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Establishment of an Impact Assessment Procedure as a tool for sustainability of agro-ecosystem:THE CASE OF MEDITERRANEAN OLIVES
SAGE10
Duration:
October 2010- June 2014
Budget:
2 .139. 970 €
EC Contribution:
1. 067. 485 €
Athens 5/12/2012
E. Markellou & Ε. Mantzouni
„DEMETER‟ Directorate of Research
Land Reclamation Institute
Benaki PhytopathologicalInstitute
The Goulandris Natural History Museum
Greek Biotope-Wetland Centre
Rodax LtdQuality Systems
CoordinatorCrop Protection & Safety
Soil and Water Management, Fertilisation
Biodiversity
NEW BENEFICIARY Athens 5/12/2012
Crop Management Consultancy
TARGET
Improvement of cultural practices applied in
olive groves taking into account environmental
impacts and parcel production capacity
STRATEGY
• Development of an “Impact AssessmentProcedure” (IAP) for justified and objectiveevaluation of potential impacts of agriculturalpractices on environment, as a tool for ISO 14001/EMAS planning in primary agriculture
• Incorporation of IAP as the core process of anadvisory system aiming to propose to farmers‟ themost efficient use of their resources, with theobjective to achieve long term sustainability of theagro-ecosystem, including a systematic upgradeto organic agriculture
600 INDIVIDUAL OLIVE GROVES
SAGE10
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Athens 5/12/2012
Environmental
Impact
Production Capacity
Target:
Olive products with minimum
environmental impacts &
at low cost‟, attractive to the
consumer
PARCEL‟S ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE –ΙΑΡ
the specific characteristics of the
different regions/areas
Considering
ΙΑΡ- “Impact Assessment Procedure” for assessing environmental impacts ofall agricultural practices, and prioritizing them at field, site, location, arealevel. The method is to be available as a software, as well as in paper, withfull instructions of use
Specifications of ΙΑΡ:
1. Scientifically sound
2. Extrapolatable and applicable to other crops
3. Upgradable
4. Simple to use, starting from maximum complexity
5. Objective without any interference of personal opinion
6. Cost-efficient in order to be applied in agricultural practice
Reference: every individual parcel and grower
The method “ΙΑΡ” ...
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ΙΑΡ
DEVELOPMENT STEPS
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Agricultural activities (e.g. crop protection, pruning, fertilization, irrigation, soil management, harvesting, establishment of a new grove, storing of ppp’s) which have an environmental or humaneffect
Impacts of aspects on different environmental compartments:e.g. surface water pollution, changes in biodiversity, soil acidity, health risks for workers in groves κ.α
Biotic and abiotic environment (water bodies, soil, birds…), Humans (operator, worker, by stander )
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ASPECT
IMPACT
COMPARTMENT
ΙΑΡ: TRIPLETS
The parameters are divided into:
1. Simple or Complex2. Parameters of the Environment or Producer
WEIGHTING AND VALUE CLASSES OF PARAMETERS
The severity of an Impact (High/ Moderate/ Low)
depends on the value/class of different
Parameters that define it
The Parameters of a Triplet are different in terms of
significance or weight in relation to the Impact
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Producers Parameters (Ρ): define the possibility and severity of an Impact
based on grower’s decisions
Environmental Paramenters (Ε): define the vulnerability of a compartment
to an impact, based on its characteristics
(soil type, area climatic conditions,
inclination of the soil, proximity to surface
water etc)
ASPECT
IMPACT
COMPARTMENT
ΙΑΡ: TRIPLETS & PARAMETERS
The severity of an impact is estimated by the Score of the relevant
Triplet and is calculated using the values of the different parameters’
classes and the weight of each parameter
IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROCEDUREWeight and value classes of parameters
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In the frame of SAGE10 the
following have been defined
1. Simple and complex parameters,
2. Uncertainty related to their
measurement/monitoring,
3. Weighting of different parameters based on expert
judgment and on a DELPHI
procedure
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IAP Software
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (EMS)
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ΙΑΡ-Software DELEP-99 indicators of Environmental Performance
SAGE10Prioritizing of suggested improvements
Environmental Product Declaration (LCI, LCA)
Database Environmental Management System (EMS)
RANKING
INDICATORS OF IMPACTS
The environmental profile of each olivegrove is described with a set ofEnvironmental Indicators
The same indicators can be used toassess “Environmental Performance” as aresult of change agricultural activities
INDICATORS FACILITATE MONITORING of
“Environmental Performance”
e.g. - content of organic matter in soil
- nitrogen inputs per area unit
Biodiversity Indicators: 1) Shannon-Wiener 2) evenness and 3) Simpson
0,000,100,200,300,400,500,600,70
CO01CO02
CO03
CO04
CO05
CO06
CO07
CO08
CO09CO10
CO11
CO12
CO13
CO14
CO15
CO17
CO18
CO19
0,00
0,20
0,40
0,60
0,80
1,00AS02
AS03
AS04
AS06
AS07
AS08
AS09
AS10AS11
AS12
AS13
AS15
AS02_Z
AS07_Z
AS12_Z
Which aspects of the producer‟s cultural
activities have the major impacts on the
compartments (environment and human
health)?
Which compartments (environment and human
health) are more susceptible to the producer‟s
cultural activities?
The environmental perspective
The cultural perspective
The ΙΑΡ results:
Average triplets score by
Aspect
Average triplets score by
Compartment
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0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1
CO01 CO02 CO03 CO04 CO05 CO06 CO07 CO08 CO09 CO10 CO11 CO12 CO13 CO14 CO15 CO17 CO18 CO19
Trip
let
Sc
ore
Compartments
PARCEL‟S ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE – The ΙΑΡ results:
The whole picture:
Which Compartments (environment and human health) are more susceptible and which of the producer’s cultural activities (Aspects) are driving the pattern ?
Plot of the average triplet score by compartment, where the points are transformed to pies, representing the relative contribution of each aspect to the impact on each compartment
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Crop protection (BPI, AUA)
1. Management of insect pests
2. Pruning – organic management systems
3. Weed Management
4. Diseases of olives
5. Spatial dispersal of insects– mass trapping
6. Beneficial arthropods
7. Spray drift management parameters
8. Protection of aquatic organisms
9. Sprays – spraying equipments and nozzles
10. Pesticide storage, transport and handling parameters
solid waste , spraying remnants and empty containers
TRAINING ON PARAMETERS MEASUREMENTS/ ASSESSMENTS: ΙΑΡ
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Soil and water (LRI)
1. Sampling Manual & SOPs
2. Training on sampling procedures
3. Training on important parameters of fertilization, irrigation and soil management
TRAINING ON PARAMETERS MEASUREMENTS/ ASSESSMENTS: ΙΑΡ
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ΔΡΑΣΗ 3: Design of IAP
Biodiversity (EKBY-Greek Biotope-Wetland Centre)
TRAINING ON PARAMETERS MEASUREMENTS/ ASSESSMENTS: ΙΑΡ
1. Training on :
• Monitoring the abundance and diversity of fauna and flora,
• Identification of important species (bio -indicators),
• Monitoring of parameters/indicators,
• Use of equipment
2. Assessment in situ and quality control of parameter collection
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BPI: Guidelines are issued related to:
Methods of pest management,
Protection of beneficial arthropods,
Storage conditions and principles,
Spray Remnant Management,
Rational use of pesticides (operator/worker),
Visual inspections of spraying equipment/check points
PARCEL ASSESSMENT-GUIDELINES
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PARCEL ASSESSMENT-GUIDELINES
LRI:Guidelines for fertilisation (each
individual parcel)
Publication of General Principles related to fertilization
and water use (for the growers
and the agronomists)
Identification of site specific
problems-proposal for
improvements
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EKBY: Identification of activities which
have a negative impact on biodiversity following impact assessment of the common Greek cultural activities .
Guidelines have been issued for:
1. Cultural activities that do not affect wild fauna and flora
2. Compliance of growers with good agricultural practices related to biodiversity preservation/ protection
PARCEL ASSESSMENT-GUIDELINES
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SOIL-WATER
1. WaterpH, EC, NO3, NH4, CO3, HCO3, Cl, SO4, P, Ca, Mg, Na, K, B, Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn, Ni, Cd, Pb)Per sample: 21TOTAL: 924 analyses
2. SoilSoil texture, pH, EC, organic matter, CaCO3, CEC, SAR, ESP, Nkjeldahl, …..
TOTAL: 14.164 analyses -706 Samples
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ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE OF THE AREA
1. Herbicide glyphosate and its metabolite AMPA (soil and water)
2. 210 active substances of pesticides-correlation with inputs (water)
3. 20 active substances of pesticides–assessment of their e-fate in
relation to the time of application
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SOIL-WATER (pesticides and relevant metabolites)
ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE OF THE AREA
Establishment of an Impact Assessment Procedure as a tool for sustainability of agro-ecosystem:
THE CASE OF MEDITERRANEAN OLIVES
Main Deliverables
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1. ΙΑΡ Method for impact assessment
2. Training Material (in situ parameter
assessment/measurement,
environmental friendly cultural
practices and the IAP Method)
3. Guidelines (site and parcel specific)
4. Environmental Performance Indicators aimed at supporting Greek oil
marketing