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JEE 11th

CHEMISTRY

(Batch-1)

Organic Chemistry-

Some Basic Principles

and Techniques

Today’s TopicNomenclature of Organic

compounds

Introduction to Organic Compounds

Classification of Organic Compounds

The Shapes of Carbon Compounds

Some Characteristic Features of π Bonds

Complete, Condensed and Bond-line Structural Formulas

Functional Group

Nomenclature of Organic compounds

IUPAC system of nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature of Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

Last Class

08

09

Nomenclature of Organic compounds having functional groups

Nomenclature of Organic compounds having alicyclic rings

Nomenclature of substituted benzene ring

Nomenclature of bicyclo and spiro compounds

01

Today

02

03

04

RECALL

The state of hybridisation of 𝑪𝟐, 𝑪𝟑, 𝑪𝟓 and 𝑪𝟔 of the hydrocarbon,

is in the following sequence

A. 𝑠𝑝3, 𝑠𝑝2, 𝑠𝑝2 and 𝑠𝑝 B. 𝑠𝑝, 𝑠𝑝2, 𝑠𝑝2 and 𝑠𝑝3

C. 𝑠𝑝, 𝑠𝑝2, 𝑠𝑝3 and 𝑠𝑝2 D. 𝑠𝑝, 𝑠𝑝3, 𝑠𝑝2 and 𝑠𝑝3

CTQ- Concept tester question

How many atoms are present in the same plane in 𝑪𝑯𝟑 − 𝑪𝑯 = 𝑪𝑯𝟐

C. 8

A. 6 B. 7

D. 5


How many primary carbon will be present in a simplest hydrocarbon having

two tertiary and one secondary carbon atom?

C. 5


A. 3 B. 4

D. 6

ASSIGNMENT LEADERBOARD

CourseJEE Advanced 2 yr Full Course Batch 1 -

Chemistry (1st Year)Date 8-Oct-2021

Lecture

# Student name Total QuestionsCorrect Question

Attempts

Time Taken

(secs)

Time Taken

(min:sec)

1 Yash Nandurkar 10 10 88 01:28

2 Tanisha Sinha 10 10 1062 17:42

3 krishna 10 9 146 02:26

4 kunush bhure 10 9 194 03:14

5 VAISHNAVI BHOSALE 10 9 230 03:50

6 L. Layashree 10 8 171 02:51

7 Aditi Avhad 10 7 20 00:20

8 Suyash 10 7 64 01:04

9 Nandini 10 7 429 07:09

10 sanmith 10 6 172 02:52

11 Sousthab Haldar 10 5 150 02:30

12 Pratik Pawaskar 10 5 170 02:50

13 Mehak Barapatre 10 4 259 04:19

Types of Carbon and Hydrogen atoms

• Hydrogen atoms attached to 1° carbon

atom is a 1° hydrogen.

• Hydrogen atoms attached to 2° carbon

atom is a 2° hydrogen and so on.

• Benzylic carbon is the carbon atom which

is directly attached to benzene ring

• Benzylic hydrogen is the hydrogen

attached to benzylic carbon.

Types of Carbon and Hydrogen atoms

• Allylic carbon is the carbon attached

to a double bond

• Vinylic carbon is the sp2 hybridized

carbon.

Functional Group

• A functional group is an atom or group of atoms present in a molecule that gives the

molecule its characteristic chemical properties.

• Some examples are hydroxyl group (–OH), aldehyde group (–CHO) and carboxylic

acid group (–COOH) etc.

Functional Group

Homologous Series

o Group of compounds having similar structures, chemical properties and successive

members differ in their molecular formula by –CH2 unit.

Homologous series of Alcohol

Nomenclature of

Organic Compounds

Common (Trivial system)

• Trivial system is useful for

common molecules or for those

molecules which has lengthy

name according to rules.

• There are two main systems of nomenclature of organic compounds :

a) Trivial system,

b) IUPAC system.

1. Longest chain rule :

The first step is to select the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms which may or

may not be horizontal (straight).


(A) Rules for Naming Complex Aliphatic Compounds when no Functional

Group is Present (Saturated Hydrocarbons or Paraffins or Alkanes)

(b) The horizontal straight chain consists six carbon atoms while the longest zig-zag

chain consists eight carbon atoms.


(c) If the compound contains two possible longest chain, then select the chain which

has highest number of branching.


How many carbon atoms are present in the longest chain in the following

compound?

C. 8


A. 7 B. 6

D. 9

2. Numbering of the carbon atoms of the longest chain :


(a) The carbon atoms carrying the first substituent get the lowest possible number

(Lowest individual number rule or lowest locant rule).


(b) In case, there are two or more similar substituents attached to the parent chain,

their positions are indicated separately by the prefixes such as di, tri, tetra, etc.

And numbering will be done in such a way that the sum of locants should be lowest

(Lowest set of locants rule).

(c) In case, there are different alkyl substituents at equivalent positions, then

numbering of the parent chain is done in such a way that the alkyl group which comes

first in the alphabetical order gets the lower number.


(d) Naming of complex alkyl substituents

The name of the complex substituents named in the brackets.


4-(1’-Methyl ethyl) heptane

Or

4-isopropyl heptane

Write the names of the following compounds.


B. Rules for Naming Complex Unsaturated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons


1. Longest chain : The longest chain of carbon atoms is selected so as to include

the double or triple bond even if it is not the actual longest chain of carbon atoms.

2. Numbering of longest chain : Numbering of the chain is done in such a way that

the double bond/triple bond gets lowest number.

1

What is the correct IUPAC name of the following compound?

A. 2-Ethyl-4-methyl hexane B. 5-Ethyl-3-methyl hexane

C. 3,5-Dimethylheptane D. 3,5-Dimethylhexane

What is the correct IUPAC name of the following compound?

A. 4-Ethylpent-1-ene B. 2-Ethylpent-4-ene

C. 4-Methylhex-1-ene D. 3-Methylhex-1-ene

Nomenclature of

compounds containing

functional groups

Summary

Today

Nomenclature of Organic compounds having alicyclic rings

Rules:• The alicyclic compound is named with a cyclo in the prefix.

• If a substituents are present, then numbering is done as per lowest set

of locant rule.

• If the substituent chain contain more carbon than the cyclic chain then it

is considered as the main chain and cyclo group is considered as

substituent.

Nomenclature of Organic compounds having functional groups

Rules: • The parent chain should contain the carbon having the functional group.

• Numbering is done so that carbon containing functional group gets lowest number.

• If more than one functional group is present, then primary functional group is

selected according to priority order

• The primary functional group will be named in suffix, the rest will be named as

prefixes to the root word.

Today

Nomenclature of substituted benzene ring

Rules:• Substituents are numbered according to lowest set of locant rule.

• 1,2 ; 1,3 & 1,4 substituents are called ortho, meta & para respectively.

• Priority order of functional group is followed in case of more than one

functional group attached to benzene ring.

Nomenclature of bicyclo and spiro compounds

HOMEWORK

UPCOMING CLASS

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