV0.25° × 0.25°01/2005- 10/2014OMIUV Aerosol Index (OMTO3G.003)
555 nm0.5° × 0.5°03/2000- 11/2013MISR TerraAerosol Optical Depth (MIL3MAE v4)
550 nm1° × 1°07/2002- 09/2014Aqua-MODISAerosol Optical Depth (Deep Blue, Land-only) (MYD08_M3 v6)
550 nm1° × 1°03/2000- 12/2007Terra-MODISAerosol Optical Depth (Deep Blue, Land-only) (MOD08_M3 v6)
downloadable on relevant sites such as GIOVANII
“Wind 120 days” or “Lavar”
RegCM4 simulations of air temperature at near-ground level (945 hPa) during JJA 1990
12/7/2017 11
Distribution of frequency of annual dust storms over SW Asia.
12/7/2017 12
SW Asia (Middleton, 1986)
the Iranian Plateau
- one of the first wetlands in the
Ramsar Convention. Landsat MSS false color composite (bands 4, 2, and 1) images of the
Hamoun lakes (1976-1987). Landsat 7 ETM+ false color composite (bands 4,
3, and 2) for 1998-2003. 12/7/2017 13
14
Sistan
June 14, 2003
mass trajectories
The exceptional case of June 2008
Aqua MODIS true color images over Arabian Sea on days during the second half of
June 2008.
12/7/2017 19
1
2
Time series of AOD and AI (monthly mean values) from multiple satellite sensors over Sistan region (30-31º N, 61-62º E). The lower panel emphasizes the 2000s.
1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
1.2
1.6
2.0
2.4
2.8
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
D
Annual mean variation of AOD and AI for different satellite sensors and time periods over Sistan region (30-31º N, 61-62º E).
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jan July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
0.8
1.2
1.6
2.0
2.4
• ρAER(λ,θs,θv,Φ) = ρTOA(λ,θs,θv,Φ) - ρRAY(λ,θs,θv,Φ) -(T(θs)T(θv) ρs(λ,θs,θv,Φ) / 1- ρs(λ,θs,θv,Φ) S(λ))
• Band 4 (MOD02)
• Solar zenith
• Sensor zenith
13 July 2016
• Satellite images are useful tools for detecting dust
• Sistan region and Thar desert are two major resources of dust emission in South West Asia
• In the Sistan region detected several hot spots increasing dust in atmosphere.
• Seasonal lakes are major sources of dust emissions in the Sistan region
• High resolution dust Index specified dynamics of dust emissions