1940-1950:

, ,

,

: 26 & 27 2006,

&

:

..

,

2012

ISBN : 978-960-85638-4-1

2012:

: , , 731 32 : www.ilaek.org, : 28210-97930, : info@ilaek.org

(20112013):

-

:

-

:

/.

: .. (2006). : , . : , ,

......................... 9

....................................... 11

, ................. 13

, ...................... 43

, 1940 .......... 69

. , : ..................... 83

, ................................. 111

, (1940-1950) . 125

, ............. 153

, ............ 183

, : ............................ 211

(), ......... 233

, : ......................... 239

, (1947) .. 255

-, 1944-48 ................................... 273

, : ............................................ 305

, ................... 315

( )1 - , .

, - . - - : ( ), - -, (

1. 1 1940 (MacDonald 1993: 96). - , 13 1940 (Bitzes 1991: 251).

( 13 )

); - ( ) ( -). Gring ( - Luftwaffe ) .2 . 28 (25/4) , .

( Merkur) . -, - , - , - , , - . - , .3

, , . Wilhelm Canaris, - (Abwehr), , , ,

2. - . Kiriakopoylos 1985: 26-39.

3. Bitzes 1991: 252.

====================================================================

( 14 )

-, - . Abwehr , - . , , , . .4 Bock - . - , - , - 20.000 .5

4. - , . -, . , - 5 ( ), ( , , ), . , .

5. MacDonald 1993: 77-78, Bitzes 1991: 256 Spencer 1962: 97.

===================================

( 15 )

. , Abwehr 40.000, 60.000, 100.000 , .6

. Wehrmacht (12 ) . Luftwaffe , - . , - ( ), , , - .7 .8

6. Student Gtzel 1980: 204-05. , , - . Ringel (1979: 56) - .

7. - , - , - . , ( ) . , -, () . Burdick Jacobsen 1988: 394-95.

8. Student 1980: 105-06.

====================================================================

( 16 )

. , - , - , , -.9

( - Alexander Lhr, 4 ), - , -, ( ). . . . Kurt Student ( - ) (- -

9. ( 1940) 5.000 . , . - 30 15.000 - . AIR 40/1402.

===================================

( 17 )

). . Gring . ( , , -, ) . , Luftwaffe ( VIII ) Wehrmacht ( 5 6 -), .10

7 -

. (6 ) , -. , - ( ).

- , . .11

10. Student 1980: 225-31. Schreiber Stegemann Vogel 1995: 534-40.

11. , . , 2/5 (WO 190/893,

====================================================================

( 18 )

.12 - - 1940.13

- .14 - : - , ULTRA. Luftwaffe, - .15

), 7/5 (ADM 223/345, ).12.

(2/11/40) -- (AIR 20/3961). Weston ( - Freyberg), -, (WO 190/892 CAB 69/2).

13. ( -) - . , . 676/, - 1967: 170-71.

14. .. 674/ 674/, - - .

15. Enigma,

===================================

( 19 )

Freyberg ( ) - ULTRA.16

ULTRA , . - 9 17 , .17 Student Merkur, .

- (2427 ) - .18

. , - . , - Wehrmacht Kriegsmarine ( 41 ), (Bennett 1994: 73-74).

16. - Orange Leonard (OL), (Hinsley 1979: 417).

17. OL 11/354 (Bennett 1989: 52-53). (16/5) (ADM 223/345).

18. - (Joint Intelligence Sub-Committee)

====================================================================

( 20 )

- .19 (6/5) (17 , 19 20/5).20

Freyberg . 27.500 , - , 14.000 ( ) - . , , - . , , ( , - ) , -

(CAB 79/11). (28/4) - (AIR 40/4185).

19. ( 29/4) - , (WO 106/3243). ULTRA , , (OL 2154).

20. OL 1/302, HW 1/3, CAB 44/381, OL 9/339, OL 10/341. , 16/5 Freyberg - ( ) (Sinclair 1954: 126).

===================================

( 21 )

- . , , .21 , Panzer . - , , Luftwaffe, . , , - . , - - . , - .22

21. CAB 106/701. , Luftwaffe, - (DEFE 2/711 A).

22. ( ) - 1941 ( 735 ). , Luftwaffe . - -

====================================================================

( 22 )

Wehrmacht, , . , - , ( ).

-

. (.. 7 ) . , .23 - - .24

, (10/6) (CAB 21/1495).

23. Halder ( 1938) , . , -. Burdick Jacobsen 1988: 389-90.

24. , . , (Student 1980: 260).

===================================

( 23 )

, - -.25 , , . - . - . - . , , . , - .26

, -. , , Student , - -. , -

25. Freyberg - . Woodhouse () Hadjipateras Fafalios 1989: 12.

26. . (- 1945: 64-65).

====================================================================

( 24 )

. .

. -, ( -) ( -) ( ) . , , - - , . , , .27

- . - - -.28 ULTRA

27. Halder 21 , . , ( -, , ). , , - ( ) (Burdick Jacobsen 1988: 391-92).

28. 20/5 .. (Davin 1953: 167-69).

===================================

( 25 )

, - RAF . ( 107, - , - ).

, - Freyberg . , - , , . , - .29

- ( -

29. , . , .

====================================================================

( 26 )

, Meindl ) .30 , , , - . , - - 5 .31

- , 21-22 - -.32 Freyberg, . - ,

30. Student ( - ) 20-21/5 , - - ( 1967: 69).

31. Hargest, (Davin 1953: 229).

32. - . , 21/5, 22:00, 8 (Davin 1953: 183). , .

===================================

( 27 )

. , (20-21/5) -.33 Freyberg - (OL 15/389).34

, .35 , . ( - ), .36 Wehrmacht, (25-26/5) .

33. , , (ADM 223/345).

34. , 21/5 (Beevor 1991: 157-58)!

35. . Ringel ( , - 22/5) , - (Ringel 1979).

36. AIR 40/1402 DEFE 2/711 A.

====================================================================

( 28 )

. (28/5) .

, , - - . , - ,37 - , . 1 .

- .38 , . . , - - :

) -

37. (Schreiber Stegemann Vogel 1995: 550-51).

38. Churchill 1950: 215.

===================================

( 29 )

: - . , , - (.. ) .

) : , - , - ( ).

) - - : - . - - . ( ) ( ) . Freyberg, , ( ) . - ( , - ) . , -

====================================================================

( 30 )

- Freyberg. .39

) : Freyberg - ULTRA, - . .

) -: . , , , - . .

) , -

39. - . Von Hanstein ( 12 ), Roth 1991: 193.

===================================

( 31 )

: , - - ( , RAF).

, . ( ) . , , - . , - . - - , . -, Luftwaffe , - , - ( )

====================================================================

( 32 )

(, - 28/5 -).40

, -. .41 , - - .

40. Luftwaffe (CAB 106/701).

41. , , -. 185 , (Schreiber Stegemann Vogel 1995: 552-53). . .

===================================

( 33 )

1. :

Ansel, Walter 1972 Hitler and the Middle Sea. Durham, N.C: Duke University Press.

Beevor, Antony 1991 Crete: he Battle and the Resistance. London: John Murray.

Bennett, Ralph 1989 ULTRA and Mediterranean Stra-tegy, 1941-1945. London: Hanish Hamilton Ltd.

__________. 1990 Intelligence and Strategy: Some Observations on the War in the Mediterranean, 1941-45, Intell-igence and National Security, . 5, . 2, . 44464.

__________. 1994 Behind the Battle: Intelligence in the War with Germany, 1939-45. London: Sinclair-Stevenson.

Bitzes, John G. 1991 The Battle of Crete Revisited, 1941, : International Commis-sion of Military History / - -: Acta. International Congress

====================================================================

( 34 )

for the 50 Years From the 1940-41 Epopee of the Battle of Crete. Athens. : , . 251-68.

Bond, Brian 1991 The Loss of Crete Fifty Years On, : International Commission of Military History / - -: Acta. International Congress for the 50 Years From the 1940-41 Epopee of the Battle of Crete. Athens. : , . 198-205.

Burdick, Charles Jacobsen Hans-Adolf (.) 1988 The Halder War Diary, 1939-1942.

London: Greenhill Books.

Churchill, Winston S. 1950 The Second World War / Winston S. Churchill. Vol. 3, The Grand Alliance. London: Cassell.

Clark, Allan 1962 The Fall of Crete. London: Chassell.

Cruickshank, Charles 1976 Greece, 1940-1941. London: Davis-Poynter.

[DA Pamphlet, (1953) . 20-260] The German Campaigns in the

Balkans (Spring 1941), : Detwiler, Donald S. (.) (1979),

===================================

( 35 )

World War II German Military Studies: Collection of 213 Special Reports on the Second World War Prepared by Former Officers of the Wehrmacht for the United States Army, vol. 13, Part VI. The Mediterranean Theater. New York: Garland Publishing.

Daniel, Donald C. Herlig, Katherine L. 1981 Strategic Military Deception. New

York: Pergamon Press.

Davin, D.M. 1953 Official History of New Zealand in the Second World War, 1939-1945: Crete. London: Oxford University Press.

Gbels, Joseph 2001 : - , -: , : , 21 , . 116, , . 20-21.

Hadjipateras, Costas N. Fafalios, Maria S. 1989 Crete 1941 Eyewitnessed. Athens:

Efstathiadis Group.

Handel, M.I. 1987 Strategic and Operational Deception in the Second World War. London: Frank Cass.

_________. 1989 War, Strategic and Intelligence. London: Frank Cass.

====================================================================

( 36 )

Herman, Michael 1996 Intelligence Power in Peace and War. Cambridge: Royal Institute of International Affairs / Cambridge University Press.

Hinsley, F.H. 1979 British Intelligence in the Second World War: Its Influence on Strategy and Operations, vol. 1. London: Her Majestys Stationary Office.

Howard, Michael 1968 The Mediterranean Strategy in the Second World War. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.

Kahn, David 1978 Hitlers Spies: German Military Intelligence in World War II. London: Hodder & Stughton.

Kiriakopoylos G.C. 1985 Ten Days to Destiny: he Battle for Crete, 1941. New York: Franklin Watts.

Kurowski, Franz 1965 Der Kampf um Kreta. Herford: Maximilian-Verlag.

Lewin, Ronald 1978 ULTRA Goes to War: The Secret Story. London: Hutchinson.

Long, Gavin 1953 Greece, Crete and Syria. Canberra: Australian War Memorial.

MacDonald, Callum 1993 The Lost Battle: Crete 1941. Lon- don: Macmillan.

===================================

( 37 )

Military Intelligence Division, U.S. War Department 1984 German Military Intelligence, 1939-

1945. Maryland: University Publi-cations of America.

Paine, Lauran 1984 German Military Intelligence in World War II. The Abwehr. New York: Stein and Day.

Playfair, I.S.O. 1956 The Mediterranean and the Middle East, vol. II: The Germans Come to the Help of Their Ally (1941). London: Her Majestys Stationary Office.

Ringel, Julius 1979 The Conquest of Crete, [B-646], : Detwiler, Donald S. (.), World War II German Military Studies. Collection of 213 Special Reports on the Second World War Prepared by Former Officers of the Wehrmacht for the United States Army, vol. 13, Part VI. The Mediterranean Theater. New York: Garland Publishing.

Roth, Gunther 1991 Operation Mercury: The Role of Crete in the Strategic Calculations of German Military Leaders in 1940/41, : International Com- mission of Military History / - -

====================================================================

( 38 )

: Acta, International Congress for the 50 Years From the 1940-41 Epopee of the Battle of Crete. Athens. : , . 187-97.

Schreiber, Gerhard Stegemann, Bernd Vogel, Detlef 1995 Germany and the Second World

War, vol. III, The Mediterranean, South-ast Europe, and North Africa, 1939-1941, from Italys Declaration of non-Belligerence to the Entry of the United States into the War, . Dean S. McMurry, Ewald Osers Louise Willmot. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Seibt, Conrad 1979 The Crete Operation, [B-641], : Detwiler, Donald S. (.), World War II German Military Studies. A Collection of 213 Special Reports on the Second World War Prepared by Former Officers of the Wehrmacht for the United States Army, vol. 13, Part VI. The Mediterranean Theater. New York: Garland Publishing.

Sinclair, W.D. 1954 19 Battalion and Armoured Regi-ment. Wellington, New Zealand: War History Branch, Department of Internal Affairs.

===================================

( 39 )

Spencer, John Hall 1962 Battle for Crete. London: Heine-mann.

Stewart, I. McD. G. 1966 The Struggle for Crete, 20 May 1 June 1941. London: Oxford University Press.

Student, Kurt Herman Gtzel 1980 Generaloberst Kurt Student

und seine Fallschirmjger: Die Erinnerungen des Generaloberst Kurt Student. Friedberg: Podzun-Pallas-Verlag.

Thomas, David 1972 Crete 1941. Athens: Flipper Books.

Van Creveld, M. 1973 Hitlers Strategy, 1940-1941. The Balkan Clue. Cambridge: Cam- bridge University Press.

, 2002 . , : , - , 2002, . 4-37.

1967 .

. : - .

, 1957 , ( 1941). .

====================================================================

( 40 )

, .. 1946 . : M.

, 1945 1941, : -

. .

, . 1990 1941-1944, - , . : .

2. , :

A) National Archives ( Publ ic Record Off ice) (Kew, London, ..)

1) ADM 223/345 2) AIR 20/3961 3) AIR 40/14024) AIR 40/4185 5) CAB 21/1495 6) CAB 44/3817) CAB 69/2 8) CAB79/11 9) CAB 106/70110) CAB 106/731 11) DEFE 2/711A 12) DEFE 3/89413) HW 1/3 14) PREM 3/109 15) WO 106/324316) WO 190/892 17) WO 190/893

) ()1) 674/A 2) 674/I 3) 676/4) 735/ ( -

10-14 1940.)

===================================

( 41 )