P E O P L E

THE C O V E R .

Nobel Ceremony Honors Chemists Prize winners for 1953 typify the sort of contribu­

tion chemistry makes to fields of medicine and biology

τ Ν STOCKHOLM last month the King of •*- Sweden presented the Nobel Prize for Chemistry to Germany's Hermann Staudinger. Honored at the same time were biochemists, Fritz Lipmann and Kans Adolf Krebs, who shared the Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medi­cine.

Hermann Staudinger, professor emeritus of organic chemistry at the University of Freiburg, was cited for his work in the field of high polymers (C&EN, Nov. 16, 1953, page 4760) . Prof. Staudinger did pioneer work on natural organic polymers, such as cellu­lose and rubber, as well as some of the first synthetic macromolccules. It was he who first proposed the theory of the high molecular weight polymers—a theory which was first questioned and disputed but now undeniably con­firmed.

Staudinger's influence has been world-wide, not only through his own researches on structure of complex or­ganic materials but also as head, first of the organic chemistry department at Karlsruhe Chemical Institute and later at the Technische Hochschule, Zurich, and at Freiburg. In outlining Stau­dinger's work at the Stockholm cere­mony, Arne Fredga, Uppsala Univer­sity, put it this way: Even though he has not taken a direct part in the tech­nical and industrial development [of plastics], this development is scarcely conceivable without his energetic and bold pioneer work.

Presentation of the prize for physi­ology and medicine to Krebs and Lip­mann was an acknowledgment of fast and significant contributions to the re­search into functions of the living cell. Krebs was specifically recognized for his discovery of the citric acid cycle (also known as the "Krebs Cycle") in the metabolism of carbohydrates. In his now famous experiment pyruvic acid was mixed with oxaloacetic acid and incubated with minced muscle in absence of air. Pyruvic acid is formed in the earlier stages of carbohydrate metabolism.

As the metabolism progressed, citric acid was formed with elimination of carbon dioxide. Further losses of car­bon dioxide produced a-ketoglutaric acid and succinic acid. The cycle was then completed through fumaric and malic acids back to the oxaloacetic

directox of the unit for research in cell metabolism of the Medical Research Council . During World War II he di­rected a group of conscientious ob­jectors who helped in experiments on vitamin, deficiencies at Sorby Research Insti tute.

Fritz: Lipmann received his part of the p r i ze in recognition of his isolation of coenzyme A. An important part in the discoveries of both Krebs and Lip­mann was played by the pigeon in the role of experimental animal. Krebs used its muscle tissues and Lipmann found his coenzyme A in pigeon liver. Co­enzyme A is a compound of a rather small molecule which, when united with th*e enzyme protein, acquires the proper ty of binding acetic acid. Acetic acid is normally quite unreactive, but when b>ound in this way becomes labile and reactive. Lipmann's discovery as­sumed an even wider scope when he and otHers showed that acids other than acetic are also activated by coenzyme A, w h e n bound to other enzymes and proteirLS.

The coenzyme A of Lipmann is a pantothenic acid derivative. It is in­volved in t h e acetylation of aromatic amines in the liver and in the system in the bra in responsible for choline acety­lation. The coenzyme may also be in­volved in a reaction in liver producing a compound resembling acetylphos-phate from acetate and adenylpyro-phosphate.

Lipmann, also born and educated in Germany, is now director of biochemi­cal research at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. In 1948 he was singled out for the Carl Neuberg Medal of the American Society of European

Left to right. Nobel Laureates Fritz Lipmann, Hans Krebs, Hermann Staudinger, and Fritz Zernike check time before they enter the hall to receive prizes

acid, which was ready to combine with more pyruvic acid.

Said the British Medical Journal: In tracing the course of this cycle, Krebs was not breaking entirely new ground, but he has solved problems which had long puzzled many workers in a crowded field of research, and he has illuminated what had previously been a maze of obscurities.

Some 20 years ago, Krebs and his associate, H. Henseleit, working with liver slices, established the general chemical mechanisms by which am­monia is converted to urea. From their observations they proposed another cycle—now known as the Krebs-Hense-leit cycle—for urea synthesis, involving ornithine, citrulline, arginine, ammonia, and carbon dioxide.

Paying tribute to Krebs at the Nobel ceremony, E. Hammarstcn, Karolinska Institutet, said: "Out of the chaos of isolated reactions Krebs succeeded in extracting the basic system for the es­sential pathway of oxidation processes within the cell. His penetrating intui­tion was so clear and true and his grasp of the problem so keen from the start that none of his original ideas has had to be revised."

German-born Hans Adolf Krebs is now a British citizen, professor of bio­chemistry at Sheffield University and

162 C H E M I C A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G N E W S

Chemists and Pharmacists (C&EN, March 22, 1948, page 860) .

Nobel prizes, currently worth $33,-840, are traditionally presented on Dec. 10—anniversary of the death of founder Alfred Nobel. The Sv/edish Academy of Science awards the prizes for physics and chemistry. The academy has ap­

pointed special committees to make the necessary investigation and examination of proposed awards. T h e Caroline Medico-Surgical Institute awards the pr ize for physiology and medicine and also has a special committee for ex­amining and reporting on the prize awards.

Swearingen Award to Rollwitz and O 'Meara

Left to right. William Rollwitz and John O'Meara of the physics department of Southwest Research Institute are presented with the first Judson F. Swearingen Scientific Research Achievement Award by C. A. Culver, chairman of the award committee and chairman of the physics department at Trinity University. The winners are cited for the "pioneer work in the nuclear resonance at low magnetic field strengths." Left. Judson S. Swearingen, consultant to the institute, former oil refiner, and once professor of engineering at the University of Texas, who established the $100 award, to be made annually to a member of the SRI

I N D U S T R Y Lane to Assist M C A President

Cleveland Lane, formerly manager of public relations at Pennsalt, has been

appointed assistant to the president of Manufacturing Chemists Associa­tion to direct the p u b l i c r e l a t i o n s program. He has served on the pub­lic relations advis­ory committee of MCA and for the

past two months has been on loan from Pennsalt as acting director of MCA's public relations program.

W . B. Baker appointed director of field sales, antibiotic division, S. B. Penick Co., New York.

George H. Barlow appointed pur­chasing agent of Jefferson Chemical.

Douglas K. Bonn to head govern­m e n t department of U. S. Rubber Co. in Washington.

Karl J. Brunings has been promoted to director of chemical research and development at Chas. Pfizer & Co. a t Brooklyn. Ernest M. Weber was named direc­tor of biochemical

Karl J. Brunings research and de­velopment. Both had been associate directors.

F . H. Crymes named sales district manager in Chicago for Hercules Pow­der 's synthetics department. W. F .

Power named San Francisco manager and F . W . Beavers, Cincinnati man­ager.

Lee V. Dauler elected president and D. W. Kelso vice president of Neville Chemical Co. , Pittsburgh, Pa.

William R. Ellis, vp «and member of board, Hercules Powder, retires after 39 years of service.

Logan B- Emlet appointed manager of production of the atomic energy ac­tivities at Oak Ridge and Paducah for Carbide and Carbon Chemicals. Suc­ceeds W. B . Humes, now manager of operations of Union Carbide Canada, Ltd., Toronto, Ont.

Al Gaines leaves Chemi-Form Corp. to become research chemist for aerosols with Helene Curtis Industries.

Duncan E . Hutcheon, Gerard Van Halsema, and Tom J. McBride join biochemical staff of Chas. Pfizer & Co., Brooklyn.

P . M. Johnson, R. E. Thompson, and J. C. Smith join Dow Chemical's Texas division, Freeport.

Sally Klein, Rosina Lancellotti, Rob­ert Carbonnel , Dale Connolly, and AJ-thea Clark join staff of Fleischmann Laboratories, Stamford, Conn., as chemists.

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Kenneth H. Klipstein appointed gen­eral manager of newly created research

division of Ameri­can C y a n am id. New division to operate Stamford Research Labora­tories and super­vise other research and development programs. L. C. D u n c a n n a m e d general manager of

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L. C. Duncan A. B. Cîow

organic chemicals division, with V. E. Atkins, assistant general manager. The division will merge and consolidate ac­tivities of petrochemicals division with those of Calco chemical division. A. B. Clow named general manager and A. R. Loosli assistant general manager of the new fine chemicals division, Prince­ton, N. J. A new pigments division, responsible for production and sale of titanium dioxide and other pigments formerly handled by Calco, will be headed by J. Allegaert, general man­ager and A. B. Hettrick, assistant.

ASI-Chemieal Al l -American

The nomination of John Hall to C&EN's Second All-Chemical Ail-American team came too late for consideration, but he is certainly worthy of mention for the team. Nominated by Collier's for 1953's "Un­sung Lineman," he was an outstanding performer in die line and led the team scholastically the past year, with 14 A's and 3 B's in Vanderbilt's tough chemical engineering course

1 6 4 C H E M I C A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G N E W S

PEOPLE

John C. Kosmos promoted from chemist to manager of technical serv­ice, metal finishing division, Chemical Corp., Springfield, Mass. Harold L . Mitchell named manager of the d e ­velopment laboratory.

Peter T. Lamont and Howard W . Page elected to board of directors of Standard Oil Co. (N. J . ) .

Bruce Lister promoted to assistant laboratory director, product and proc­ess development, General Foods central laboratories, Hoboken, N. J.

R. Blayne Mc-Curry has been ap­pointed president and a director of Schenley Labora­tories, Inc., phar­maceutical sales s u b s i d i a r y o f Schenley Indus­tries, Inc. He has been in charge of

creative advertising and public rela­tions for Abbott Laboratories.

J. D. McPherson appointed assistant manager of the manufacturers chemi­cals department, American Cyanamid Co.

Donald Mar t in from General Dye-stuff Corp. joins Riedl & Freede as ac­count executive.

Christian J. Mat thew named to b e in charge of the San Francisco office

C. J. Matthew R. G. Newhall of Arthur D. Little, Inc. He has been a staff member of the firm in Cam­br idge , Mass. Richard G. Newhall also |oins the San Francisco office.

Myrl E. Miller named manager of process development for engineering planning department at Mathieson Chemical Corp., Baltimore.

Richard T. Mitch joins high polymer research department of Industrial Rayon Corp. as a research chemist, Cleveland.

J. P . Murray named superintendent of the Y-12 atomic energy plant of Carb ide and Carbon Chemicals at Oak Ridge , Tenn. R. G. Jordan succeeds hum as superintendent of the gaseous cliffusion plant at Paducah.

F . T. Rabbitts from radioactivity di­vision at Department of Mines and Technical Surveys, Ottawa, Ont., be­comes research metallurgist in research and development division of Eldorado Mining and Refining, Ltd., Ottawa.

Howard F . Schnepp from Detroit office moves to Midland plant of Dow Chemical to work in molding powders section.

Leonard Shapiro joins titanium alloy manufacturing division, National Lead Co., Niagara Falls, as senior chemist in research department.

The following chemists and chemi­

cal engineers have been appointed to atomic energy staffs of Carbide & Car­bon Chemicals at Oak Ridge: Jacob F. Simmons, Jr., Jack L. Mor tem, David M. Cleveland, Jr., Richard J . Luck, Harry E. Shatley, and Paul E. Stein.

Paul D . Sternglanz from Remington Rand joins Olin Industries a t New Haven, Conn., as analytical research chemist. Janice M. Gaffney from American Insulated Wire Corp. to assist him.

Bernt Thelander from Du Pont joins paint plant of A. B. Dulac, Stockholm, Sweden, as plant manager.

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Morton E. Yohalem resigns from RFC post of special deputy for rubber facilities disposal. To enter private practice of law in Washington.

Robert J. Zipse joins John Powell & Co., New York, as domestic sales man­ager. R. H. Hodgson to b e his assistant.

EDUCATION Leslie Aitchison, retired professor of

industrial metallurgy, University of Birmingham, England, given the Plati­num Medal of the Institute of Metals in recognition of his services to metal­lurgy in industry, in education, and in public service.

Theodore W . Beiler, National Insti­tutes of Health, joins chemistry faculty of Stetson University, DeLand, Fla.

Charles D. Coryell of MIT on sab­batical year; leaves for Rehovoth, Is­rael, to take u p a visiting professorship as Louis Lipsky Fellow at Weizmann Institute of Science.

Alfred M. Ewing

Alfred M. Ew­ing returns from a three-year world tour and chemical lectureship in Ko­rea, Japan, and the Philippines. Now head of chemistry department, Okla­homa City Univer­sity.

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Robert Filler leaves Wright Air De­velopment Center to become an in­structor in chemistry department , Wes­ley a n University, Delaware, Ohio.

Aubrey W. Lawrence joins Western State College of Colorado, Gunnison, as professor of chemistry and head of the department.

Alfred P. Mills returns to University of Miami, Coral Gables, Fla., as as­sistant professor of physical chemistry after 17 months' active Navy duty.

Linus Pauling of Caltech leaves on trip around the world dur ing which he will lecture in Greece, Israel, India, and Japan.

Gerrit Willem Hendrik Schepers of Johannesburg, South Africa, named director of the Saranac Laboratory of the Trudeau-Saranac Institute, Tru­deau, Ν. J.

Robert L. S tubbings, research asso­ciate in chemistry at Lehigh Univer­sity, Bethlehem, Pa., named director of the division of leather technology at Lehigh University Institute of Research. Succeeds the late Edwin R. Theis.

166 C H E M I C A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G N E W S

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