M Russak Presentation 3 03 rev A - THIC · BPI/TPI 9.4 8.2 7.4 6.3 5.3 4.4 ... January 2000) In...

MR/am

Presented at the THIC Meeting at the Sony Auditorium, 3300 Zanker Rd, San Jose CA 95134-1940

March 4-5, 2003

MEDIA TECHNOLOGYCurrent Status and Future Trends

Dr. Michael A. RussakPresident & Chief Technical Officer

Komag, Incorporated1710 Automation ParkwaySan Jose CA 95131-1873

MR/am

MEDIA TECHNOLOGYCurrent Status and Future Trends

Dr. Michael A. RussakPresident & Chief Technical Officer

Komag, Incorporated1710 Automation Parkway

San Jose, CA

Presented at the THIC Meeting at the Sony Auditorium, 3300 Zanker Rd, San Jose CA 95134

March 4-5, 2003

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

10

100

1000

10

1520

3040

60

80120

160240

320480

640960

1280

920

100% CAGR60% CAGR40% CAGRDTR @ MR160DTR @ MR240DTR @ MR320

PerpendicularPerpendicular

Areal Density & Capacity vs. Time

YearYear

Are

al D

ensi

ty (G

b/in

Are

al D

ensi

ty (G

b/in

22 ))

ConventionalConventional

SAFSAF

PatternedPatternedHAMRHAMR

Long. AD DemoLong. AD Demo135 Gb/in135 Gb/in22

853 kbpi, 158 ktpi853 kbpi, 158 ktpi

Perp. AD DemoPerp. AD Demo111Gb/in111Gb/in22


MR/am

Longitudinal Data Recording Longitudinal Data Recording ProcessProcess

MR/am

Magnetic Spacing BudgetT

hick

ness

Sep

arat

ion

(Å)

0

50

100

150

200

20 50 100 150Areal Density (Gb/in2)

FLY HGT (Å)HALF MAG. THKDISK OC (Å)HEAD OC (Å)PTR (Å)

GMR Head

MR/am

Bit Size Vs. Recording Density

0.15µm

3 µm

0.8 µm

0.064 µm

0.16 µm

0.034 µm

0.13 µm

0.028 µm

Gb/in2 KBPI KTPI

1996 1 160 6.5

2000 10 400 25

2003 100 750 133

2005 150 900 170

7MR/am

Product Roadmap – 95mm Form Factor

Production Launch 3Q01 3Q02 1Q03 1Q04 1Q05 4Q05 2006GB/Platter ( 95mm) 40 60 80 120 160 240 320Areal Density (Gb/in2) 29 40 60 90 120 180 240KTPI 55 70 90 120 150 200 TBDKBPI 516 571 667 750 800 900BPI/TPI 9.4 8.2 7.4 6.3 5.3 4.4

Magnetics

Magnetic Structure Conventional Conventional Conv/SAF SAF SAF/Per Perpendicular Perpendicular

VSM Coercivity 3700-3900 4000-4300 4000-5000 4300-5300 4500-5500 5000-6000

Mrt 0.35-0.38 0.3-0.37 0.25-0.35 0.2-0.3 0.2-0.3 0.4-0.8

0.4-0.8

MR/am

Magnetic Coercivity and MrT Product

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

Mag

netic

Coe

rciv

ity (O

e)

3 4 5 6 7 8 9

12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

102 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

100

Areal Density (Gb/in2)

2.4

2.2

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

MrT Product (m

emu/cm

2)

INDUCTIVE

SAF

Hc

MrT

MR/am

Coercivity vs. Mrt for Longitudinal Media Alloys

Avg. Grain Size = 7 nm

7000

6500

6000

5500

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

Hc

(Oe)

1.00.90.80.70.60.50.40.30.2

MrT (memu/cm 2 )

Non-EpitaxialEpitaxial I

Epitaxial II

Epitaxial III

Epitaxial IV

Epitaxial V

SAF

MR/am

100 GB/in2

150 GB/in2

Grain Size Reduction

MR/am

Grain Size Distribution Improvement

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

302520151050Grain Size (nm)

80GB/Platter<D>= 9.1nm ; Sigma=0.24

Decay Rate= 0.4 %/Decade

20GB/Platter<D>=10.8 nm ; Sigma=0.41

Decay Rate= 0.7 %/Decade

( )( )2250

/131.0

><+=

VSaBWPWSNR

σ(H. Zhou and H.N. Bertram, IEEE Trans. Magn., Vol. 36, No.1, pp. 61-66, January 2000)

In absence of exchange, once σ/<v> is~15% or less there is negligible impact on SNR

MR/am

Oriented Magnetics

• Orientation provides 2 to 3 dB of SNR gain over isotropic magnetics.

• Can we keep the same level of MrT OR for next generations ?

Yes, we cannot afford to give it up

MR/am

Texture Roughness and Orientation Ratio

2.2

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0

MrT

Orie

ntat

ion

Rat

io

12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10TMS Roughness (Angstroms)

2.2

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0

Hc O

rientation Ratio

MrT OR Hc OR

MR/am

Cross-Section TEM Image of Longitudinal Media

Mechanical texture must sustain magnetic OR development (necessary to maintain SNR) while satisfying head flyability requirements (e.g., glide avalanche)

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

10

100

1000

10

1520

3040

60

80120

160240

320480

640960

1280

920




YearYear

Are

al D

ensi

ty (G

b/in

Are

al D

ensi

ty (G

b/in

22 ))


SAFSAF






MR/am

Perpendicular Data Recording Perpendicular Data Recording ProcessProcess

MR/am

Perpendicular Media Candidates

• Granular– Co Alloys with Cr, B, oxides as segregants to reduce

intergranular exchange coupling.

• Multilayer– Co/Pd, Co/Pt, etc…

• Ordered Compounds– CoPt (L10), FePt (L10), etc…

• Oxides– Ba-Ferrite

• Rare-Earth Based– CoSm, CoFeTb, etc…

MR/am

Why Granular Media ?• Media Noise

– Of all the candidates, granular media offers the easiest way to achieve low noise.

• Familiarity– The manufacturing methods are extensions of current

(or recent) technologies.• Manufacturability

– Moderate heating or room-temperature processes, possible to make using current equipment. Higher throughput potential.

MR/am

Perpendicular Media Structure

n=1

n=5...

o/c

Mag. L.

N.L.S.L.

MR/am

TEM image of State of the Art filmTEM image of State of the Art film

20 nm20 nm

Average grain size ~7.5 nmAverage grain size ~7.5 nm

MR/am

Grain Size Distribution of Latest Perpendicular Media

Grain number-frequency histogram of perpendicular media (E3126)

020406080

100120140160180200

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Grain size (nm)

Num

ber-

freq

uenc

y

MR/am

-20000 -10000 0 10000 20000-3x10-4

-2x10-4

-1x10-4

0

1x10-4

2x10-4

3x10-4Perpendicular and In-plane Loops

File: K2889

Perpendicular In-plane

HK: 12.5-16 kOe (-15.0 kOe)

Mom

ent (

emu)

H (kOe)

AGFM Loops of Perpendicular Media

MR/am

SNR Evolution for Boron and Oxide Granular Media

20

15

10

5

SNR

[dB

]

26242220181614121086420

Time [months]

- 6 dB

+ 7.9 dB

Boron Alloy Media Oxide Alloy Media

Dec. 2000 February 2003

MR/am

MFM Images of Recorded Transitions on E3289

100 KFCI1000 KFCI

MR/am

BTD: OTC4 747 Curve at 691kBPI

221F, F9F0OKKDS0, 332.5Mb/s, 691kBPI, Komag S3087D1, 8% squeeze

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

TRACK PITCH (uin)

OTC

4

-5.5

-5

-4.5

-4

-3.5

-3

-2.5

-2

-1.5

-1

OT

C_E

FL

OTC410% TPOTC_EFL

145KTPI

691 X 145 = 100.2Gbpsi

MR/am

0 1 2 3 4 5log10(Time(seconds))

0.91

0.92

0.93

0.94

0.95

0.96

0.97

0.98

0.99

1.00

1.01

Nor

mal

ized

100

-kFC

I Am

plitu

de

E2575-SA#20 (CoCrPtO) 100-kFCI Amplitude Decay At Ambient Temperature

Decay Rate = 0.02 %/decade, Goodness of Fit R2 = 0.0002

MR/am

Criteria & Considerations For Criteria & Considerations For Perpendicular Media IntroductionPerpendicular Media Introduction

•• What performance advantage is needed for perpendicular What performance advantage is needed for perpendicular media to be considered POR for a product?media to be considered POR for a product?–– Areal density demonstration for perpendicular media about 2x Areal density demonstration for perpendicular media about 2x

higher than for longitudinal media? higher than for longitudinal media? (Current Demos: (Current Demos: PerpPerp.: 111 .: 111 GbGb/in/in22, 850 , 850 kbpikbpi, 131 , 131 ktpiktpi; Long.: 135 ; Long.: 135 GbGb/in/in22, 853 , 853 kbpikbpi, 158 , 158 ktpiktpi) )

–– Extra margin in performance needed to account for the unexpectedExtra margin in performance needed to account for the unexpectedthat accompanies a new technology introduction.that accompanies a new technology introduction.

•• Perpendicular media cost expected to be higher than Perpendicular media cost expected to be higher than longitudinal media costlongitudinal media cost–– Perpendicular media sputter material cost delta expected to be Perpendicular media sputter material cost delta expected to be

significantsignificant•• Perpendicular media manufacturing will affect media production Perpendicular media manufacturing will affect media production

capacitycapacity–– For inFor in--situ static sputtering machines, perpendicular media capacity situ static sputtering machines, perpendicular media capacity

could be less than 60% of longitudinal capacity.could be less than 60% of longitudinal capacity.

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

10

100

1000

10

1520

3040

60

80120

160240

320480

640960

1280

920




YearYear

Are

al D

ensi

ty (G

b/in

Are

al D

ensi

ty (G

b/in

22 ))


SAFSAF






Discrete Track Recording (DTR) TechnologyDiscrete Track Recording (DTR) Technology

SNRSNRDTRDTR = SNR= SNRConvConv + 2.0 dB+ 2.0 dB

Reader Width:Reader Width: RRDTRDTR >> RRConvConv

WWDTRDTR

RRDTRDTR

TTWWGGWWTTSS

WWDTRDTR >> WWConvConvWriter Width:Writer Width:

SNRSNRmediamedia::

Advantages DTR over Conventional For Same Track SpacingAdvantages DTR over Conventional For Same Track Spacing

SNRSNRDTRDTR = SNR= SNRConvConv + 3.9 dB+ 3.9 dBSNRSNRelectronicelectronic::

WWConvConv

RRConvConv

TTWW

Erasure BandsErasure Bands

Higher data rate/reliability and/or higher areal density Higher data rate/reliability and/or higher areal density and/or higher fly height and/or higher fly height Higher SNR of DTR:Higher SNR of DTR:

DTR Increases the Head Read and Write Width Tolerances DTR Increases the Head Read and Write Width Tolerances Improving Head YieldsImproving Head Yields

MR/am

• TDK showed data on a DTR disk that they are produced recently at the Joint [NA]PMRC conference in Monterey (Y. Soeno et al):

Recent TDK Demo of DTR TechnologyRecent TDK Demo of DTR Technology

SEM photo of the fabricated discrete tracksComparison of track profile in both discrete track

and continuous magnetic film media

MR/am

Key Issues/Challenges for DTR

• Technology has been around since the 1970s• Several barriers to implementation

– Ability to produce DTR structures with steep groove walls and defect free surfaces

– Full surface compliance– Flyability– Developing a manufacturing process with low cost

and high yield

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

10

100

1000

10

1520

3040

60

80120

160240

320480

640960

1280

920




YearYear

Are

al D

ensi

ty (G

b/in

Are

al D

ensi

ty (G

b/in

22 ))


SAFSAF






MR/am

Media Evolution Expected to Continue As Generally Predicted

• Conventional - 80 GB (Maybe 120 GB)– Multilayer Films, Directly Coupled– Don’t Overlook OR Effects

• SAF/AFC - 120 GB (Some 80 GB) – 240 GB – Ferri-magnetically Coupled Films

• Low “Effective” Mrt• Moderate Hc• Thermal Stability

MR/am

Media Evolution(continued)

• Perpendicular - > 240 GB– Granular/Oxide doped - most likely first– Multilayer Superlattice to come next

• DTR/Self Ordered Arrays – Future Tech.

Design Point Limits for Each Media Type Still Not Set

MR/am

Acknowledgements

• The extensive contributions of Gerardo Bertero, David Wachenschwanz, Chris Bajorek and Tom Yamashita to this presentation are gratefully acknowledged

M Russak Presentation 3 03 rev A - THIC · BPI/TPI 9.4 8.2 7.4 6.3 5.3 4.4 ... January 2000) In...

Documents

Transcript of M Russak Presentation 3 03 rev A - THIC · BPI/TPI 9.4 8.2 7.4 6.3 5.3 4.4 ... January 2000) In...