LIBRARIES IN THE AGE OF DIGITAL INFRASTRUCTURES (AND OTHER CATASTROPHES) · 2017-08-17 ·...
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@ttasovac LIBRARIES IN THE AGE OF DIGITAL INFRASTRUCTURES (AND OTHER CATASTROPHES) Toma Tasovac IFLA Satellite Meeting 2017: Digital Humanities (15.08.2017)
Transcript of LIBRARIES IN THE AGE OF DIGITAL INFRASTRUCTURES (AND OTHER CATASTROPHES) · 2017-08-17 ·...
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LIBRARIESINTHEAGEOFDIGITALINFRASTRUCTURES(ANDOTHER
CATASTROPHES)
TomaTasovac
IFLASatelliteMeeting2017:DigitalHumanities(15.08.2017)
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καταστροφή=reversal,overturning,suddendisaster,death
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MORBIDFASCINATION
deathoftheauthor
deathofthebook
deathofthehumanities
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Butthecatastrophewasalwaysalreadythere...
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Thisiswhattheprintingpressesdo:theycorrupt
susceptiblehearts.Yetthe[...]sillyassesdonotsee
this,andbrutesrejoiceinthefraudulenttitleof
teachers,exaltingthemselveswithasonglikethis
[...]:"Ogoodcitizen,rejoice:yourcityiswellstuffed
withbooks.Forasmallsummenturnthemselves
intodoctorsinthreeyears.Letthanksberendered
totheprinters!"Anyunculturedpersonwithout
Latinbawlsthesethings.
—FilippodeStrata,PolemicAgainstPrinting(c.1473)
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Technologyisnotandhasneverbeentheother
ofthehumanities
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DIGITALHUMANITIESTheultimaterevengeofglobalcapitalismon
traditionalhumanities?
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TEXTASDATA?thereisnothingoutsideoftext(Derrida,1997:
158)
textvs.context
paratext:“afringeoftheprintedtextwhichin
realitycontrolsone’swholereadingofthe
text.”(Genette,1997:2)
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DIGITALHUMANITIESAcomputationalframeworkfor
decontextualizingthehumanities?
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MATERIALARTIFACTVS.DIGITALSURROGATE
Whatcanyoudowithit?
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DH:RECONTEXTUALIZINGTHEHUMANITIES
provideaccess(texts,tools,methods)
discoverpatterns&generatenewknowledge
supplementclosewithdistantreading
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RobertoBusa
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DHwasn'tbornyesterday:institutionalizinga
communityofpractice
ComputersandtheHumanities(1966)
TheAssociationforLiteraryandLinguisticComputing
(London-based,1973)
AssociationforComputersandtheHumanities(US-based,
1987)
LiteraryandLinguisticComputing(1986)
AllianceofDigitalHumanitiesOrganizations(ADHO,2005)
Master’sandPhDprograms
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TEI:defactostandardfortextualencoding
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WHATDOPEOPLEDOWHENTHEYDODH?
textualediting(digitaleditions,digitalcollections)
datamodelingandcreationofstructureddata(XML)
distantreading(asopposedtoclosereading)
statisticalmethodsandprocessing
datamining
stylometry
visualization
networkanalysis
geospatialmethods
toolsandservices,incl.researchinfrastructures(CLARIN,
DARIAH)
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thetraditionalhumanitiesfocusesona"minimalfraction
oftheliteraryfield...[a]canonoftwohundrednovels,for
instance,soundsverylargefornineteenth-centuryBritain
(andismuchlargerthanthecurrentone),butisstillless
thanonepercentofthenovelsthatwereactually
published:twentythousand,thirty,more,noonereally
knows—andclosereadingwon’thelphere,anoveladay
everydayoftheyearwouldtakeacenturyorso...Andit's
notevenamatteroftime,butofmethod:afieldthis
largecannotbeunderstoodbystitchingtogether
separatebitsofknowledgeaboutindividualcases,
becauseitisn'tasumofindividualcases:it'sacollective
system,thatshouldbegraspedassuch,asawhole"
(Moretti2007:3-4).
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DHCHALLENGES
interoperability
communication
integration
aggregation
federation
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DH/LIBRARYCHALLENGES
interoperability
communication
integration
aggregation
federation
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DH/LIBRARY/INFRASTRURALCHALLENGES
interoperability
communication
integration
aggregation
federation
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Unsworth(2000)
SCHOLARLYPRIMITIVES
discovering
annotating
comparing
referring
sampling
illustrating
representing
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TEXTSINDIGITALLIBRARIES?
formatsanddeliverymethods
text/paratextboundaries
computability,metricsandtracesofuse
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TEXTSINDIGITALLIBRARIES
mustbemachine-computable,notonly
machine-deliverable
shouldbeakindofserviceasopposedtofixed
object
aninteractivemethodasopposedtoastatic
element
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TEXTASSERVICE
metadata
fulltextsearch
retrievingidentifiablefragmentsoftexts
persistentidentifiers
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TEXTS:OBJECTS→MODELS→SERVICES
researchinfrastructures(cf.DARIAH/CLARIN)
OpenAnnotationCollaboration(OAC)andthe
WebAnnotationWorkingGroup
CanonicalTextServices(CTS)
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DHAPILANDSCAPE
HathiTrust
DPLA
Europeana
IIIF
OpenSiddurAPI
FolgerDigitalTextsAPI
correspSearchAPI
OldBaileyAPI
EuropeanHolocaustResearchInfrastructureAPI
ManuscriptsOnlineAPI
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ATBCDH:
Raskovnik:DictionaryPlatform
( )
Izdanak:DigitalEditions(indevelopment)
http://raskovnik.org
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TEXT→MODEL→API→SERVICE→INFRASTRUCTURE
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ANCHORINGDIGITALSCHOLARLYMETHODSINDIGITALLIBRARYWORKFLOWS
Developingtoolsandservicesfordifferenttypes
ofscholarlyprimitivesinmodular,dynamic,
research-drivendigitalcollections
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INANIDEALWORLD,DH-FRIENDLYLIBRARIESWOULD
provideaccesstomachine-readableandmachine
computabletexts
developwell-documentedAPIsforbothmetadataandfull-
textaccess
offerlayersofautomaticandsemi-automaticstructural,
linguisticandsemanticannotationswithsupportfor
crowdsourcedcorrections
integratedictionaryandothertypeofreferenceservices
tobequerieddirectlyfromthetext
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DATAENRICHMENTWORKFLOWS
Digitallibrary→Scholars→Digitallibrary
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DATAENRICHMENTWORKFLOWS
Digitallibrary→Scholars→Digitallibrary
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καταστροφή=reversal,overturning,suddendisaster,death
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καταστροφή=1.reversal,overturning,suddendisaster,death.2.turningpoint(intragedy),unravelling,denouement.
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DIGITALLIBRARYASINFRASTRUCTURE
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LIBRARIESANDDHrecontextualizingthehumanities
providingsmallandbigdata(+toolsand
methods)
enablingcloseanddistantreading
developingdataenrichmentworkflows
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Thankyouforbearingwithme!
