Presentation on the normalization channels
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Transcript of Presentation on the normalization channels
Search for signal in B->D(*)ππlν
channel in BaBar data
- Ruturaj ApteIIT Bombay,
IndiaWorking under
Prof. Robert KowalewskiThomas Lueck
Outline
● Motivation for studying semileptonic decays
● Motivation for our search for the D(*)ππlν channel
● Some details about the experiment
● Reconstruction of the Btag
meson
● Introduction to “normalization modes” and how they help in reducing the uncertainties in the final branching fraction calculation
● Multi variate fisher analysis
● Fitting of components
Motivation for studying semileptonic decays
● In the Standard Model, the CKM matrix helps describe CP violation in weak interactions involving quarks of different flavors.
● Precise determination of these matrix elements is crucial for a stringent test of the SM and for reducing theoretical uncertainties in the many New Physics searches with flavor.
● Semileptonic B decays are used to measure the matrix element |Vcb
|
● According to Babar measurements, the experimental estimate for the quantity
BF(B->D(*)τν)/BF(B->D(*)lν) shows a deviation of 3.3σ from the SM prediction. The channel we are looking for is a background for the above search and depending on our result the above 3.3σ deviation can increase or decrease.
Motivation for our search
● The sum of the Branching Fractions for all the known exclusive semileptonic decays of the B meson do not match the inclusive B->X
clν Branching Fraction. The Branching fractions are :
B -> Dlν : 2.30 (+/-) 0.1
B -> D*lν : 5.34 (+/-) 0.12
B -> D**lν : 1.64 (+/-) 0.18
Inclusive B->Xclν : 10.91 (+/-) 0.14
● Gap between exclusive and inclusive : 1.63 (+/-) 0.3
Y(4S) resonance and need for a Btag
● The asymmetric e+e- B factories operate at a center of momentum(CM) energy of E = 10.58 GeV
● This energy corresponds to the mass of the Y(4S) resonance, a
bound state and it then decays almost exclusively to approx equal numbers of and B+B- pairs.
● The B mesons are almost at rest in the Y(4S) frame
● No other additional particles are produced.
B0 B̄0
b b̄
Y(4S) resonance and need for a Btag
● The decay products of the B and antiB overlap completely in the detector.
● The vertex resolution is not good enough to unambiguously assign charged tracks
● Hence a kinematic reconstruction one of the B mesons in a fully reconstructed decay mode is needed to assign particles to the B and anti-B
● The characteristic semileptonic decay is searched by identifying a reconstructed track left by an electron or a muon with CM momentum > 0.6 GeV
Event Reconstruction Technique
● A total of 2968 separate decay chains are considered in the reconstruction of the B
tag.
● One of the independant variables used to study the Btag
reconstruction is “delta E” which is the energy difference between the reconstructed and expected energy of the Bmeson.
Delta E = ErecB
– (Ecms
of the colliding beams)/2
● Energy substituted B mass (mESB) =
mESB = sqrt(E2/4 – PB
2)
E = CM energy of the colliding beams
PB = three vector momentum of the B meson.
Event Reconstruction Technique
● After that a D(*) meson is reconstructed using a subset of D meson decay modes.
● While looking for decays with an added pion, we look for an extra pion track which has not been used for any reconstruction.
● The percentage of Y(4S) decays with a lepton that give an acceptable B
tag reconstruction is only about 0.5%
● We do not want to rely on the MC to estimate our Btag
reconstruction
efficiency
Delta E Plot for B->Dlν signal side
MESB Plot for B->Dlν
Normalization Modes
● The estimate of the systematic uncertainty related to differences in the efficiency for reconstructing the B
tag in data and MC is
non trivial.
● Thus we use a sample of B->D(*)lnu as normalization modes in order to cancel out these uncertainties.
Efficiency calculation
● Signal Efficiency is defined as the number of signal events reconstructed divided by the number of signal events actually produced in the detector.
● We estimate this efficiency from the MC samples
● Efficiency = Nsig,mc
/ (NBBbar,MC
*bf*2)
Nsig,mc
= Signal yield from MC
NBBbar,MC
= Total BBbar events generated in MC
bf = Branching Fraction of the signal decay mode put in during MC generation of the events
Calculation of the Branching Fraction
● Once we extract the signal yield from the fit, we can continue to estimate the branching fraction.
● BF = Nsig,data
/ ( εtag
*εsig
* NBBbar,data
)
εtag
= efficiency of the Btag
reconstruction
εsig
= efficiency of reconstruction on signal side
Nsig,data
= signal yield from the fit
NBBbar,data
= Number of B,Bbar events from the data
How it will help in our final BF calculation
● We need to cancel out the uncertainties that arise due to systematic uncertainty related to differences in the efficiency for reconstructing the B
tag i.e. ε
tag
● BF(B->DPiPilnu)/BF(B->D(*)lnu) = Nsig
* εsig,norm
/ εsig
* Nnorm
● The BF(B->D(*)lnu) is taken from the well measured BFs of these modes.
● We thus cancel out the εtag
assuming it is the same for both,
the signal and normalization modes.
Variables of Interest● (Missing mass)2 : missing mass square for a particular decay say
B->(D(*)lν + nπ) is defined as :
(mmiss
)2 = (Py – P
Btag - P
D(*) – P
l - P
pions )2
should peak at 0 for signal
● plep_cms : momentum of the lepton in the cms frame.
● mESB : sqrt(E2/4 - PB
2)
where E is the total CM energy and PB
is the momentum of the B meson.
Variables of Interest
● Delta E = ErecB
– (Ecms
of the colliding beams)/2 should peak around 0 for correctly reconstructed B
tag.
● Extra Energy : The total energy of all the neutral particles and photons that have not been used for reconstruction of any particle
● Unmatched neutral : Number of neutral particles that have not been used in any reconstruction.
● Charged multiplicity : number of charged particles used in the reconstruction of the B
tag candidate.
Variables of Interest
● CosThrustB : the cosine of the thrust angle of the Btag
candidate
with respect to the rest of the event.
● MoltNB : number of neutral particles that have been used to reconstruct the B
tag.
● Fox2CT : A variable that measures the event shape. It is close to 1
if the event is jetlike and close to 0 for a spherical event.
Why they are useful
Cuts applied
● Flavor correlation between D and B.
● Charge Flavor correlation between the D and the lepton
● 5.27GeV < mESB < 5.29GeV
● Momentum of lepton in cms frame > 0.6GeV
● -2GeV < mm2 < 2GeV
● Total charge of the event has to be 0.
● Total charge of the D meson and added pions has to be <=1
Multivariate Analysis
● The method of Fisher discriminants was used to reduce the background levels
● The variables used for the fisher tuning were
ExtraEnergy,mESB,unmatched neutral multiplicity, multiplicity of charged particles in B
tag reconstruction, absolute value of cosine of
Thrust angle of Bmeson with the rest of the event ,
Fox2CT, multiplicity of neutral particles in Btag.
● A different Fisher cut expression was obtained for each decay
mode increasing the significance of the data.
(Missing mass)2 plot for B->Dlν
Improvement in signal to background ratio
● We quantify the signal/background ratio using a quantity called
significance
Significance = S/ sqrt(S+B)
S : number of signal events
B : number of background events
● Significance of the mm2 plot without the fisher tuning = 164.432
● Significance after the fisher tuning = 171.106
● Improvement is not very drastic since these decay modes are already quite clean
Similar analysis done for the B->Dπlν
Improvement due to Fisher Tuning
● Initial significance with D** that is the D1, D
1' , D
0 , D
2 as the
signal and all other components as background is
= 15.80
● Significance after fisher tuning
= 21.38
● An increase of 35.31%
● This analysis was repeated for B -> D(*)πlν and
B -> D(*)ππlν for charged as well as neutral D mesons.
B ->D*+ππlν
Improvement due to Fisher
● Significance before the Fisher cuts :
19.6025
● Significance after the Fisher cuts :
22.76
● An increase by 16%
Fitting to the (missing mass)2
● Used the RooFit package for fitting
● Did an unbinned maximum likelihood fit for the data.
● The components that were fitted were:
1. Dlnu
2. D*lnu
3. D**lnu
4. Other BBbar decays
5. Continuum events ( e+e- -> qqbar ; q != b)
✔ Used 2 types of fit methods : one by extracting histogram pdfs from the MC histograms and other using RooKeysPdf which gives a smooth pdf
Fit Plots for B -> D+lν
Fit Plots for B -> D+lν
Final Fit for B -> D+lν
Results of the fit● Signal Yields for the normalization mode calculated from the
fit are :
D0lν = 8365.84 +/- 135.485
D+lν = 3671.78 +/- 86.834
D*0lν = 12052.4 +/- 143.713
D*+lν = 5498.93 +/- 84.4648
● Signal reconstruction efficiencies :
εsig
(D0lν) = 0.077 %
εsig
(D+lν) = 0.014%
εsig
(D*0lν)= 0.123%
εsig
(D*+lν) = 0.022%
Conclusion
● The normalization modes have been measured to get their signal yields and to get the signal efficiencies for the individual decay modes.
● We now need to fit to the 2 pion cases using the MC generated samples for DΠΠlν to get the signal yield and the efficiencies for this channel.
● We then use the double ratio formula to get our final Branching Fraction.