2013

2012 ( ) ii 2013 ISBN 978-9963-0-7050-3 ISBN 978-9963-0-7053-4 iii

/ 1 1 2 10 3 27 4 37 5 56 663 7 68 8 79 988 10 94 11 101 1 113 2 122 3 / 135 4 , 149 5 158 6 175 7 - 195 8 213 9 238 10250 11 257 1 266 2 / 273 3 , 278 4 283 5 293 6 306 7 314 8 318 9 327 iv / 1 335 2 343 3 358 4 366 5 379 6 394 7 /416 8 -426 9 439 10 448 11 -453 12 452 13477 14 487 15 497 16 - 505 17 514 1 523 2 , 531 3 540 4 / 546 5 552 6 / 565 7 577 8 591 9 601 10 620 11627 12 638 13 647 14 654 15 662 16 - 679 17 689 v / 1 701 2 , 707 3 712 4 / 718 5 724 6 730 7 744 8 748 9 755 vi vii , 27 2006 , ( ) . . 2013 2012 ( ). , , , , .,, . 2013 2012 . . viii : : (2) (30) , , , Steiner , () 1 ( ) Boyle Mariotte () ( ) (Thermodynamics) - 2 2012 () : : , 22 2012 11:00 13:30 (, , ) (7) . :

. . ( 6 7) 32 2m1m2m014kN16kN6 kNB F : - (12) . (4) 1 - 6 . 1.1 5 m. : ()Mbmax =56 kNm ()Mbmax =28 kNm()Mbmax=14 kNm ()Mbmax =36 kNm 1 2. : () () () () 3.1,5m. :( = 1000 kg/m3, g = 9,81 m/s2) ()P = 17450 N/m2 ()P = 15x104 Nm ()P= 14715 Pa ()P = 47100 m2 4. d = 0,4 m v = 5 m/s Q : ()Q = 18,26 m3/h ()Q = 30 m/s ()Q = 25,5 kgm2 ()Q = 0,628 m3/s 5. 2, :

2 () () () , (), 43 O20O301 26. 3 . 1 2 : 3 () 1 2 () 1 2 () 1 2 () 1 2 7. 4.

4 8.P=10N/mm2. F=1000, . 9.Q m = 25 kg 20 C 100 C.( c = 4200 J/kg K) 10. ( = 2) , F=50kNr=200mm. P, = 150 rad/s = 0,7. 11. = 80 m. 40C = 17x10-6 K-1 54 F150 600R=10012. 5 = 7,2 x 103 mm2 Ixx = 8,64 x 106 mm4. - Ixx 5 :- (4) . o (8) 13. F2 = 15 kN. = 0,7 = 120. = 5 m/s 14. J = 157x106 mm4, n = 60 rpm max = 100 N/mm2, D = 200 mm : () t () P . 15. = 0,012 m2 v = 6 km/h. : () () 30 m3. 16.6. = 0,5 Ffr = 800 N. : () F () Mtfr 6 80 65 24012023 m 2 m 2 m1 mB E 13F =10 kN F = 60 kN F =45 kN : - (2) . (10) 17 7 : () RA R () () () () () 7 18d=600mms=80mm.=7800kg/m3 : () () t 0 120 (rpm) t = 2 s ( ). 76 0 = , 0 = ,0 F = 12h b3xx=2xx x xd A I + =' ' 464xx yyD t I = I = REIMmax bmaxmax b= =o GJMrt max u= =t 32DJ4 t= ( )4 4d D32J t=60n 2t= ee = Mt P fr NF R = frF F=qo frFF ( )( )= qo+ q|q o+| frF W = ,r F Mtfr fr =e M =fr frt Pt,60n 2t= e 2 1O Or R = | q,| + = u| = uoo2 1802 18021 | ouv + u + u =2 1 2 1O O 2 R r L rad180 u t= uoo

0 2 1F 2 F F = +u = e F F2 1 P F v = 2 1F F F = 2 n hv r60 2t | |= + |\ . 60n 2t= e N frR F =r F Mtfr fr = r F 2 Mtfr v =, 2r rr2 1 +=

AFp = , e =frMt P o I = EM2m i = I 8dm2 = I, ||.|

\|+ = I8d8Dm2 2, e = I Gv r = e ,2 1t e = e o 87 () r o = , 21t21t o e = us r = u,u o e = e 22122 o = M I u = M We = M P221e I = Ek tu= N2 h g p = ,mV = , g w =, 1000. = o_ 2211AFAFp = = A g V = , 1 2A W W = , 1 2W WVg= g V V w = , 11 2WW Woe u = 2211F FA=A ,A=FP, 1 1 2 2s s A = A 1 1 2 2v v A = A = 2 21 1 2 21 2.2 2v p v pH H constg g g g + + = + + = tVQ = , Q= = sA v At Q m c u = A u A o = A ,( ) | |0 0t t 1 L L o + = | |0V V 1 3u = + o u 2 2 1 1V P V P = 1221PPVV= 101V V (1 )273= + o u o = K , 1 21 2V V= =T T 101P P (1 )273= + o u o = K , 1 21 2P P= =T T 22 211 1V P V PT=T 9: : (2) (30) . : - - - : - - - - - - - - - : - - . . . .RJ-45, . . 10 : - - - -, - - : - - - - . . - - - - . - . . . . . . :- (addressable) - : . - - - . . . . . : , . . , . . 11 : - - ( soft starters) : - -, , - - (P.L.C.) : - . . 12 1 14 2012 () : (101) H: , 22 2012 : 11.00- 13.30 : 2,5 (150 ) (14) . (,,) : 1. . 2. o . 3. . 4., . 5. ( 10, 11, 12). 6. ( 13,14). 13 2 14 :12. 4 . 1 4 ,,, . 1. . : ) ) ) ) 2. n=500mA, , Ra : ) 200 ) 166 ) 100 ) 100 3. 400V. , : )400 V )394 V )384 V )380 V 4.P=4,5HP IFLA=18A. , : )18 )27 )36 )54 14 3 14 5 7 ,, , . 5. , : ) .

) . ) . ) 13 . 6. : ) . ) . ) . ) . 7. , : ) 3 . ) OFF .

) . ) OFF. 15 4 14 8. . . ) ) ) ) ) RJ45) ) ) 4 STP CAT6 9.( mm) , : ) ( 100 ). ) . ) . ) . 10. .

(1) (2)

(3)(4)

16 5 14 11. : ) . ) . 12.1 . 1 ) (1,2,3,4) . ) .

17 6 14 : 4. 8 . 13.- . ) n (mcb) . ) . 14. . : 2 25 kW . 3 15 kW . 3 6 kW . 2 4 kW . 3 3 kW . 400V , , cos= 0,8. ) kW. ) 1 10,kVAr 0,8 0,95. 1 7 kW2 13 3 13 4 2,5 kW5 1,5 kW6 3 kW 7 (L1) 8 (L2) mcbIn 6 10 20 32 6 32 32 16 18 7 14 15.2 .

2 ) 2. ) . 19 8 14 16.P=2,5 IFLA=10A (DOL) 3. 3 ) (1,2,3,4) . ) , . ) IO/L (overload), . ) . 20 9 14 :2. 10. 17. , (), P=18 kW, U= 400 V cos=0,75. . :

230/400 V (mcb) 35 0C. PVC . 30. . . 2 11. 18., . 7 . 6 . 3 . (). , : . . .

3 12. 21 10 14 1 -cos 0.800.850.900.910.920.930.940.950.960.970.980.991 0.50 0.9821.1121.2481.2761.3031.3371.3691.4031.4411.4811.5291.5901.732 0.51 0.9361.0661.2021.2301.2571.2911.3231.3571.3951.4351.4831.5441.686 0.52 0.8941.0241.1601.1881.2151.2491.2811.3151.3531.3931.4411.5021.644 0.53 0.8500.9801.1161.1441.1711.2051.2371.2711.3091.3491.3971.4581.600 0.54 0.8090.9391.0751.1031.1301.1641.1961.2301.2681.3081.3561.4171.559 0.55 0.7690.8991.0351.0631.0901.1241.1561.1901.2281.2681.3161.3771.519 0.56 0.7300.8650.9961.0241.0511.0851.1171.1511.1891.2291.2771.3381.480 0.57 0.6920.8220.9580.9861.0131.0471.0791.1131.1511.1911.2391.3001.442 0.58 0.6650.7850.9210.9490.9761.0101.0421.0761.1141.1541.2021.2631.405 0.59 0.6180.7480.8840.9120.9390.9731.0051.0391.0771.1171.1651.2261.368 0.60 0.5840.7140.8490.8780.9050.9390.9711.0051.0431.0831.1311.1921.334 0.61 0.5490.6790.8150.8430.8700.9040.9360.9701.0081.0481.0961.1571.299 0.62 0.5150.6450.7810.8090.8360.8700.9020.9360.9741.0141.0621.1231.265 0.63 0.4830.6130.7490.7770.8040.8380.8700.9040.9420.9821.0301.0911.233 0.64 0.4500.5800.7160.7440.7710.8050.8370.8710.9090.9490.9971.0581.200 0.65 0.4190.5490.6850.7130.7400.7740.8060.8400.8780.9180.9661.0071.169 0.66 0.3880.5180.6540.6820.7090.7430.7750.8090.8470.8870.9350.9961.138 0.67 0.3580.4880.6240.6520.6790.7130.7450.7790.8170.8570.9050.9661.108 0.68 0.3290.4590.5950.6230.6500.6840.7160.7500.7880.8280.8760.9371.079 0.69 0.2990.4290.5650.5930.6200.6540.6860.7200.7580.7980.8400.9071.049 0.70 0.2700.4000.5360.5640.5910.6250.6570.6910.7290.7690.8110.8781.020 0.71 0.2420.3720.5080.5360.5630.5970.6290.6630.7010.7410.7830.8500.992 0.72 0.2130.3430.4790.5070.5340.5680.6000.6340.6720.7120.7540.8210.963 0.73 0.1860.3160.4520.4800.5070.5410.5730.6070.6450.6850.7270.7940.936 0.74 0.1590.2890.4250.4530.4800.5140.5460.5800.6180.6580.7000.7670.908 0.75 0.1320.2620.3980.4260.4530.4870.5190.5530.5910.6310.6730.7400.882 0.76 0.1050.2350.3710.3990.4260.4600.4920.5260.5640.6040.6520.7130.855 0.77 0.0790.2090.3450.3730.4000.4340.4660.5000.5380.5780.6200.6870.829 0.78 0.0530.1830.3190.3470.3740.4080.4400.4740.5120.5520.5940.6610.803 0.79 0.0260.1560.2920.3200.3470.3810.4130.4470.4850.5250.5670.6340.776 0.80-- 0.1300.2660.2940.3210.3550.3870.4210.4590.4990.5410.6080.750 0.81-- 0.1040.2400.2680.2950.3290.3610.3950.4330.4730.5150.5820.724 0.82-- 0.0780.2140.2420.2690.3030.3350.3690.4070.4470.4890.5560.698 0.83-- 0.0520.1880.2160.2430.2770.3090.3430.3810.4210.4630.5300.672 0.84-- 0.0260.1620.1900.2170.2510.2830.3170.3550.3950.4370.5040.645 0.85---- 0.1360.1640.1910.2250.2570.2910.3290.3690.4170.4780.620 0.86---- 0.1090.1400.1670.1980.2300.2640.3010.3430.3900.4500.593 0.87---- 0.0830.1140.1410.1720.2040.2380.2750.3170.3640.4240.567 0.88---- 0.0540.0850.1120.1430.1750.2090.2460.2880.3350.3950.538 0.89---- 0.0280.0590.0860.1170.1490.1830.2300.2620.3090.3690.512 0.90------ 0.0310.0580.0890.1210.1550.1920.2340.2810.3410.484 22 11 14 2 ( Cg) 23456789 0.860.810,770,750,740,730,730,72 (C ) 253035 404550 5560 1,031,00,940,870,790,710,610,50 ( ) . 1 .11 (mm2) .. .. . .. 1,521182219 2,528253126 438334135 649425345 1067587262 1689779783 ( ) (mm2) 1 .. (mV/A/m) 2 .. (mV/A/m) 3 .. (mV/A/m) 4 1,5292925 2,5181815 411119,5 67,37,36,4 104,44,43,8 162,82,82,4 23 12 14 3 20 mm17 mm 226.8 mm2 25 mm22 mm379.9 mm2 32 mm28 mm 615.4 mm2 40 mm36 mm 1017.3 mm2 50 mm46 mm 1661.0 mm2 12.6 mm2 2 12.6 mm2 3 23.7 mm2 4 27.3 mm2 6 38.5 mm2 10 50.3 mm2 12 63.6 mm2 20 95.0 mm2 40 154.3 mm2 mm( *) 10 200200 80 20 30 330 380 250 380 100 100 40 50 400 450 400 450 100 150 80 680450150 (*) . 6 cm. 24 =

= =

= 0

=

+(1+2)

50 , (TN-C-S)

50 , (TT)

=

= 2

=

=

=

3 =

3 = ,2= 2+2 = 3 , 2= 2+2 = 25 = 3 = = 3 =

= = = (1 2) = (2 2)

2

=

1000 26 : , : (2) (30) . , : - - - - - () (PLC) , , (LADDER) - PLC - BIT WORD PLC (Relay, Transistor, Triac) LADDER - () - (C) - - - F - (SS) SET/RESET Jump Control SET/RESET Master Control SET/RESET PLC () PC PLC PLC PC PLC PLC , PLC PLC 27 Inverter Inverter Inverter Inverter Inverter Inverter Inverter PLC , 28 1 8 2012 () : (102) :, 22 2012 :11:00-13:30

2,5 (150 ) ( 8) (, ) : 1. . 2. . 3. . 4. , . 29 2 8 . 12 . 4 . 1. 4/2, () . 2. (4) . 3. ( 1) . ( 1) 4. (BITs) (WORD) , 189 (). ( 2) .. ( 2) 5. . 30 3 8 6. (delay OFF timer): ) ) 7. ( 3) (PLC), (Inputs), (Outputs) ( 4). 4 (PLC) 3.

( 3)( 4) 8. 1- 2 11-12. .

31 4 8 9. (delay ON timer) (delay OFF timer). 10. ( 5). , .

( 5) 11. (2) .

12. ) ( 2 ) ( sensor ) (limit switch). ) ( 2 ) . . 4 . 8 . 13. , , : 32 5 8 ) , , PP, 1.) 1 . 14. 6 . ( 7) , 6.

( 6) ( 7)

15. 8, . ) . ) . ( 8) 33 6 8 16.) ( 9 ). ) (acmotordrive) . ) (2), .) , , .

( 9) 34 7 8 . 2 . 10 . 17. ( 10 ), ( 11). ) . ) (PLC), (INPUT) (OUTPUT). ) (Ladder).

( 10)

( 11) 35 8 8 18. : ) PNP, , R1. ) , 1 1 . ) L/S1 ( ), 1 , 1 2. - - 36 : , : (2) (30) . (ISDN) (ADSL) FM FM / / / , 37 1 20 2012 () : (103) :, 22 2012 :11:00 - 13:30 2, 5 (150 ) (20) (, ) :1. . 2. . 3. . 4. . 5. . 38 2 20 39 3 20 - 12 . 4 . 1.() ; () ; 2. . (1) (2) 3.() : : (1)3, 4 kHz (2)4 kHz (3)8 kHz (4)15 kHz.. 40 4 20 () . (1) (2) 4.() (Multiple Subscriber Number - MSN) ISDN. () MSN ; 5.() ADSL; () . 41 5 20 6.() 1 . 1 () 15 km. 3 x 108 m/s. . = . 42 6 20 7. 2 Hellas Sat . 2 () " " . () . (1)...... (2)...... 43 7 20 8.() ; () . 9.() : (1)0 MHz - 5 MHz (2)470 MHz - 478 MHz (3)535 kHz - 1606 kHz(4)20 Hz - 20 kHz (5)11 GHz - 18 GHz. .. () M; (1)300 Hz - 4 kHz (2)1850 MHz - 1910 MHz (3)88 MHz - 108 MHz (4)535 kHz - 1606 kHz (5)50 Hz - 15 kHz. ..... 44 8 20 10. : () : (1) (2) (3) (4) . ... () : (1) (2) (3) (4) . ... 11.() FM 97, 2 Hz. : (1)10,7 Hz (2)107, 9 MHz (3)86,5 Hz (4)3, 4 kHz (5)15 kHz. ... () 1044 kHz . fIF : (1)3, 4 kHz (2)1499 kHz (3)10,7 MHz (4)900 MHz (5)455 kHz. ... 45 9 20 12. . () 5 kHz. () . () . () . -4. 8 . 13.() . 46 10 20 () 3 FM. 3 : (1) . (2) . ...................................... 47 11 20 14.() (camera); .... () ; () . ................................ 48 12 20 15. 4 . Show Desktop.scf 2 4 () . ........... 49 13 20 () . . . 16.() () (ISDN) : (1) - BRI. .. (2) - RI. 50 14 20 () 7 kHz ISDN . . - 2 . 10 . 17.() (.. ) . () (Virtual Memory) ; 51 15 20 ... () , . . . . ... 18.() . (1)...... (2)...... 52 16 20 (3)...... (4)...... () . (1).... (2).... () 5, (DTMF) . 5 1 2 3 941 Hz 4 5 6 7 8 9 * 0 # 770 Hz 852 Hz 697 Hz 1209 Hz 1336 Hz 1477 Hz 53 17 20 ------------------------------ ---------------------------- 54 20 20 (Decibel) ( ) ( ) () (m = 1) (FM) ( Carson)BW=2 . (fC + fm(MAX)) 55 : , : (2) . / , / / / (dB) RF RF RF C RF (, , ) RC ( ) FM FM FM ( ) 56 Laser (SMPS) V .F. AGC PAL y RGB 57 58 59 60 61 62 : , : (2) . - ROM RAM CACHE (addressing modes) (, .) (interrupts) DMA 63 2012 () : (105) : , 22MAOY 2012 : 11.00 13.30 2,5 (150 ) (4) (, ) : 1. . 2. . 3. . 4. 642 - 12 . H 4 . 1. , . 2. . 3. . 4. ROM 128 X 8 bits. 5. , : (, , , , , , , , , , , ) ()_________ ()_______ . ()_________ ()____________ . ()__________ . ()________ . () ________ . ()_________ . 6. :) B4 ) F . 7. 32 bytes, EEPROM 2. 8. ROM 64 x 8 bits. 653 9. ( - ALU) . 10. (DMA - Direct Memory Access). 11. RM . 12. RAM , . - 4 . H 8 . 13. ( ) 49 () 23() . . , . 14. : ) ) ) ) 15. PROM 2 2 bit, 01 11. 16. (Polling). 664 - 2 . H 10 . 17. ) . ) / RAM. 18. ROM512 4 ROM 128 4 . ------ ----- 67:XANIKH KAI KAT () : (2) (30) 1 () 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 : , , . 1.5 2 2.1 2.2 Steiner 3.3 3. 3.1 3.2 R== 3.3 max . 3.4 , , . 3.5 . 4 4.1. 4.2 (Euler). 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 . 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 / ( , ) 68 2012 () : :, 22 2012 :11:00 13:30 2,5 (150 ) 3 (, ), 10 . /2 : . 1. . 2. , . 3. ( 10). 69- 2 - (48 ) 4 . 1. 1, (Q ). 2. 3 m 2. . : = 200 kN/mm2, Ix = 312500 mm4, Iy = 112500 mm4

.../3 1 B A RA RB q F1 F2 . 3 m F. 2 70- 3 - 3. 3. (...) (...) . 4. 4, . 5. 5. .../4 3 4 B A RA RB q F B A RA RB q F1 F2 1 m2 m A 5 q = 5 kN/m F = 10 kN 71- 4 - 6. 6 q = 12 kN/m = 5 m. 7. 7, (Fy = 0). 8. 8, x x. ( cm.) .../5 x B A = 5,0 m 6 q = 12 kN/m F B A q 7 20 40 x x 25 7,5 7,5 8 72- 5 - 9. 9 (...). , ... 10. 10. .../6 B A 9 .. . E 10 A B 2 m2 m 2 m 40 kN 20 kN20 kN 73- 6 - 11. 11. 8 x 10 cm. 12. Wx 12. .../7 11 12 3,5 m 40 cm 40 cm 25 cm x x 25 cm 74- 7 - (32 ) 8 . 13. 13: () RA RB. () (x) , ( ). 14. 14. () . () , , . .../8 1,5 m 13 14 B A 3 m1 m RA RB 15 kN/m 10 kN x 3 m3 m A B E Z 3 m 50 kN 20 kN 100 kN 75- 8 - 15. 5 m 15, q = 40 kN/m. . x x. ( cm.) 16. , 16, . () RA RB. () , (1), (2), (3), (4) (5). .../9 15 10 15 xx y y A B 40 kN/m 5,0 m 40 35 60 10 B A 20 kN 16 15 kN 3 m3 m1,5 m1,5 m RA RB 10 kN/m 10 kN/m (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) .. 76- 9 - 20 . 17. 17. () . () , , . () , Mmax. () Mmax. () Q , , , Mmax.

.../10 17 7 m 5 m2 m2 m 40 kN q = 20 kN/m RA RB 77- 10 - Fx = F Fy = F Fx = 0 Fy = 0M = 0 bh3 D4 12 64

x-x h A12 x-x = Ix + Ady2y-y = Iy + Adx2

Ix-x bh2 y6 M E Iy R

2 . 2i. F. = Wx = Wx = = Ix-x = Ix-x = Iy-y = ix = ix = 78: TEXNOOIA KATEYYNH : (2) (30) . 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. - : 2. O , , , , , , , , / 3. , .. 4. / 5. : (CD) .. 79 6. 7. 8. , 9. .. / / / : , , , , , , , , , stick, , . 80 2012 () : HME: , 22 2012: 11.00 - 13.30 : 2,5 (150 ) (2) ( ), (7) ./ / :To (3) () 4 4 () / .:1. .2. () .3. () .4. .5. ..../281 - (40 )1. .( 6) (serif) . ..................................... ..................................... .................................... . ..................................... ..................................... .................................... 2. -0. 5 2 1 594,5 x 841 (mm). ( 4)A5................................................................A2................................................................3. . ) .( 4)1................................................................2................................................................3................................................................4................................................................) .( 4)..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................4. . ( 4)) , , , .) .) .) .) ................................................................... ) ...................................................................) ................................................................... ) ...................................................................5. (2) . ( 4)............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................./3-2-1 23 482.../4-3-6. 2012. . 2012. (3) . : ( ) (), , . . () , . . 2012.( 14) 83-4- - (60 )7. "", . , . . : ( 4 5) : ( 6) o : , ( 6) : ( 6) () ( 6), , . . () , . . : ) . , , , o , ().) .) . 20 ( )10 (, )15 ( )10 5 60 .../584 -5-.../685-6-.../7, , .86 -7- .87 : , : (2) (30) 1. 1.1 1.2 (, ) 1.3 ( ) 1.4 ( ) 2. 2.1 . 3. (Layout) 3.1 3.2 .3.3 ( ). 4. 4.1 . 4.2 . 5. 5.1 5.2 5.3 ( ) 5.4 , ( , ) 6. 6.1 ( , , ). 6.2 ( ) 7. 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 8. 8.1 ( ) 8.2 8.3 9. 9.1 9.2 ( ) 9.3 10. 10.1 ( , , ) 10.2 10.3 ( ) 11. 11.1 8811.2 11.3 11.4 :) ) ) .12 12. 1 . : , , : , 0.3 0.5, , , , . 89 1 4 2012 () : : , 22 2012 11:00 - 13:30 2,5 (150 ) ( ), (4). / / : 1 (3) 2 (3) 3 (3) 4 (3) 4 () / /. 3 : . 1. 1. 2. 6 2. 3. 7 7 3. 4. 8 8 4. 5. . 90 2 4 : , 1:100, 1. H --, , . -- , . : (, , ). ( , , ). . . 91 3 4 :(40 ) 1. , -- .( 6) 2. - . ) . ) . ( 8) 3. --, .( 8) 4. . .( 8) 5. 1, 2, 1:50, - , 1. . : ( 10) 92 4 4 :(60 ) 6. 2, 3 3, -. ( 10) 7.) 3, 4, 1:50, . ( 15) ) --. ( 10) 8.) 4, 6 , 5. , . ( 15) ) , , .( 10) 93 : T I : (2) .

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, 4.

4 : 1. 8 - 10 . 2. . 3. . 4. .5. . 6. . - 66100: : 3 :5/ . .(,.2007,,. 2007, , . 2008). I. - Depreciation of Fixed Assets 1. 2. . 3. ( ). 4. / . 5. () (Disposal A/c). . - Partnerships 1. . 2. (-InterestonCapitalA/c, - Interest on Partners Loan A/c, Partners Salaries A/c). Final A/cs. 3. . 4. . 5. . . Accounts of Manufacturing Businesses Balance Sheet 1.. 2. . 3. Manufacturing A/c. 4. Trading A/c. 5. Profit and Loss A/c. 6. Balance Sheet. IV. () Limited Companies 1. , , , . 1.1. Issue of shares. , - (in full) (by installments), (at par) (at a premium).1.2. Oversubscription. 1.3. Calls in arrear and in advance. 1.4. . 2. Issue of Debentures. 3. Final Accounts. 3.1.. Trading A/c, . Profit and Loss and Appropriation A/c. 3.2.: Balance Sheet:Horizontal and Vertical presentation. 101V. Purchase of a Business and Amalgamation of Companies 1. - Taking over a sole traders business. 2.Conversionofapartnershipinto alimitedcompany.(-Amalgamati onof Companies .) VI. Accounting Ratios 1.2. . 3. , . : , . 102 2012 : : , 5 2012 07:30-10:30 (7) : (Answer all questions) (3) . 1032 QUESTION 1 Exercise 1 Evita Ltd has a Branch which keeps full accounting records.The balances of Branch Current A/c and Head Office current A/c on 31 December 2011 before incorporating profit were as follows: Branch Current A/c (Dr) 20.500 Head Office Current A/c (Cr)18.200 On investigation it was found out that goods costing 1.500 sent to Branch on 29 December were still in transit, and a cheque of 800 sent on 30 December by Branch to Head Office was not received until 31 December. The net profit made by the branch for the year was 5.900. REQUIRED: Prepare the Branch Current A/c in the Head Office books and the Head Office Current A/c in the Branch books.(Marks 6) Exercise 2 On 1 January 2010 the balances in the books of Pegasus Ltd were 85.500 and 35.500 for Motor Vehicles account and Provision for Depreciation on Motor Vehicles account respectively. On 1 April 2010 the company received a cheque for 3.200 for the sale of one Motor Vehicle which has been purchased on 1 November 2006 for 10.500 On 1 June 2011 the company purchased a new Motor Vehicle, by cheque, for 12.300 Depreciation is charged at 20% per annum on cost (straight line method) for each month of ownership. REQUIRED: Prepare for the Year ended 31 December 2010 and 2011 the following accounts: a)Motor Vehicles account(Marks 3) b)Provision for Depreciation on Motor Vehicles account(Marks 7) c)Motor Vehicles Disposal account.(Marks 4) Note: All workings must be shown.(Total Marks 20) 1043 QUESTION 2 The following is the Balance Sheet of Pavlos and Marios who are partners sharing profits and losses in the proportion of 3:2 respectively. Balance Sheet as at 31 December 2011 Fixed AssetsCapital Accounts: Buildings400.000Pavlos360.000 Machinery120.000520.000Marios240.000600.000 Current AssetsCurrent Liabilities Stock 150.000Creditors75.000 Debtors60.000Bank Overdraft30.000 Bills Receivable20.000230.000Bills Payable45.000150.000 750.000750.000 On 1 January 2012, they decided to admit John as a new partner, on the following terms: a)John is to bring into the business, as capital i.100.000 cash (paid into the Bank A/c) ii.a Motor Van, valued at 20.000. b)John has to pay 8.000 for his share of Goodwill. As he is unable to pay, it was agreed to raise a Goodwill account for the whole amount. c)The new profit and loss sharing ratio for Pavlos, Marios and John will be 3:2:1 respectively. d)Certain assets were devalued as follows: i.Buildings 500.000 ii.Machinery 80.000 iii.Stock 160.000 e)A provision for bad debts should be created for 3.000. f)The partners have decided to write off the Goodwill after the admission of John. REQUIRED: Prepare: a)the following: i.the Revaluation Account(Marks 5) ii.the Partners Capital Accounts (in columnar form)(Marks 5) iii.the Goodwill Account(Marks 2) iv.the Balance Sheet as at 1January 2012 (after the admission)(Marks 6) b)Calculate the liquidity ratio and explain the result.(Marks 2) (Total Marks 20) 1054 QUESTION 3 Exercise 1 Salamis Ltd is a manufacturing company and its financial year ends on 31 December.Finished goods are transferred to stock at production cost plus 10%. Information about stock is as follows: 31 December 2010 31 December 2011 Raw materials49.00046.000 Work in progress (at factory cost) 10.00010.500 Finished goods (at transfer price)9.90011.000 Other information relating to the year ended 31 December 2011 is available as follows: Sales800.000 Purchases of raw materials362.000 Carriage inwards of raw materials2.500 Productive wages175.000 Salary of factory supervisor22.100 Depreciation on plant and machinery48.000 Depreciation on office equipment 20.000 Direct production costs25.000 Other business expenses60.000 Note:20% of the other business expenses refers to the factory area. REQUIRED: Prepare for the year ended 31 December 2011: The Manufacturing account showing clearly the: a)Cost of raw Materials used(Marks2,5) b)Prime cost(Marks1,5) c)Cost of production (Marks3) (Total Marks 7)Exercise 2 Astra Ltd was formed in 2006 with an Authorised Capital of 2.000.000 divided into 250 000 Ordinary shares of 8 each and 100 000 6% Preference shares of 5 each, of which 180 000 Ordinary shares and 50 000 6% Preference shares have already been issued at par. On 1 January 2011 the company offered for subscription the remaining 70 000 Ordinary shares, issued at a premium of 15%, payable as follows: On Application 1.50On Allotment (including the premium) 4.20 First call2.50 Final callthe remaining balance 1065 Applications were received for 110 000 Ordinary shares. The deposits on 10 000 shares were refunded to those applicants whose applications were refused.The remaining applicants were satisfied pro rata, and the surplus money received from them being carried forward to meet the amount due on allotment. Allotment moneys were duly received but when the first call was asked, one shareholder who held 2 000 shares failed to pay. Another shareholder who held 3 000 shares paid them in full. When the final call was asked all shareholders paid their obligations except the above mentioned one who held 2 000 shares. REQUIRED: Show the journal entries, including those related to cash, to record the above transactions in the books of Astra Ltd. Note: Workings must be shown.(Marks 13) (Total Marks 20) QUESTION 4 The following Trial Balance was extracted from the books of Athena Plc as at 31 December 2011 Account name Ordinary Share Capital600.000 7% Preference Share Capital250.000 Furniture & Fittings 80.000 Provision for Depreciation on Furniture & Fittings16.000 Freehold Property676.000 Delivery Vans 50.000 Provision for Depreciation on Delivery Vans 20.000 Debtors150.000 Stock on 31December 2011230.000 Provision for Bad Debts10.000 Creditors70.000 Salaries 85.000 6% Debentures (Issued 1 September 2011)300.000 General Reserve 86.000 Interim Ordinary Share Dividend 6.000 Interim Preference Share Dividend 7.500 Bad Debts4.000 Profit and Loss (balance 1January 2011)38.000 Directors Remuneration25.000 Debenture Interest 1.500 Auditors Fees 12.000 Goodwill58.000 Gross Profit210.000 Bank 35.000 Investments180.000 Total1.600.0001.600.000 1076 Additional information:a)The Authorised Share Capital of the Company consists of 300 000 Ordinary Shares of 3 each, and 300 000 7% Preference Shares of 2 each, b)Provide for Debenture interest due, c)Salaries prepaid amounted to 6.000, d)Depreciation is provided on Furniture and Fittings at 10% on cost (straight line method) and on Delivery Vans at 20% on net book value (diminishing balance method), e)Income receivable from Investments 18.000, f)An amount of 1.000 included in debtors is to be written off as bad debts, g)Provision for bad debts should be adjusted to 6% on debtors, h)The Directors decided to: Make a provision for corporation tax 10%, Provide for the balance of the 7% preference share dividend and for a final dividend of 0,10 per share, Transfer to General Reserve 16.000, Write off Goodwill by 12.000. REQUIRED: Prepare: a)The Profit & Loss and Appropriation account of the company for the year ended 31 December 2011(Marks 11) b)The Balance Sheet of the company as at 31 December 2011 (in vertical form). (Marks 9) (Total Marks 20) QUESTION 5 Andreas and Petros are partners sharing profits and losses in the proportion of 3:2 respectively. Balance Sheet of Andreas & Petros as at 31 December 2011 Fixed AssetsPartners Capital a/cs: Buildings800.000Andreas600.000 Furn. & Fittings30.000Petros400.0001.000.000 Motor Vans40.000870.000 Partners Current a/cs: Current AssetsAndreas60.000 Stock150.000Petros(58.000)2.000 Debtors80.000230.000 Current Liabilities Creditors76.000 Bank overdraft22.00098.000 1.100.0001.100.000 1087 On 1 January 2012, Aphrodite Ltd was formed to take over the partnership. Its authorised share capital consists of 600 000 ordinary shares of 5 each. Aphrodite Ltd took over all of the above assets and liabilities, except bank overdraft, which was to be discharged by the partnership. The following assets taken over by Aphrodite Ltd were revalued as follows: Buildings950.000 Motor Vans25.000 Furniture & Fittings18.000 Stock160.000 Debtors76.000(the difference being provision for bad debts). The purchase consideration of 1.220.000 was agreed to be fully satisfied by a cash payment of 140.000, and by an issue of ordinary shares in Aphrodite Ltd, at a premium of 20%. In order to finance the purchase of the partnership, Aphrodite Ltd offered to the public30 000 ordinary shares at a premium of 20%.The issue was successful and all the shares were subscribed and fully paid up. Aphrodite Ltd paid preliminary expenses of 5.000. Any balance in the partners capital accounts is to be settled by cheque. REQUIRED: a)Prepare the following accounts in the books of the partnership: Realization account(Marks 3) Partners Capital accounts(Marks 4) Bank account(Marks 2) Aphrodite Ltd account.(Marks 2) b)In the books of Aphrodite Ltd prepare the journal entries, including those relating to cash, to record the above transactions.(Narrations are not required). (Marks 9) (Total Marks 20) (GRAND TOTAL MARKS 100) ----THE END---- 1091 (ACCOUNTING RATIOS) A. (Liquidity Ratios) 1. (Working Capital Ratio or Current Ratio) = Working Capital Ratio = Current Assets Current Liabilities 2. (Quick Assets, or Liquidity or Acid test ratio) = Quick Assets Ratio = Current Assets - Stock Current Liabilities 3. (Immediate Cash Ratio) = + Immediate Cash Ratio = Cash + Bank Current Liabilities 4. (Stock Turnover Ratio) = Stock Turnover Ratio = Cost of Sales Average Stock = + 2 Average Stock = Opening Stock + Closing Stock 2 5. (Debtors Ratio) = 365 52 12 Debtors Ratio = Debtors X 365 or X 52 or X 12 Net Credit Sales

6. (Creditors Ratio) = 365 52 12 Creditors Ratio = Creditors X 365 or X 52 or X 12 Net Credit Purchases 1102 B. (Profitability Ratios) 7. (Gross Profit Ratio) = 100 ( + ) Gross Profit Ratio = Gross Profit X 100 Net Sales (Cash + Credit Sales) 8. (Net Profit Ratio) = 100 ( + ) Net Profit Ratio = Net Profit X 100 Net Sales (Cash + Credit Sales) 9. (Return on Capital Employed) = + 100 = + + ( ) Return on Capital EmployedRatio = Net Profit after Tax + Debenture Interest X 100 Capital Employed 10. (Net Income as a Percentage of Equity Capital) . = . x 100 Net Income as a Percentage of Equity Capital Ratio = Net Profit after Tax Preference DividendX 100 Equity Capital (Ordinary Share Capital) . 11. (Capital Gearing Ratio) = . + Capital Gearing Ratio = Equity Capital (Ordinary Share Capital)Preference Share Capital + Long Term Liabilities (Fixed Interest Capital) 12. (Reserves to Equity Capital Ratio or Self Financing Ratio) = 100 Reserves to Equity Capital Ratio = Reserves X 100Equity Capital ( Ordinary Share Capital) 1113 13. (Net Assets Value of Shares) = + Net Assets Value of Shares = Ordinary Share Capital + ReservesNumber of Ordinary Shares 14. (Dividend as a Percentage to Ordinary Share Capital) = 100 Dividend as a Percentage to Ordinary Share Capital = Ordinary Share DividendX 100 Ordinary Share Capital 15. (Preference Dividend Cover) = Preference Dividend Cover = Net Profit after TaxationPreference Dividend 16. (Ordinary Dividend Cover) = . Ordinary Dividend Cover = Net Profit after Taxation Preference Share Dividend Ordinary Dividend 17. (Earnings Per Share Ratio) = . Earnings per Share Ratio = Net Profit after Taxation Preference Share Dividend Number of Ordinary Shares 18. (Dividend Yield) = 100 ( ) Dividend Yield = Dividend per Share X 100 Market Value per Share --- --- 112: : (2) (30) , , , hop , , (drilling jigs), (plate type jig), (swinging leaf jigs), universal, (box type jigs), , , , , , (jig bushes), /, , , , , (milling jigs), , , , , , , universal, (turning jigs), , , (grinding jigs), (assembly jigs) (welding jigs) , , , , , , , , -, bayonet, , , , , C , bayonet, , , 113 , , , ( ) , , , , , , , , , (, , , ) , , , , , , , , U , , -, , , , , , , -, (impact extrusion), , ,, - , -, , , - , . , , ,, , 114(), (green-sandmoulding),(dry-sandmoulding) -CO2 , ,(), , - (oliecasting),(gravityolie-casting, permanent mould casting) , ,,, , , , , (), (), (PVC),(PS),,(),(), (FE),,() (CA) , (PF), (UF), (MF),(UP)(), ()(, ),,(PUR)(, ) (SI) ,,, (,-,, ) , , - . ( ) ,, , , , , ,- . ( ) ,,, (,,, ), . ( ) , () () , (part-programs) , 115 (part-programs) , , CAD/CAM,, CAD/CAM, CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) FMS (Flexible Manufacturing Systems) CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing) RP (Rapid Prototyping) , ,,,, (Hydraulics) , , , , , , - , - - , , , , - ,, , - -(Electro-Hydraulics).( ) - -- - 116 2012 .. () : :, 8 2012 07:30-10:00 (, , ) (5) . : . . . 1172 : (12) . (4) . 1 - 6 . 1. : () () () () . 2. : () () () () . 3. : () () () () - . 4. : () () () () . 5. : () () () () . 6. (CNC), G84 = 50 24 mm 20 mm. G84 : () 8 () 2 () 6 () 4 . 7. (2) . 8. , . () () () () 9. (4) , . 1183 10. (4) . 11. . () () () () 12. (2) . : (4) . (8) . 13. 1 . da, df, d, h, ha, hf, s p , . 1 14. , 2. .

2 11942040 106030 15606535102040R5 15. () .() . 16. F= s = 4/5 Rm , , 3. 3 mm Rm = 350 N/mm2. 3

: (2) . (10) . 17. , 30 mm, (CNC) (3) , 4. , , 1. . G84 . 0.5 mm. 4 NG(M)XZFH 1 15 12 820 30 26 16 1205 18. 36 76 mm . () 2 () , 16, 22, 27, 33, 39, 44 () 3 . . 2 112 -13 214 -16 317 - 20 421 - 25 526-34 635-54 755-134 8 135-0 3 / 1 ad p dmz z 2 2 ad dp mz z 2 3 ad 2m d dzm p m 4 apzd mz d 2m 5 ad d 2m m z 2 6 fd d 2 m c d 2,5m 7 c 0,25m 8 h 2m c 2,25m 9 ah m 10 fh m c 1,25m 11 p ms 1,5708m2 2 121:TEXNO : (2) (30) . , , , ( ), , CVT CVR (Continuously Variable Transmission Continuously Variable Ratio) ( Cardan) LSD (Limited Slip Differential) (half shafts, drive shafts) , , , (, airbrakes) ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) BAS (Brake Assistance System) (independent suspension) ( ) (wheels, tyres) (, rims) (power assistance steering) () (Traction Control System) (chassis) () (Motors On Test) 122 2012 (I) : :, 8 2012 :7:30 10:00 2,5 (150 ) (11) (, ) :1. . 2. . 3. . 123 2 11 : 12 . 4 . 1-6 . 1. CVT (Continuously Variable Transmission) : ()()() (). 2. : () () () () . 3. , : () () () () . 4. : () () () () . 5.T , : () () () () . 6. : () () () () . 124 3 11 7-12 . 7. , . .... 8. (2) (tubeless) . ) ) 9. (2) . ) ) 10. (2) , . ) ) .... 125 4 11 11. ......... 12. 225/45 R17 91W. : 225 - .... R- ..... 17 - .... W - ..... : 4 . 8 . 13. 1 . () (6) . 1 1. ... 2. ... 3. ... 4. ... 5. ... 6. ... 126 5 11 () (3) . . 500510 600600 8000 () (1) , . 14. 2 (2) ( ) ( , , ). 2 () (2) ( ). () . () . () (2) . 127 6 11 () . () . 15. 3 . 3 () . () . 1. 2. 3. 4. 128 7 11 () (2) , . () (2) , . 16. 4 . 4 () . () . . . . 129 8 11 . () (2) . () (2) , 4, . . . 130 9 11 : 2 . 10 . 17. 5 (TCS). 5 () . CAN-Bus () 5 6. . . 131 10 11 () (TCS). 18. 6 . 6 () . . () (6) . 1 2 3 4 5 6 132 11 11 () () . . () . . () 2000 . . . . . . . ------------------------------ ------------------------------ 133 12 11 134: / : (2) (30) . Otto , - , , (Pre-ignition) (Detonation) , (CO, HC, NOx) (amplifier) (ConstantDwellamplifier),(Constant energy amplifier) (Map amplifier) Hall CDI () ( ) (Motronic) 135 K-Jetronic KE-Jetronic L LH-Jetronic (sensors), (NTC,PTC), , ,(,), (), (, ) (actuators) ,(), Mono-Jetronic ,() Motronic () ,, EDC (Electronically Diesel Control) , , , , , , Common Rail System () , 136 , , ,,, ABS (Antilock Braking System) ABS ( Bosch) ABS ABS Bosch BAS (Brake Assist system) ASR (Antiskid Control System) ETC (Electronic Traction Control) 137 (TCS-ESP) ( ) SRS (Supplementary Restraint System) Airbag : ---, --- - - 138 2012 (I) : / :, 8 2012 :07:30 10:00 2, 5 (150 ) (12) (, ) :1. . 2. . 3. . 139 : 12 . 4 . 1-6 . 1. : () () () () . 2. . : () () () () . 3.()1.068 (=1.068). : ()13,8 ()14,7 ()15,7 ()1. 4. . , mV : ()250 - 350()750 - 850 ()150 - 250()550 - 650. 5. (SRS), (). : () () () () . 1406. S, : () () () () . 7-12 7. (knock sensor). , ; . 8. SRS. . . 9. ().. 10. (4) (Common Rail), .() ..() .. () .. () .. 11. ABS. () ..() .. 14112. (4) . () ..() .. () .. () .. : 4 . 8 . 13. 1 (BAS). () () 2. 1 () 1 2 3 4 5 () . 142. . 14. 2. () 2() 2. 2 () () 14315. 3 () (SRS). ()(3)(3) () () . () SRS...... 3 () : : 14416. 4 (Motronic). 2 . 3 4 . 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 145 : (2) . 10 . 17. 5 (Common Rail). () 111 5.() 5 6 (HME) () 3, 5 11. 5 ) 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 146 () 6 () (3) (5) (11) ................147 18. 7 . () . () () . 31d715 16T0T1T2+15 30_8h +_ 7 () .. ()v T ------------------------------ ------------------------------ 148: , : (2) (30) ,,,, , , , , --,,,, - - --- / , ,,(),,, (Water Chillers) , , (VRV) ( ) , , , , heat pump - - (, , , ) 149 , , , , - ,,, , , , , , (, , ), , , () - - - - -- - - , , , pH , ,, , , 150 - ,, , , , ,, ,, 151 2011 .. () : , : 7 2011 7:30 10:00 (, , ) (6) . : .

. . 152 : (12) . (4) . 1- 5 . 1.

() () () () . 2. () () () () . 3 , () () () () . 4. () () () () () () . 5. : () () () () . 1536. (2) ( ) : () () () () . 7. . ()(1) ()(2) () (3) ()(4) (5) (6)

8. 1, 5 m x 10 m 2 m 4 . m3 /h 10 25 50 100 1 9. : () () . 10. (2) () () .1541 m2 m3 m4 m11. (4) (AHU) . 12. .

: (4) . (8) . 13. 1 .() () . 1 14. Q , 1 t = 16 C U. = 1,2 W/m2 C U.= 3,0 W/m2 C. Q=U . A . t . 1 15515. . () ;() (3) ;() ; 16.() () (4) . : (2) . (10) 17. 2 (FCU).() (4) . () : (i) (ii) (iii) ( ).

2 15618. 3 (VRV). () (3) () . () (VRV), . 3 157 : , : (2) (30) (..) (Thevenin) (..) .. .. (R, L, C) .. (RL, RC, RLC) .. .. .. .. .. (R), (RL), (RC) ( ) ( ) (..) . . .. 158 1 20 2012 () : (153) H : , 08 2012 :07.30 10.00 :2,5 (150 ) (20) . (, ). :

1. . 2. . 3. . 4. , . 5. ( 17 - 20). 159 2 20 - 12 . 4 . 1. C . , : . . .. .. .. . 2. RLC , :

. . . . . . . . . 3. : . . . .. . . 4. . 160 3 205. ) . ) . 6. . ) . ) . ) (3) . ) . 7. 1 kW, 230 V. :) .) . 161 4 208. 1 : 1 = 108 V, 2 = 60 V R1=1 , R2=2 R3=9 . I .

1 ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9. C = 100 F (u) i = 10.(314t) mpere : ) (C). ) (Um). ........... R3E1E2IR1R2162 5 2010. R =10 , 380 V. : ) (I). ) (P) . ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 11. P=16 kW =0,85 380 V , 50 Hz. : ) (I) . ) (S). ...................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................. .....................................................................................................................................163 6 2012. 2 i1 i2. .

2 32 2 0 52ti (A)246i1i2 2 ........................................... - 4 . 8 . 13. 30 V, 6 . 26 V, 25 z, 2 . :) (R) .) (Z) .) o (L) .) () . 164 7 20 14. 3 C R = 80 240 V , 50 Hz. = 5 . : ) (R) .) (C) .) (C). ) (C). 3 U=240VICRICIR165 8 20 15. 4. ) . ) (L) R4. R1=5R2=5R3=10R4=7,5E=10VIL 4 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 166 10 2016. 380 V, 50 Hz. 10 kVA. 0,75. : ) (P) .) (Q) .) (QC) 0,75 0,95. ) (C) . ............................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... 167 11 20 - 2 . 10 . 17. RLC R = 40 , L=10 H C. U = 200 V, 1 MHz. : ) (I). ) (C).) (Q). ) (f). .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

168 12 2018. P1=14,4 kW, P2=7,2 kW P3=9,6 kW ( ) 415 V , 50 Hz, 5. : ) . ) . ) (1, 2,

3) . ) () , 1 cm 10 A. L1 L2 L3PN 2 3 11P P2 3I2I3I1

5 ................. 169 13 20 ---------- ---------- 170 17 20 Joule (.) .. . . . . . . (rad) 171 18 20 R . . L . . C . . RL . . RC . . RLC . . 172 19 20 , RC . . 173 20 20 , , (k: ) 174 : , : (2) . / (Hi-Fi) - (Flip-Flop) - - NAND - NOR - -SR-FFD - JK - - (TTL) CMOS CMOS TTL 2-bit, 2- bit 4-bit, 4-bit, 175 . 2- bit 4 BCD BCD 7- 7- 7- LED 1-bit 2-bit D/A A/D D/A A/D RAM ROM, PROM EPROM 176 1 20 2012 () : (154) :, 8 2012 :07:30 10:00 2, 5 (150 ) (20) (, ) :1. . 2. . 3. . 4. . 5. . 6. . 177 2 20 - 12 . 4 . 1.() . () , . (1).. (2).. 2.() . 178 3 20 () . (1) (2) 3.() ; () RAM ROM. (1).. (2).. 4. 1 R = 100 k C = 3,3 F. . 1 R = 100 k C = 3, 3 F 179 4 20 () , . = . () , , RC; = 5.() . (1). (2).. () 2 . 2 180 5 20 6.() . () ; .... 7. () LCD LED . () 3 BCD 7-. 3 181 6 20 3210 = 0000 . a = b = c = d = e = f = g = 8.() 7 -. () - , 50. 9. : () 4-bit 4-bit : (1)1 (CLK) (2)4 (CLK) (3)8 (CLK) (4)16 (CLK) .. () : (1) (2) (3) (4) .. 182 7 20 10. (5) , (2) CMOS TTL: (1) . (2) . (3) . (4) . (5) 3 V 15 V.().. .. .. ().. .. .. 11. 1 2. ()RAM (1) ()EEPROM (2) ()PROM (3) ()ROM (4) 183 8 20 12. : (1) A/D , . .. (2) RAM RAM, . (refresh) . .. (3) ROM . .. (4) RC . .. - 4 . 8 . 13.() 4 SR -. . 4 SRQN+1 184 9 20 () 5 SR -. Q -. - RESET (Q = 0). 5 14.() 2-bit - 6. 6 185 10 20 () 2-bit, 7, , (8) (CLK). RESET. 7 () (CLK) 500 kHz, Q -, 14(). fQ0 = ..fQ1 = . 15.() . 186 11 20 () 8 . , 5 V.

8 16. 9 4 S0 S1. 9 S1S0 0 V VI N 10 V 0 t

- 10 V t187 12 20 () . S1 S0 Y () . = () . 188 13 20 - 2 . 10 . 17. 10 . (LSB) R0 = 200 k. 10 () R1, R2 R3. R1 = R2 = R3 = () 10 1 = + 5 V 0 = 0 V. R3R2R1R0 189 14 20 () 4-bit; () 17() (CLK) 1 MHz. 18. 11 2 bit 4 , 0 (Active Low). 11 190 15 20 () . / 1 0 3 2 1 0 0 1 2 3 () , . () . ------------------------------ ---------------------------- 0 = 1 = 2 = 3 = 191 18 20 RUI fT1 RC RL (BOOLE) + = + . = . A . B . C = ( A . B ) . C = A . ( B . C ) A + B + C = ( A + B ) + C =A + (B + C ) A . ( B + C ) = A . B + A . C Boole + 0 = + 1 = 1 . 0 = 0 . 1 = + = + = 1 . = . = 0 = A + A B= AA + A B = A + B ( + ) . ( + C ) = A + B . C (De Morgan) A + B = A . B A . B = A + B 192 19 20 ANDY = A . B ORY = A + B NOTY = A NANDY = A . B NOR Y = A + B EXLUCIVE ORY = A B EXCLUSIVE NORY = A B CLK QfNf1 (Johnson) 193 20 20 D/A D/A ) 2 4 8 (80 1 2 3D D D DRRUin Uoutf D/A )8124121(20 1 2 3D D D DRRUin Uoutf )814121(20 1 2 3D D D DUinUout % 194 : , : (2) (30) . - - -NAND - NOR - - SR-FF D - JK - - - - (TTL) CMOS CMOS TTL 195 / / BCD 2-bit 4 BCD BCD 7- 7- 7- LED BCD 7- 1-bit 2-bit bit / D/A A/D D/A D/A D/A D/A R/2R D/A D/A A/D A/D 196 1 20 2012 () : (155) :, 8 2012 :07:30 10:00 2, 5 (150 ) (20) . (, ). :1. . 2. . 3. . 4. . 5. . 6. ( 19, 20). 197 2 20 - 12 . 4 . 1. . 2.() . .... () = 10 ms. (duty cycle) 60%. tH ( 1) . 3. () . (1). 198 3 20 (2).. () 1 . 1 4.() 7 . () , 50. 5. () LCD LED .... 199 4 20 () 2 BCD 7-. 2 3210 = 0000 . a = b = c = d = e = f = g = 6. . () 4-bit : (1)1 (CLK). (2)4 (CLK). (3)8 (CLK). (4)16 (CLK). .. () , : (1) . (2) . (3) . (4) . .. 200 5 20 7. (2) CMOS TTL: (1) . (2) . (3) . (4) . (5) 3 V 15 V.(1) (2) 8.3 . . 3 D0=................ D1 =................ D2 =................ D3 =................ S1S0D0D1D2D3 00D000 010D00 1000D0 11000D 201 6 20 9. 3ms. 0. Q 4. 4 10. 5 1-bit. .

5 ABXYZ 00 01 10 11 01 2 3456 7 8 91011 12 13 14 15 16t (ms) Q 202 7 20 11. BCD. 12. D 6 4 bit .

6 203 8 20 - 4 . 8 . 13.() 7 SR . . 7 () 8 SR . Q . RESET (Q = 0). 8 14.() 3-bit 9. 9 SRQN+1 QN+1 204 9 20 () 3-bit 14(), 10, , (8) (CLK). RESET. 10 () 3-bit (CLK) 600 kHz, Q (MSB). fQ2(MSB) = . 15.() . Q0 Q1 Q2 205 10 20 ...... () 11 . 5 V.

11 0 V VI N 10 V 0 t

- 10 V t0 206 11 20 16. 12 4 S0 S1. 12 () . S1 S0 Y

() . = .. () . S1S0 207 12 20 - 2 . 10 . 17. 13 . (LSB) R0 = 100 k. 13 () R1, R2 R3. R1 = R2 = R3 = () 13 1 = + 5 V 0 = 0 V. () 4-bit; R3 R2R1R0 208 13 20 () , (), (CLK) 10 MHz. 18. 14 2 bit 4 0, (Active Low). 14 () . / 1 0 3 2 1 0 0 1 2 3 209 14 20 () . () 14. ------------------------------ ---------------------------- 0 = 1 = 2 = 3 = 210 19 20 (BOOLE) + = + . = . A . B . C = ( A . B ) . C = A . ( B . C ) A + B + C = ( A + B ) + C =A + (B + C ) A . ( B + C ) = A . B + A . C Boole + 0 = + 1 = 1 . 0 = 0 . 1 = + = + = 1 . = . = 0 = A + A B= AA + A B = A + B ( + ) . ( + C ) = A + B . C (De Morgan) A + B = A . B A . B = A + B ANDY = A . B ORY = A + B NOT Y = A NAND Y = A . B NOR

Y = A + B EXLUCIVE ORY = A B EXCLUSIVE NOR Y = A B 211 20 20 (Johnson) D/A D/A ) 2 4 8 (80 1 2 3D D D DRRUin Uoutf D/A )8124121(20 1 2 3D D D DRRUin Uoutf )814121(20 1 2 3D D D DUinUout % 212: () : (2) (30) 11.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 3 - 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 4 - 4.1 4.2 5 5.1 (Trade method) 5.2 6 - 6.1 6.2 - 6.3 6.4 7 7.1 7.2 -7.3 7.4 8 8.1 8.2 8.3 9 9.1 9.2 213 10 10.1 10.2 11 11.1 11.2 12 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 13 13.1 13.2 13.3 14 14.1 14.2 15 15.1 15.2 15.3 16 16.1 16.2 17 17.1 17.2 214 2012 () : (156) :, 8 2012 :7:30 10:00 2,5 (150 ) 3 (, ), 16 ( 7). /2 : 1. . 2. . 3. , . 4. 4 (), , . 5. . 2152 (48 ) 4 . 1. . 2. . 3. . . 4. (4) . /3 2163 5. : - - - - 6. , , , , , 1200/ m. . 240 m 1 215 m 2 200 m 3 200 m 4 135 m 7. 1350 m. , , , , : 1,2 m/m 5,5 m/m 100,00/m 16,0/m /4 2174 8. 25 cm, 30x25x10 cm 1:4. 9. C 30/35 , 5,20 m, 3,50 m 30 cm. /5 3,50 m 5,20 m 30 cm 218510. : ) C 20/25, 10 cm. ) 30,00/m2, 11. , 5,00/m, . / /6 . cm. cm. 2196 12. . 28,50 . . . . 12 1,40. . . 24,80 0,20 m . 1,40. 0,90 m .0,20 .0,90. 3 1410,00 . ... 12 1,40., . 10,001,40. . 0,20 . . . /7 2207 (32 ) 8 . 13. , 31/05/2012 235000, 4000, 175000 5% . : :01/01/2012 31/10/2012 :/ : 350000 : 35000 31/05/2012 235000 4000 10% 10% ( max. 5% .) 175000 17% /8 . 5221814. . , 0,95/kg . ( m) (. 7). : , 500 N/mm2 (S 500). /. . /9 6/8/ 6/10/ 7/3/ 7/3/ 1,50 1,20 4,00 4,00 72,00 72,00 144,00 84,00 84,00 12 . 12 . 14 . 7/25/ 6/6/ 6/24/ 1,50 4,60 1,30 262,50 165,60 187,20 8 . . 16 . . . 8 . . 2229 (. . 1 7) . 15. (. 11) : ) C 30/35 , ) C 30/35 , ) C 30/35 , ) C 30/35 . 16. (. 12) : ) () , ) () , ) () , ) . /10 22310 (20 ) 10 . 17. : ) (. 13) , , 25 cm, 30x25x10 cm 1:4. : . ) . ) (. 14) ) .

18. : ) (. 15) , : - , - , 30 cm , . : .

) , ) (..16), /11 22411 /12 15 22512 /13 16 22613 /14 17 22714/15 / / . 17 22815 /16 18 22916 / . 18 230 2012 () : (156) :, 8 2012 231232233234235236- 7 - / (cm)/ (cm)/ (cm) (mm) (kg/m) 1 150 x 140 x 50 K1 50 x 25 1 25 x 5080,395 2 170 x 140 x 50 K2 70 x 25 2 25 x 50 100,617 3 170 x 140 x 50 K3 70 x 25 3 25 x 50 120,888 4 150 x 140 x 50 K4 50 x 25 4 25 x 50 141,208 5 150 x 140 x 50 K5 50 x 25 5 25 x 50 161,578 6 170 x 140 x 50 K6 70 x 25 6 25 x 50 182,000 7 170 x 140 x 50 K7 70 x 25 7 25 x 50 202,466 8 150 x 140 x 50 K8 50 x 25 8 25 x 50 222,984 9 150 x 140 x 50 K9 50 x 25 9 25 x 50 10 170 x 140 x 50K10 70 x 2510 25 x 50 11 170 x 140 x 50K11 70 x 2511 25 x 50 12 150 x 140 x 50K12 50 x 2512 25 x 50 13 25 x 50 237: (I) : (2) (30) . 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 2 2.1 2.2 . 3 3.13.2 , , 3.3 , , , , 3.4 3.5 : () 3.6 3.7 , , 4 4.1 (, , ) 4.2 ,U, 4.3 (, ) 4.4 5 / 5.1 : 2385.2 : 6 1 6.1 , . 7 7.1 : 8 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Modulor Ken / 9 9.1 2399.2 ( , ) / / (, ) / 10. 2 ( ) /. 240 2012 (I) : : , 8 2012 : 7:30 10:00 2,5 (150 ) 3 (, ), 7 4 2 3.

1. . 2. . 3. 1. 4. 2. 5. 2 3. 6. , . 7. , . 8. . 9. . 2412 (48 ) 6 . . 1. :() () . . 2. : () () () 2423 3. , . .

.. .... .. .. 2434 4. . 5. , , . 6 () . 2445 6. . 7. :() () . . . . 2456 8. . . . . . 2467 (32 ) 8 . 1. 9. Andrea Palladio, 7 . , 1:100, : 3:4 ,2:3,3:5,1:2 3,6 m. 10. , 1:100, - . , : . 11. , 1:1, , = 4,8 cm. 12. . , , , . 20 . 2.13. . , . : , , , , . 247d = 4,8 cmEioookd0ioikoEioookouivdspvd3,6 m 3,6 m 3,6 m 3,6 m3:4 2:3 3:5 1:2Xpuoq Toqk/. 1:1EPCTHZH9EHCNYMO ............................................................................ONOMA .................................................................................ON. HATEPA .........................................................................KCAKOZ EEETAZOMENOY .................................................4YAAO ZXEAAZHZ 1 - MEPOZ B'EPCTHZH10Koq kouivd - kd0ioikok/. 1:100EPCTHZH11 EPCTHZH12 =cmsoq oqdd odiovk/. 1:100Hspiypdd kovsk k/idkd248EPCTHZH 13EHCNYMO ............................................................................ONOMA .................................................................................ON. HATEPA .........................................................................KCAKOZ EEETAZOMENOY .................................................4YAAO ZXEAAZHZ 2 - MEPOZ F'KATO+H XCPOY HAPKOYk/. 1:100AEONAZ AAKNHZHZHEZCNZivpiviH/dkopoo249M: , : (2) (30) . 1. . . . . 2. . . . . . 3. . . . . . . . 4. . . . . . . 5. . . . . 6. . . . . . 7. . . . 250 . . . . . . . 8.G.P.S. . (G.P.S.). G.P.S. G.P.S. . G.P.S. G.P.S. . G.P.S. . G.P.S. MENU G.P.S. G.P.S. 9. . . . . . GEAS (Geographical Enquiry & Analysis System). , GEAS. . : , . 251.../ 2: . 2010 (I) : : , 8 2010 : 07.30 - 10.00 2,5 (150 ) (, ) 5 .252-2-.../ 3 - 61. (G.P.S.) .2. .3. , 1 : 5000, 236,00 m 239,00 m . 12 mm, .4. 400 m . m3, 150 cm 240 cm 360 cm.5. . , 4,00 m, 4% -2,80 m. ( = 0,00 m )6. 25 m. 201,5 m, .7. .8. 50,00 m 584,56 m. , 49,94 m. .253-3-.../ 4 8 9. 1, 125. .120A70101B110. , : (m) 20 20 20 20 20E (m2) 49,5 52,8 70,2 64,5 48,3 52,7N .11. 2 . 80,00 m, .+63,20+60,2014,00 mKH 1 : 2()+59,30+57,3014,00 m()KH 1 : 2 2254-4-12. , 3, 1:1000. m2.30ABK 1:100050,00 m65,00 m32,00 m 3 10 13. 4 . 10,00 m.( m).16,50 17,00 18,50 19,3015,50 16,80 17,50 18,4014,00 15,00 16,0015,00 m15,00 m15,00 m 15,00 m 15,00 m 414. H 5 1:200. - () 1:50 () 1:200..../ 5255-5-A A505251535454535352 5256: : 3 :5/ . : . : 1. . . .. . . 2. (,,,, ). (, , ). (,, , ). 3. . . (, ,,,). . .. . 4. . . . .,. ,. .(: ). 5. .(,- , ). ( , - , ). (, ).

6. .(, , ,, ). 2577. . ( , ,( ). 9. - . - - .:, , . . ... , (: ). . . .

11. ... ... ,,,, .. (: , 352-355). 12. (, , , ). ( , , , ). . 13. . . . . . . . . . 14. . . (-,- ). . 15. . . .. . , , . . 258 2012 : : , 8 2012 7:30 - 10:30 (7) : . , . . . 2592 ( 22) 1. : () .

. 0 () : ) . ( 2) ) , ; ( 3) ) . ; ( 3) ) ;( 2) ) ; ( 2) ( 12) 2603 2. , . 15 . 400. 0123456 061830404548 : ) .( 3,5) ) ; ( 2) )8, (5).( 2) ) (ATC) (4) .( 2,5) ( 10) 2614 ( 17) 1. : . 2009700 0001001.400 2010740 0001121.568 2011850 0001201.620 : ) : I. 2009. ( 2) II. 2010-2011.( 2) III. 2010 2011 2009. ( 3) )() . ( 3) ) 2010 2011. ( 2) ( 12) 2. : () (.) 300 30 20 :. . ( 1,5) . . ( 1,5) . . ( 2) ( 5) 2625 ( 21) 1.2011 20.000. 26.000. 33.000. 40.000. : () () 10.0004.000 2.000-------- --------3.000 1.0005.000 : : ) , ( 5) ) .( 10) ( 15) 2.) . ( 1,5) ) 10%, : I. Fisher (V=PT),( 1,5) II.( ). ( 3) ( 6) 2636 ( 19) 1. . 2010, 200 000 2 . : 1,40 0,40 0,20 120110,20 . 0,8. : ) 2011. ( 7) ) , ,; . ( 3) ( 10) 2. , : () () 400300 100250 : ) .( 1) ) . ( 6) ) ; ( 2) ( 9) 2647 ( 21) 1. : 0 1250 2150 3530 40 5510 6-60 : ) .( 4) ) , .( 8) ) . ( 2) ( 14) 2. 2011: : )2011909., . ( 2) ) ; ( 5) ( 7) ( 100) ------ (.) 120 150 30 265:M : (2) (30) , , , . . ISO., ,,, ( ) , , , ISO, / / : ,,, ,, () ,, ISO, / : , , ISO, / : ,,,(), (),,,, , , , () - ISO , ISO : , , () , 266 , (ISO,EN,BSI,DIN,CYS), (,,,, , () .) 1(), , : ,, , 1 : , , , (), - - ,,,,, , (ISO, EN, BSI, DIN), , , ,,, 267 2012 : :, 28 2012 :11.00 13.30 ( )3 2 30 : 1 2 (3) 3 , . 268269270271272 / : (2) (30)

, , , . . ISO . , , , , ( ) , ,ISO, / / : ,,, () ,, ISO, / : , ,ISO, / : ,,,(), (),,,, , , , () - ISO , ISO : , , () , 273 (ISO, EN,BSI,DIN,CYS), (, , , , , () .) 1(), , : , , , 1

: ,,,(),- - ,,,,, ,(ISO,EN,BSI,DIN), , / , ( ): , 274 A 4. IEC 117 . 1. A-A; (40 ): 1 2 . 1,2, 4 5 6, 3 6 8 . 1 5 6 . 2. -; AAI. :

::M 3. . BA 6. . D+B+DFB-D-61GD- D+DF12V 5. ( ) IEC 117 .() 49() 53() 86() 85()4() 1275 . :

::A57 - S13 - 153031C1+C1-12171213141516S1: 15 2A171: 3c rs/rt1: 10 ws/gnX1: 12 br/viY23: 3 rsY23: 7 blF1315AA11-I - A171: 3 sw/rt 2930 C1: - brS61: 1 sw/ws 123C1: - br 456A57: 7 wsS249 - 33 Y23: 12 grgr/blbrCAN-HCAN-Lsw/gesw/wssw/blsw/gngr/blgr/geA171E20 X101 S13S61Y233634353738Y23: 4 gnY23: 1 ge3C1c3c A11-I: 1 rs/rtC1: + A171 - S13: 2 sw 1A57: 29 sw/rt 3S249: 8 rs/rt 5C1: - br 9S61 - Kick-downS249: 1 sw/ws 1210987Y23 - 1234678A57: 35 geA57: 12 rsA57: 34 gnA57: 38 wsA57: 13 bl91011A57: 33 gr 12 1: 2: sw/bl13gr/gert/viS249 A14109 2 583X11012 417 63836371415 16 17 33 351312 3430LH 1 729121 2Y117 B134 B133 S2962 10138 9 11 12 173 4F210AF310A85868730K21315 9 33c1cA11-I2317 1 (40 ) : ( 1) ( 2) :) , , ) .A57276 2(20 ) . , . .B . :

::277: ,

: (2) (30) , , , , , , . ISO ,,, ( ) , , . ( , ) ,,ISO, / , , , . , : ,// , , , , ,,/ 278 2012 : : , 28 2012 : 11.00 13.30 ( ) 3 2 30 : 1 2 (3) 3 , . 279. : :: 5 2. 3 1 4 1 . . . 1 . . 2 , -. 6 . . /1234 2 4 - (F.C.U.). 1 . ( 40 ): . 1- 4 6. 5 6 8. 1 - 4 . 5 6 . 1 123456/280. : :: 3. (Kcal/h) (mm) (mm) (mm)500 600 500 6002403604806007208409601080120013201440168018002040215 248322 3724295366447518589661073118012871502160918244956207448699931117124113651489173718612109420631841105212621472168218932103231325242945315535765007501000125015001750200022502500275030003510376042295219521242155318632174248427953106341837274348455852807181077143617952154251228713230358939484307502553846102500 600 (mm)E 1(40 ) 1:100.() 1, 3. ( 9)() , ( 1:100)( 9)() ( 14)() 4 , , 1 2.( 6)() 5 .( 2) (40 ) 5 = 28502900 6006001011 1. 2 ..1 7,8,9,10 11281. : :: (20 ) 2 (20 ) , .() , , () .( 10)() .( 10)12345678910/282: : (2) (30) 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 . 3.5 (). 3.6 4 () 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 2837 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 : : (, , , , ) , 2, 3 284 2012 : : , 28 2012 : 11.00 - 13.30 2,5 (150 ) ( ), 3 (4), 1, 2, 3, 4 (3). / / : 1 4 () , /, 3. . 1. 1 2 1. 2. 3 4 2. 3. 5 3. 4. 6 4. 5. . 6. , . 7. . 8. . 9. 28550%50%50%50%50%50%AANOMEZl l450,1l0,1l 0,3l0,3l 0,1l0,1l1212450,1l450,1l0,2l0,2l0,1l450,1l1212AANOMEZZYNEXOMENH HAAKA450,1l450,1lKANONEZ AHOKOHHZ OHAIZMOY FIA HAAKEZ228650%50%AM4EPEZTH AOKOZ12l50 mm0,08l1250 mm0,08lZOA. 4545OHAZMOZ ZTHPEHZ ANC30 mmZOA. 1230 mmOHAZMOZ ZTHPEHZ KATC50%50%ZYNEXOMENH AOKOZ50%50%120,1ll450,15l0,25l450,15l0,25l120,15lKANONEZ AHOKOHHZ OHAIZMOY FIA AOKOYZ3287288289290291292: : (2) (30) 1 ( ) 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2 ( ) 2.1 2.2 2.3 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 : : (, , , , ) , 2, 3 293 2011 : : , 28 2011 : 11.00 - 13.30 2,5 (150 ) ( ), 3 4( ), (4 3) 4 3. / / : 4 () , /, 3. 1. 3. 2. 4 () 10 ( 40). 3. 2 () 30 ( 60). 4. 1 2 1. 5. 3 4 2. 6. 5 3. 7. 6 4. 8. . 9. , . 10. . 11. .12. . 13. . / 2 29450%50%50%50%l2AANOMEZAANOMEZ45450,5l1l1HPOEXOYZA HAAKA450,1l20,2l20,1l20,1l2l112KANONEZ AHOKOHHZ OHAIZMOY FIA HAAKEZ229550%50%AM4EPEZTH AOKOZ12l50 mm0,08l1250 mm0,08lZOA. 4545OHAZMOZ ZTHPEHZ ANC30 mmZOA. 1230 mmOHAZMOZ ZTHPEHZ KATC50%50%ZYNEXOMENH AOKOZ50%50%120,1ll450,15l0,25l450,15l0,25l120,15lKANONEZ AHOKOHHZ OHAIZMOY FIA AOKOYZ3296

297A A+0,35Kd/uvqspvdKATO+H ZOFEOYKA. 1:50ZXEAO 1298A AKATO+H OPO4OYKA. 1:50ZXEAO 229925TOMH A-AKA. 1:50ZXEAO 3300HZC (BOPEA) O+HkA. 1:50ZXEAO 4301KATO+H KOYZNAZKA. 1:50AZKHZH 1:Aivsdi q kouivd q kdoikid ou dpdpqdo, os k/idkd 1:50.Nd idppu0ioss o opo du kd po /sioupyik, s oq d spyovoik sy0q, kdi ovd uq opiyovo /sioupyid q kouivd, osiovd ou ykou, d spdpkid kdi ov ddpdiqo so/io qkouivd (vspoq s i/q /skvq, /uvqpio iov, q/skpikq soid s opvo kdi uysio). (Movs 10)AZKHZH 2:Aivsdi q koq ok/d (k/idkd), os k/idkd 1:50.Nd osioss, os k/idkd 1:50, qv oq 1-1 q ok/d (k/idkd). Nd uo/oyioss kdi vd dvdypss d uspdod sisd A, B kdi F. (Movs 10)Zqsioosi:-To /o (qd) ov d0iov q ok/d sivdi 30 cm kdi o o 18 cm.-H ok/d sivdi kddoksudovq d o/iovo okupsd kdi o o q /kd sivdi 15 cm.EHCNYMO ............................................................................ONOMA .................................................................................AP. TAYT. ...................... KCA . EEETAZ. ..............................4YAAO ZXEAAZHZ 1 - MEPOZ AKATO+H ZKAAAZKA. 1:50302A1 250x500K1 250x500K2 500x250K3 500x250K4 250x500A2 250x500A3 250x500A4 250x500580300325Y10-4-150TY14-5-300TY8-3-200T+BY10-4-150T133FFAA2Y12-1302Y12-430302Y14-32Y12-25001 22Y12-4125 125 125 125BB1 14434342 24250340 340Y10-5-1005054050540TOMHA-Ak/. 1:20TOMHB-Bk/. 1:20250500150250500150250500150TOMHF-Fk/. 1:20Y12-1-300BY12-7-150TY12-2-300BY8-3-200BY14-5-300T Y8-3-200TY12-6-300TY8-3-200TY8-3-200B300325 120AZKHZH 3:Aivsdi q koq u/uou poouod /kdkdi q oq A-A . Ao s/sqoss qv oq A-A q poouod/kd, vd ou/qpooss d vs ksv op0oyovid oqv koq u/uou, dvdypovd ou o/ioo, oduoi divovdi oqv oq. (Movs 10)AZKHZH 4:Nd osioss oi kd /o o A-A, B-B kdi F-F q dipsioq oko ov o/io kdi vd dvdypssou dpi0o dvdop, oovd s i /qpoopis ou ivovdi oqv kd qko oq q. ( O/s oiidoosi sivdi os mm). (Movs 10)EHCNYMO ............................................................................ONOMA .................................................................................AP. TAYT. ...................... KCA . EEETAZ. ..............................4YAAO ZXEAAZHZ 2 - MEPOZ AKATA MHKOZ TOMH AM4EPEZTHZ AOKOY303AZKHZH 5:Zo Hdppqd ivovdi q koq iooysiou, q koq opou,q oq A-Akdi q ioo (psid) q kdoikid os k/idkd 1:50.Nd osioss os k/idkd 1:50, qv pooq (vid q) q kdoikid, /dvovd uq /s i /qpoopis ou ivovdi od oid ou dpdpqdo. (Movs 30)Zqsioosi:Oi idoosi ivovdi os skdoospd (cm) kdi d uspd os pd (m). Oou sv dvdypovdi idoosi vd uo/oyioov ypdik.To o /ov ov dpd0pov sivdi 120 cm, sk ov dpd0pov ov viov kdi doopqqpiov ou sivdi 80 cm.EHCNYMO ............................................................................ONOMA .................................................................................AP. TAYT. ...................... KCA . EEETAZ. ..............................4YAAO ZXEAAZHZ 3 - MEPOZ B304A B Fl=3200l=320011 5 1 516 6 444432 2125 12532 2Y10-7-100 Y10-7-1002Y12-12Y14-52Y12-62Y12-12Y12-42Y12-2 2Y12-25003033030303030320125 125320125 125480 48054050540502Y12-4800 800540 5402Y14-3 2Y14-350 50AZKHZH 6:Aivsdi q kd qko oq, os k/idkd 1:20, ouvssvq oko s ov o/io q.(d)Nd osioss oo opo ko d qv kd qko oq q oko, o dvuyd ou idqkq o/ioo q, os k/idkd 1:20, kdi vd dvdypss ou ouo/ioo ou o/ioo.(Movs 15)()Ao ouou/susis ou kdvvs dokoq o/ioo yid oko (os/. 3), vd uo/oyioss d qkq /ov ov pov kdi vd d dvdypss oo dvuyd ou o/ioo. (Movs 15)KATA MHKOZ TOMH ZYNEXOMENHZ AOKOYKA. 1:20OAEZ O AAZTAZEZ ENA ZE mm.EHCNYMO ............................................................................ONOMA .................................................................................AP. TAYT. ...................... KCA. EEETAZ. ..............................4YAAO ZXEAAZHZ 4 - MEPOZ B305: : (2) (30) 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313: : (2) (30) O: / / . / : ( ), , , , , , , , . 1 1.1 1.2 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 4 4.1 / 4.2 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 6 314 2012

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5TEAOZ AOKIMIOY323KATO+H KATOKAZKA. 1:50AZKHZEZ 1 kdi2EHCNYMO ............................................................................ONOMA .................................................................................ON. HATEPA .........................................................................KCAKOZ EEETAZOMENOY..................................................4YAAO ZXEAAZHZ 1 - MEPOZ A'324AFBd).......................) ....................... y) .......................) .......................s).......................HNAKAZKATO+H ZKAAAZKA. 1:20AZKHZH 3EHCNYMO ............................................................................ONOMA .................................................................................ON. HATEPA .........................................................................KCAKOZ EEETAZOMENOY .................................................AZKHZH44YAAO ZXEAAZHZ 2 - MEPOZ A'325AZKHZH 5EHCNYMO ...