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3. 1. 150 , 1970, 1982 (International Council forCorrespondence Education), (International Council for DistanceEducation) , , (International Council for Open andDistance Education) (, 2006). , , . , , , , (, 2006). , , , , 3

4. - . (, 1998, Holmperg, 1995). , Holmerg (1977) , , , , , , , . , . . , , (, 2006). 1998 : 4

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8. , : , , , , , , , .., , . , , , , , 1 (: , 2006) , , , . 8

9. 2. , . Alan Rogers (2002, . 112), , . , . (Lewin, Kolb, Freire, Mezirow,Jarvis, Boud ..) , ( ), , . Jarvis (2004): , ,, , . , , 9

10. .(, 2005) , , , , . . , , , , . , . Jarvis (1993 . . Holmberg, 1995) , , , , ., Holmberg (1995) , , . (2003) , , , 10

11. . , . . . , ,, , , , , , ,, , . Holmberg (1995) . , , (Loser and Terhartm 1977 Holmberg 1995). . . , , , , . (Moore, 1977 . . Keegan, 2001). 11

12. . , , . , , . , . (, 2001). Holmberg (1978, 1983 . . Keegan, 2001, . 122-123), . . , () , . , 12

13. , , , . , , Perraton (1988 , 2007- ). , (Rowntree,1998) , (Wedemeyer,1973, . . Keegan,2001). , , (, 2001). ( 2) (2001) , (, , ) 2 13

14. , . . , . (, 2007, - ) , , / . / , . Wedemeyer (1981, 1973 . . Keegan, 2000) , , . : . 14

15. . , , Moore (1977), . . : . . - . . . Moore(1977 2007) . 15

16. -- , -+ ++ +- : : : Moore, (1997 . . . Keegan, 2000) 16

17. : Moore, 2007 ore, (1977, 2007) . . , . : . . 17

18. . .. , ; . . , . . . Autonomy and transactional distance re the level of autonomy mo n l es s the level of autonomy tio required of the learner iz a required of the learner ual c turendiv id ist a nce increases as transactional increases as transactional truy f or i S it n al d distance increases. distance increases. s ac ct io les re Cap ns a Tr a mo Tra AUTONOMY ns a c mo t ion al d re D is t an ce ia l og l es s: Moore, 2007 18

19. 3. , , , , ( ) , (Dance, . . , 2001). (1990), , . , , .(, 2006) . Holmberg(1995) . . Holmberg (1995) . / . . , 19

20. / , , , , forum (Moore, 1975) : , , , .(, 2003). Sewart (1978, . . Keegan, 2001, . 125-127) , , . 20

21. (, 2003). (Keegan, 2001). . , . Race (2001) : . . .. . , . 21

22. . , , . , , (,2001). 22

23. 4. "" . , , (Liaw & Huang, 2000, Trentin, 2000,Yacci, 2000 . . , 2003). (Thurmond, Wambach, 2004) , , , , , (, 2001). , .. - (, 2001). , (Resta, 1998, Ryan &Woodward, 1998, Seffah & Bouchard, 1998, Carvin, 1997, Goetter &Kazamek, 1990 . . , 2001). 23

24. (Thurmond, Wambach, 2004). : . , , . . . . , . . . . . Moore & Kearsley (1996 . . Soo, & Bonk,1998).) , . . 24

25. 5. .. Abrahamson (1998), Ching, Murphy & Jekings(2002), Aune (2002) Tait (2004), - . Ching, Murphy & Jekings (2002) Aune (2002), . , Ching, Murphy& Jenkins (2002), - . , , .. , , . , , . . (, 2007). , , e-learning, 25

26. (Tait, 2003,Thatch &Murphy, 1995). . (tutor), o (mentor /counselor). , , :) .) ) (, 2001). , . . . 26

27. , , . , , . Holmberg(1995) . , (). , . . . , . , . ( 2007). , . , 27

28. (, 1998). . (, 1998): . . , . . 28

29. , , . Rogers (, 1998). . , , . , , . ) ) . , . . . , . , , . 29

30. , , , .. . . . , , . , , . ( - , 2001) . (,1998). ( ) . , 30

31. . . (, 1998). . , , , ,, , (chat), (forums). (d-learning) - ( ). (Keegan,2001). 1980 (e-learning), , (, , ). (m-learning). , . 31

32. ( , , , , , , , - Chat), , . . , ( 2001). , . Tait (1999), 32

33. , . . , . 33

34. 6. , (, 2001). , , , . , , (-2002, 2001). , , , . Rowntree (1994) , (Evans, 1994,Rowntree, 1994, , 1998). (Rowntree, 1992, Mena, 1993,Holmberg, 1995, Keegan, 1996, , 1999, 2001, Laurilland 2002) , 34

35. (, 2003). Holmberg (1995) / , , . :. , , , , . 35

36. , . . , . . , , (ena, 1993). , : ;(Rowntree 1994). , . (, 2004). .. -, , , , , , . 36

37. - (, 1999): o o (readers) o o o , (assignments) o - (, 2001): . - , . - , , , , , , , , (, 2003). , , 37

38. , , , ,(, 2001, Race, 1999). . . , , , (,1998). Race (1999) - - . / . , , , (Lionarakis, 2001): ( 3) (, 2004): 38

39. , . , , . 3 3 , . , / . 39

40. (, 2004): , , , ( 4). 4 40

41. Marc Prensky (2000, . . , 2004) . : , (feedback) , , , , (feedback) , , (feedback) , ( ) , , (feedback), 41

42. , , Prensky (2000 . . 2004) . , . : ) ) : , ; (, 2004) , , - . :(, 2005, , 2005) , , Holmberg, . 42

43. , - , . , . . , , , , . , , - , , , . . , , , . , ( , 43

44. -, - , Bandura, Piaget, Vygotsky, . ( ), . , , , , . . , . 44

45. 7. - - . (Keegan, 2000) . (2006) , Saba(2005) . 1991 Rowntree 1995 (Bates,1995). (Rowntree,1994, 1999) (Ally 2004, 2006). Clark (1983) Schramm (1977) (. , 2003) , (course delivery). Kozma (2001, . . , 2006) 45

46. , . (Race 1999). . (Ely, 2003, , 1998, Rowntree, 1994) - , : , , 46

47. - , , , - , project, , - ( , , CD - slides ( dvd) - / , .. , . , 47

48. . .1. . , 1930 ( BBC) 1939 ( , : CNED) . .. .. mini-disc, cd, .. (, 1998): . . , . . , . 48

49. , . . . , . , . . / . / . / . : (, , / ..,) ( ;) , . , . 49

50. . , . , .2. , . , (,1998). , , , , , . ,.. . , .. 50

51. , . :. / . / . . . / . / .. . . : (target group) H . , . 51

52. ( ), , , , . , , - , , , , . , .3. - . . - , , , , , , 52

53. (Latchem,Williamson & Henderson-Lacett, 1993) (, 1999). - , , , , , . (, 2000). , . . .. (Powerpoint slides)- . (, , , 2003) : . 53

54. , . . / . . ( ) , , , . , , . , (, , ,2003) (, , , , , ..) , , , , , , (, 1999) . , . : 54

55. . . () . . - . : - (drill and practice) (tutorial) (problem solving) (simulations) (educational computer games instructional games) (modeling)O . : 55

56. - . , , , ..4. : , , -, ) ( ), ) ( ) ) , .. (.. Topclass, WebCT, Learningspace, Centra-symposium, Exodus e-learn Platform, SCORM), . : 56

57. 1. : , , (forum), (virtual classrooms) .2. : . , . . : ( ), ( : forum, chat, ), ( , , ) , , . , ., . Rowntree (1994:67) Ely (2003) . : 57

58. , ..; ; .. , ; / / ; ; ; .. , . : (e-learning), (online learning), (Internet learning), (distributedlearning), (network learning), - (tele-learning), / (virtual learning), (computer assisted learning), (web-basedlearning), . 58

59. . . , , , , . : . : , , . 59

60. 8. . . . , , . , Rhine Westphalia 1974. , . . , Bachelor Master. , (Bachelor Master) . . 60

61. . , , . , 15 14.000 (Cerveira, 2003). . , . , (U.N.E.D.) 1972 . 1.200 ( ) 4.000 . . 61

62. . , Open Courses . , F. Rubio (2003) 21 , , , . , . . , . , , . Keegan (2000) , 62

63. . 1971 Peters, . . 1990. Bushra (1973), Neil (1981) Zelaya Keegan Rumble (1982). . . , . . (O.U.N.L.), . e-Learning, . 63

64. , W. Jochems (2003), O.U.N.L., , . 64

65. 9. , .. , , , (, 1998). . , . . : .. 65

66. . . , . . 66

67. 10. . , , (, 2005). 21 . . , , . (UNESCO,1976). - , , , , , . . , , , , , ... , , 67

68. , . . , . , , , (, 2005). , , (Sutton, 1994, . 3.416, Kogan, 2000, . 5). : , , , / (European Commission, Com(2001) 678). 68

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70. , , (, 2000). ,, . . , , . , , . , , , ( 1987). , , ( & 1999). 70

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72. . . () 3 , , , : ., ., ., (2001), / , 2 , . 620-628, , , 27-30 , ., (2003) . (.). - 1 . . ,. : , ., (2005) / . . () 3 , , , : ., ., ., ., (2005), . , . ., , ., ., (2001) , 1 , http://www.eap.gr/news/EXAGGELIA_SYNEDRIOU/synedrio/html /1-page.htm, ., (2005), , . () 3 , , , : , .,, ., (2005) . () 3 , , , : 72

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74. , . (2005). . . , 5, ., , , , . . .,(2001) Java Java Applets 1 , http://www.eap.gr/news/EXAGGELIA_SYNEDRIOU/synedrio/html /sect5/144.htm-, ., (1999) , , ., . (2001). . . : . (.), (. 53-77). : ., . (2001) ? , , ., .. (1990) . , , , 4, 2025. 74