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Dr. Antonios Lontos, Assistant Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering

Frederick University, Cyprus, Email: eng.la@frederick.ac.cy

Presentation Title:

Design and construction of silicon lung and heart for the phantom

The project ΥΓΕΙΑ/ΔΥΓΕΙΑ/0311/27 (ΒΙΕ) is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund and the Republic of Cyprus through the Research Promotion Foundation.

1st INTERDISCIPLARY ONCOLOGY CONFERENCE

“DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY” 29th of March 2014, Nicosia - Cyprus

Project Title: Optimizing the Diagnostic Value in SPECT Myocardial Perfusion

Imaging under the influence of the respiratory motion

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Table of contents

1. Introduction

2. Image processing and 3D design

3. Design of the moulds

4. Construction of aluminum moulds for heart and lungs

5. Construction of silicon heart and lungs

6. Conclusions

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1. Introduction

The specificity of myocardial perfusion images (MPI) is influenced not only by the cardiac motion but also by various other parameters such as the respiratory motion Our scope was to develop a respiratory motion phantom, in order to study the influence the respiratory motion to MPI. We will also motion correct the images by independent reconstructions of each gated-frame followed by transformation of each image with respect to a reference image using known motion fields. Concluding on the influence the respiratory and diaphragmatic motion to MPI applying the proposed approach will result in the optimization of MPI protocols by the consortium physicians Further, the elaborated phantom will be used for Quality Assurance measurements to validate new protocols before implementation as well as for educational purposes

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2. Image processing and 3D design

The first step to construct a real lung is to know the exact geometry and shape. CT scan were conducted and various medical images of human thorax were collected.

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Thorax-CT flash-anatomy Total planes: 86

Lungs geometry after image processing

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Left lung geometry

Real lung geometry Schematic lung geometry

Real lung geometry after image processing

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Left lung geometry (volume 485 cm3)

Right lung geometry - (volume 569 cm3)

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Design of heart chamber

Volume for heart chamber (Initial 80 cm3)

Inner part

Outer part

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3. Design of the moulds

left lung assembly Right lung assembly

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Design of different parts of the left lung mould

Part 1 Part 2 Part 3

Part 4 Part 5 Part 6

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Assembly of left lung mould

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Part 1 Part 2 Part 3

Part 4 Part 5 Part 6

Design of different parts for the right lung mould

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Assembly of right lung mould

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Design of different parts for heart mould – Inner part

Inner part

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Design of different parts for heart mould – Outer part

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4. Construction of aluminum moulds for heart and lungs

In order to manufacture all different parts for the left and right mould a CNC machine has been used.

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Detail dimensions for part 5 left lung mould

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Preparation of the CNC manufacturing

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CNC manufacturing simulation

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4. Construction of aluminum moulds for heart and lungs

Aluminum parts of the left lung mould Part 1

Part 2 Part 3

Part 4 Part 5

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Aluminum parts of the left lung mould

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Aluminum parts of the right lung mould

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Assembly of the right lung mould

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Moulds for the heart - inner part

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Moulds for the heart – outer part

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5. Construction of silicon heart and lungs

Two different silicon rubber were used in order to construct left and right lungs. Special features (very good flow, excellent mould release; usually no further release agent required, fast and non-shrink cure at room temperature which, can be accelerated considerably by the application of heat, medium Shore A hardness (approx. 40), good transparency of the cured rubber, high tear strength, outstanding resistance to casting resins, particularly, polyurethanes and epoxies, for long service life of the molds.

Elastosil M 4645 A/B, , RTV-2 Silastic 3481

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Silicone mixing (component A+B)

Silicone parameters - Color - Density - Viscosity - Hardness - Elongation at break - Tear strength

Injection of silicon rubber into the lung moulds

Silicon injection mechanism Injection procedure

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Injection of silicon rubber into the lung moulds

Left lung mould Silicon left lung with bubbles

Vacuum pump and chamber After mixture preparation 5-10 min in vacuum chamber

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Silicon left and right lungs

Left lung

Right lung from white silicon rubber

Right lung

White silicon rubber White and transparent silicon rubber

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Cage construction for better simulation of the respiratory motion

Thermoplastic cage Thermoplastic cage with silicon lungs

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Transparent cardiac and respiratory phantoms within the anthropomorphic phantom stabilized by a tissue-equivalent support (proper distances and inclinations)

Shaped thermoplastics were sewed around the lungs to keep the right shape during inhalation

Lung-equivalent material inserted in the lungs

Phantom and lungs stabilization

Tissue-equivalent support

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Silicon heart final construction, transparent silicon

Inner part Outer part

Inner part Outer part

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Inner part testing

Outer part testing

NO pressure With pressure

NO pressure With pressure

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Silicon heart final assembly and testing

NO pressure With pressure

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Respiratory movement

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Heart movement

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Phantom

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The project ΥΓΕΙΑ/ΔΥΓΕΙΑ/0311/27 (ΒΙΕ) is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund and the Republic of Cyprus through the Research Promotion Foundation.

Thank you for your attention

The author would like to thank: - Yiannis Parpottas, Ph.D. in Nuclear Physics - Isabelle Chrysanthou, Ph.D. in Medical Physics - Antonis Antoniou, Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering

and - Panayi Panayiotis (CNC manufacturing , Moulds Construction) “Machinery Panagiotis J. Panagi”