PHYSICAL -- Properties1. Can be observed, measured w/o chemically Δing composition

2. Size, color, taste, odor, conduct heat/electricity

3. Can be determined w/o Δing identity of the material

4. No new substs. are formed

5. Substs. can be mixed in any proportion

6. Change of state: melt ice (solid to liquid), grate cheese

CHEMICAL -- Properties1. Flammability, digestible, explosive

2. Diff. subst. w/ new properties are formed

3. Chem. Rxn.: process that Δes chemical identity of material

4. Describes behavior of material in rxns. that Δ its identity

M A T T E R

Anything that has mass & takes up space (vol)

3 different phases:change of state orphase change

GAS

LIQUID

SOLID

Solid ------------------------------------------------> Gas

Describe characteristicsfor each state ????

SUBLIMINATION

MATTER

HOMOGENEOUSMATERIAL

MIXTURES

PURESUBSTANCES

COMPOUNDS ELEMENTS

SOLUTIONS

HETEROGENEOUS MATERIAL

MATTER

Are properties & compositionuniform; one kind throughout?NO

Mixture Pure Substance

PhysicalChange

Is separation by chem. rxn.into simpler subst. possible?YES

NO

Compound Element

Chemical

Change

YESHeterogeneous Homogeneous

Sand, iron filings,wood chips, salt

Solutions may be:

• solids, liquids, or gases• liquids only• liquids or gases • none of the above

solids, liquids, or gases

CHEMICAL SYMBOLS

H; Sn; W; He --

First letter is always CAPITALIZEDCAPITALIZED

Second letter, if present, always lower caselower case

He not HE

symbols are of 1 or 2 letters

Na not NA

COMPOUND or MOLECULE ????

CMPD: subst. combined w/ metal + nonmetalNaCl; SnNO3; Fe(OH)2; BaI2

MOLECULE: subst. combined w/ nonmetals

C2H6; CH3COOH; HCl; P2Cl5

CHEMICAL EQUATION

Write As: Reactant(s) ------- Product(s) STARTINGSUBSTANCE(S)

Approx. 110 elements 90 naturally occurring; U, uranium, last

17 nonmetals – rgt. side of p.table7 (or 8) metalloids80 metals – left side of p.table

NEW SUBSTANCE(S)

ELEMENTS

H: Hydrogen He: Helium O: Oxygen Mg: Magnesium

Na: Sodium (Natrium) Fe: Iron (Ferrum)

METAL

Usually solids @ room temp. Shine w/ a luster,metallic luster

Malleable: able to behammered, poundedinto shape, deformw/o breaking

Ductile: to stretch when pulled,form into a wire

CHARACTERISTICS OF ELEMENTS

NONMETALSMETALLOIDSMETALS

Conducts heat & electricity 70%+ of the elements

Form alloys w/ other metals

Brass Bronze : Cu + Sn

Steel : Fe + C

: Cu + Zn

METAL

NONMETALSNo luster or shine

Not malleableNot ductile

Form molecules w/ each otheror other elements

Form molecules w/ each otheror other elements

METALLOIDSProperties similar to metals & nonmetals

Conduct electricity, semiconductor propertiesBut, more like nonmetals

Boron, Silicon, Arsenic, Tellurium,Astatine, Germanium, Antimony, ““PoloniumPolonium””

B; Si; As; Te; At; Ge; Sb; “PoPo””

DIATOMICS

These components must be put to memory

Become extremely useful in writing rxn. equations

N O

BrF Cl

I

When these subst. occur by themselves, not attached with another element,

exist only in pairs rather than single atoms

HH22 NN22 OO22

FF22ClCl22 BrBr22

II22

H

Occur when isolated alone, not part of a cmpd

H

Hyrdorgen + Oxygen ----- Water

O

H2 H2OO2

+

+

H2O

Properties that describe the way a substance will react to form other substances are known as:

chemical properties. physical properties. homogeneous properties. heterogeneous properties.

chemical properties

When nitric acid is added to a test tube containing

copper, nitrogen dioxide gas is formed. This is the result of:

an accident a chemical reaction a physical change an extensive property

a chemical reaction