255

Index

2D-FMC See 2-dimensional Fourier Magnitude Coefficients, 179

2-dimensional Fourier Magnitude Coefficients, 179

50 Cent, 8101 Dalmatians, 142001:

A Space Odyssey, 16[xor] synth, 202β rhythm, 211β-wave, 211, 212

AA2IM See American Association of

Independent Music, 6Ableton Live, 131, 132Ableton Push, 132absolutist view, 137acoustic fingerprint, 4acoustic instrument, 52acoustic signal, 102Advanced Audio Coding, 4Advancing Interdisciplinary Research in

Singing, 72aesthetic attitude, 139aesthetic emotion, 139aesthetic experience, 139, 140, 145aesthetic judgment, 139aesthetic perception, 128, 146, 157aesthetic preference, 139aesthetics of sonification, 189aesthetic stimuli, 139affect, 48, 68affectation, 30, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55,

56, 57, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 72affective expression, 89affective sound, 186Ahmet Ertegun Award, 1Air-Quality Egg, 185

N. Lee (ed.), Digital Da Vinci, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-0536-2, © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014

Akkersdijk, S., 86, 88Albin, Zak J., 40Albon, S. D., 61aleatoric music, 120aleatoric procedures, 37, 131algorithmic composer, 138algorithmic composition, 38, 132, 133algorithmic composition engine, 91algorithmic improvisation system, 101algorithms, 31al-Jazarī, 36Allvin, Raynold L., 240Almighty, The, 21alpha band, 206alpha leader, 60alto clef, 241Amazon mp3, 17ambient music, 129, 130ambient sound, 130American Association of Independent

Music, 6American Idol, 9, 25amplification, 53amplifiers, 51, 52amplitude envelope, 131analysis of variance, 210andante, 252Andrade, Mark, 14Andrews, Kevin, 21Angel of Death, 138animal communication, 46, 60animal learning, 140animation, 247annotation, 87ANOVA See analysis of variance, 210Antares, 49anti-apartheid anthem, 19anticipatory paradigm, 137

Index256

API See application programming interface, 196

Apple, 1, 6application programming interface, 196appraisal structure, 139Arduino, 186, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195,

196, 198, 199, 201, 202Ardweeny, 191, 192arias, 243Aristotle, 145arousal, 187, 208, 209, 211, 212, 214, 215,

217, 232arousal potential, 139artifact possessing agency, 81artifacts, 33, 49, 64, 79, 80artifice, 49artificial intelligence, 71, 91, 252artificial life, 91artificial lucidity, 123Artiphon, 17artist classification, 166artist expression, 66Ashby, Hal, 3Assayag, G., 116, 152asymmetrical spatial filter, 222atemporal music, 121attack time, 161Audacity, 70Audience Effect, 59Audio Oracle, 141, 142, 147, 148, 150, 151,

153, 155, 156, 157, 158Audio Oracle representation, 138audio signal analysis, 71audio stimulus, 211, 213, 214, 215, 225, 227,

231auditory channel, 85auditory perception, 43, 51, 56, 71Autechre, 131automated mixing, 130automatic music analysis, 160automatic recommendation, 166autonomous improvisation, 138autonomous musical machine, 128auto-tagging, 166auto-tune, 20, 49Avelar, Frank, 14Avicii, 25

BBaby Bells, 4Bach, J. S., 3, 129, 247, 248Bachorowski, J.-A, 48bag of features, 166bag of words, 166

Baldi, P. F., 145Bamberger, J., 120Band-OUT-of-the-Box, 103Bardachenko, Ievgenii, 19bass clef, 241bass note, 177Bayesian model, 140BCI-based game interface, 205, 206BCI See brain-computer interface, 205Beach Boys, The, 44beat, 172Beatles, The, 17Beat Of Magic Box, 202Beaton, B., 86, 87, 93Beilharz, K. A., 79Bell Atlantic, 4Bell Laboratories, 4, 13, 16Bello, Juan Pablo, 159Bell South, 4Bense, Max, 138Bergomi, Mattia G., 205Berlynes, Daniel, 139beta band, 206beta follower, 60Bianchi-Berthouze, N., 85Billboard, 17bioacoustics, 159bioinformatics, 160, 179biology, 30, 43, 51, 56biomechanics, 48, 51Birdwell, Rob, 15Birkhoff, George David, 138Björk, 71, 127Black Eyed Peas, The, 16blind source separation, 219Bloch, G., 152Boarduino, 190, 191BoB See Band-OUT-of-the-Box, 103BOF See bag of features, 166B.O.M.B. See Beat Of Magic Box, 202Bonnell, Pamela, 14Bono, 47, 52Boolean logic, 252Boop, Betty, 19Borchers, J., 87, 92Borys, Michael, 14Boston Court Performing Arts Center, 108Bowie, David, 54Boyle, Susan, 8brain channel, 207brain-computer interaction, 81brain-computer interface, 83, 205brain rhythm, 207brain signal, 207, 218, 219

Index 257

Brandenburg, Karlheinz, 4, 17brightness, 161Brokaw, Harold Cicada, 14Brooks, Evan, 70Brooks, Mel, 8Brown, James, 54Brown, Rob, 131Brunswik lens model, 50Bruza, Michael, 14Bryan-Kinns, N., 87BSS See blind source separation, 219Burns, Mike, 19Burns, K., 140, 145Burr, Raymond, 3Butera, Mike, 17Byrne, Mick, 201

CCage, John, 37, 108, 122, 130CAI See computer-aided instruction, 240Callisto, 14Candy, Michael, 201canon, 113, 115Carnegie Hall, 245Case, Steve, 3Castellani, Simone, 205catalog information, 134CEA See Consumer Electronics

Association, 4Čebyšev band-pass filter, 212, 218cellular automata, 133cepstral analysis, 163, 164cepstral representation, 165CGA See color graphics adapter, 241ChaChaCha, 173chance music, 37Chan, Dennis, 250channel vocoder, 162, 163chaos theory, 133Charles, Ray, 3Charlie X, 14Chau, Kai Ton, 13Chemillier, M., 152Cheney, D. L., 59, 65Cher, 20Chew, Elaine, 152Chomsky, Noam, 133choral conducting, 244chord, 174chord estimation, 179, 180chord progression, 177chord recognition, 160, 177, 180chord sequence, 92, 174, 175chord sequence estimation, 178

choreography, 92, 93chroma features, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179chromagram, 175, 176, 179chromatic musical style, 128chromatic scale, 243, 246chroma vector, 175, 176Clarke, Arthur C., 16Clark, H., 60classical music, 130classical repertoire, 43Clayton, Josephine, 13Clutton-Brock, T. H., 61coaxial cable, 4Cobra, 119, 121cocktail party problem, 219co-creative agent, 90, 92coercion, 58cognition, 34, 43, 48cognitive mastering, 139, 157cognitive musicology, 128cognitive science, 33, 90, 91Coldcut, 6collaborative musical expression, 80, 95collaborative sonification, 83Collins, Karen, 132color graphics adapter, 241common chords, 239communication, 30, 44, 45, 46, 48, 50, 51, 53,

56, 57, 59, 60, 64, 65, 66, 72, 100communication failure, 64compressed complexity, 138compression algorithm, 140, 143, 144Compression Rate, 142, 144Compror algorithm, 143computational creativity, 94computer-aided instruction, 240, 252computer music composition, 34computer programming, 13computer-synthesized voice, 16computer vision, 160conceptual art, 130concertos, 243Conference on New Interfaces for Musical

Expression, 193configurable interface, 84consonance, 128constant Q transform, 223, 224Consumer Electronics Association, 4contextual significance, 174continuation, 91Continuator, 91, 103contrast pattern, 66Cooper, Jay L., 8, 17Cope, David, 39, 133

Index258

cover-song identification, 178Cowell, Henry, 121creativity, 100, 123Cretan music, 174Crick, C., 90Crochemore, M., 136Crosby, Bing, 51Crow, Sheryl, 8Csound, 71, 195, 200cue-configuration, 48

DDaisy Bell (Bicycle Built for Two), 16Daisyphone, 87Dammers, Jerry, 19dance, 83, 89, 93Dannenberg, Roger, 70d’Arezzo, Guido, 128da Vinci, Leonardo, vii, 185Dawkins, Richard, 58DAWs See digital audio workstations, 131DCT See discrete cosine transform, 165deception, 62Dedman, Gary, 21deep learning, 133degrees of freedom, 36, 39, 42, 48de Leon, Dan DJ, 26delta band, 206deus ex machina, 145diaphragm, 51diatonic scale, 128Dibben, N., 64digital audio workstations, 131digital media, 123, 239digital media artifacts, 32digital production environment, 70digital rights management, 6digital signal processing, 218digital signal processors, 31dimensions of emotion, 208DiscoVision, 3discrete cosine transform, 165discrete Fourier transform, 163, 171, 208, 223DisneyBlast.com, 14Disney.com, 14Disney Online, 14distance music education, 250, 251DMG, 21Doctor Dolittle, 45dodecaphonic, 129Donnelly, Jason, 21dopamine neurons, 128downsampling, 163Dre, Dr., 8

Driscoll, S., 90, 103DSP See digital signal processing, 218Dubnov, Shlomo, 17, 153dubstep, 21Dufay, Guillaume, 128duo performance, 154dynamic structure, 50dynamic texture model, 133DYNUFAM index, 140

Eearmarks, 39EarMaster, 252ECG See electrocardiogram, 223economic utility theory, 140EEG, 83, 205, 206, 208, 209, 210, 211, 218,

219, 222, 223, 227, 231, 232, 233Eigenfeldt, Arne, 91, 93Eisenberg, Evan, 56electrocardiogram, 223Electroencephalography See EEG, 205electronic dance music, 130electronic keyboard, 239, 242, 249electronic metronome, 243electronic music, 122, 130electronic persona, 56e-licktronic, 202emo-tagging, 233emotion, 46, 47, 48, 50, 58, 67Emotiv Epoc, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210,

211, 232, 233emulation, 69Eno, Brian, 47, 71, 127, 130entropy, 135, 138, 140, 142, 143, 146, 147,

151environment, 59environmental sound, 130, 160, 166equalizers, 52Erler, Sven, 21Euclidean distance, 179, 215, 227Evans, C. S., 59EVE’, 140, 145, 146exaggeration, 66, 67Experimenta House of Tomorrow, 185, 186,

187expert system, 133explicit classification, 139expressive gestures, 34

FFacebook, 9, 23Factor Oracle, 135, 136, 141, 152faders, 35Fakebit Polytechnic, 202

Index 259

false note, 132Fanning, Sean, 4Farrell, Kelly, 26Faust, 71feature extraction, 160, 179, 180FeelSound, 81Fender, Leo, 3fiber optic, 4fidelity, 49, 56field recording, 130Flood, Daniel, 201Florence Cathedral, 129Flotsam, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194Flurry, Henry, 14FM spectrum, 191Folgieri, Raffaella, 205foot pedal, 154foreign language, 245Formalized Music, 132Fox, Liza, 19, 21, 26fractals, 133François, Alexandre R. J., 152Franklin, Carl, 15Fraunhofer Institute, 4Freeman, Clinton, 201frequency domain, 161Frith, Simon, 55Frith, W. T., 66furniture music, 130fuzzy logic, 252

GGabriel, Peter, 40, 71Gaga, Lady, 8Gaisburg, Fred, 29game, 47, 132, 205game command, 205game music, 207, 232gamer, 205game sound, 207Gann, Kyle, 121Gardner, Daniel, 21Gates, Bill, 3Gaussian distribution, 166General Layer, 134generative instrument, 130Generative Music Lab, 131generative procedure, 130, 131, 132Generative Theory of Tonal Harmony, 38genetic algorithm, 133genre classification, 166Georges, Cathy, 14Gerhäuser, Heinz, 4gesture interface, 82, 83, 84

gesture parametrization, 84gesture sonification, 83, 94Gilbert, Jesse, 14Gilmore, Steve, 26Girty, Gwen, 14Github, 201Glass, Philip, 38glissandi, 167Goina, M., 83Gonzalez, L.C., 19Goodall, Jane, 58Google, 1Google Ears, 17Google Play, 17Gotcher, Peter, 70Gräf, Albert, 71Grafen, A., 61Grammy Legend Award, 1grand stave, 241granular synthesis, 127Greenberg Traurig LLP, 8Green, Dave, 202Grixis, 21groove, 173Grove, Dick, 15gStrings, 246GTTH See Generative Theory of Tonal

Harmony, 38Guetta, David, 25Guitar Hero, 84Gulf of Evaluation, 185

HHaile/Pow, 103HAL 9000, 16Hammond, Kenneth R., 50Hancock, Herbie, 3, 172Hanning window, 208Hannu, Håkan, 21haptic interface, 81haptics, 81, 94haptic sensation, 192haptic vibration, 191, 192Hardin, Brett, 1Hargreaves, D., 48Harmonic Progression, 91, 93harmonics, 176harmonic similarity, 178harmonic transition, 110harmonization, 111harmony creation, 82harmony perception, 91Haris, Tony, 19Harper, David, 58

Index260

Hausdorff distance, 215Hauser, M. D., 59Hauxwell, Caroline, 201hedonomics, 186Hernández, A., 120hidden Markov model, 133, 177Hierarchial Sequential Memory for Music, 91hierarchical memory theory, 91Higgins, W., 242Hiller, Lejaren, 38, 132histogram, 166Hoffmann, G., 91Hong Kong Arts Centre, 13hook, 53, 54Hoxton Whores, 21Huff, Eric, 1, 14human-computer interaction, 159human-machine improvisation system, 100human voice, 238, 239Human Workplace, 16Hunchback of Notre Dame, The, 14Huron, D., 137, 145Hyperscore, 120

IIADS See International Affective Digitized

Sounds, 208IAPS See International Affective Picture

System, 212IBM 704, 16ICA See Independent Component Analysis,

218IEEE 1599, 157, Imaginative-Tension-Predictive-Reactive-

Appraisal, 145imitation, 36implicit memory integration, 139improvisational spontaneity, 123ImprovisationBuilder, 103improvised performance, 99Incremental Parsing, 135Independent Component Analysis, 218, 219Information Dynamics, 141, 153, 157Information Rate, 137, 138, 142, 143, 150,

158instant peer communication, 250instrumental fragment, 130instrumental improviser, 155instrumentalists, 15instrument identification, 180instrument recognition, 166Interactive Affect Design Diagram, 187interactive communication, 85interactive couch, 185

Interactive Entertainment BAFTA for Technical Innovation, 130

interactive improvisation, 138interactive improvisation system, 102, 107interactive music system, 100, 159interactive sonification, 186interactive sound, 186International Affective Digitized Sounds, 208,

212International Affective Picture System, 212Internet, 4, 9, 244, 250, 251, 253Internet of Things, 185interpolation, 109inversion, 129Invisible Studios, The, 20IOSONO, 5iPad, 7, 127, 243iPhone, 17iPod, 7iPod Touch, 17IP See incremental parsing, 135IR See Information Rate, 137Isaacson, Leonard, 132isorhythmic technique, 128ITPRA See Imaginative-Tension-Predictive-

Reactive-Appraisal, 145Itti, L., 145iTunes, 1, 17, 23Iyer, Vijay, 40

JJackendoff, Ray S., 38, 41, 63Jackson, Michael, 1Jagger, Mick, 57JayB, 19Java, 229Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award, 1Jetsam, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194Jones, Craig, 26Jones, Quincy, 1, 17Juslin, P. N., 50

KKane, Helen, 19karaoke, 244Kasem, Casey, 17Kay, Alan, 3Kazaa, 6Keil, Charles, 40Kelly, Jr. John L., 16Kersten, Stefan, 71key signatures, 242kinesthetic learner, 245, 247Kinetic engine, 91

Index 261

King, Jr. Martin Luther, 19Kivy, P., 67Klaar, Pia, 23Klaassen, Sjors, 19Knight, Laura, 1knowledge engineering, 133Koan, 130Kolmogorov Dynamics, 143Korg nanoKONTROL, 116Kramer, Lawrence, 44, 63Krata, Ira, 244Krebs, John R., 58Kuhn, Wolfgang E., 240Kundera, Milan, 129

LLabson, Erick, 21Lagan, 190, 192, 193, 194language games, 64language of time, 166Lanois, Daniel, 61latent parameter, 145Latifah, Queen, 6Laukka, P., 50learning algorithm, 136LeBeau, Brad, 26Leder, H., 139Lee, Inessa, 7Lee, Joey, 11Lee, Newton, 2, 14Lee, Phil, 23Lefford, M. Nyssim, 18Legge, Walter, 29Lempel-Ziv, 135Lerdahl, Fred, 38, 41, 63Letterman, David, 9Levey, Robin, 14Lewis, George, 101, 123, 134Libera Awards, 6Library of Congress, 16life science, 91linguistics, 43Linn 9000, 4Lion King Animated Storybook, The, 14listening process, 138, 146Logic Layer, 134Long Term Memory, 91looping, 130lossy compression, 135Lucier, Alvin, 83Luleå University of Technology, 72lyrics, 44, 46, 47, 50, 52, 54, 55, 63LZ See Lempel-Ziv, 135

Mmachine clock, 154machine improvisation, 100, 101, 102, 105,

106, 107, 134, 136, 138, 141, 152, 157machine learning, 91, 128, 133, 159, 160, 177,

178, 180machine listening, 159, 160, 164, 166, 174,

179, 180Machinima, 23Macintosh SE, 13magnetic tape, 239MahaDeviBot, 89, 91Mahalanobis distance, 222Main, Katie, 14Malinowski, Stephen, 247mand, 62Mandela, Nelson, 19manipulator, 58, 61, 66Mappe per Affetti Erranti, 83, 89Marimba robot, 89Markov chain, 127, 131, 133, 137Marler, P., 45, 59Martin, George, 17masterclass, 251mastering, 21mathematics, 16, 32Mathews, Max, 16Matthias, Dave DJ, 26Maxis, 127Max/MSP, 71, 102, 132, 153, 155Maynard-Smith, John, 58Mazzoni, Dominic, 70MCA, 3McCarthy, John, 252McCartney, James, 71McComb, K. T., 58McDermott, J., 90Media Development Authority, 11Mediated Communication, 84Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients, 144,

164melodic cycle, 128melodic patterns, 50melodic riff, 53Melody-Morph, 84Messiaen, Olivier, 115metadata, 5metronome, 243Meyer, L. B., 137Meyer, Leonard B., 38MFCCs See Mel-Frequency Cepstral

Coefficients, 144Michigan Leading Edge Technology Award,

14

Index262

micro-coordination, 79, 80, 85, 95microphone, 51, 52, 54, 219, 237, 245MIDI, 82, 101, 102, 105, 115, 116, 117, 132,

134, 135, 152, 154, 160, 178, 202, 240, 242, 245, 249, 253

Migamo, 132Mignone, Thomas, 23Miko, Hatsune, 56Miller, K., 84Million Song Dataset, 179, 180Mimi, 152, 153Mimi4x, 100, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121,

122, 123mind reader, 60, 61, 62minimalism, 130Minuet, 129Miracles, The, 50MIREX See Music Information Retrieval

Evaluation eXchange, 180MIROR project, 84, 93mixing, 20, 82, 127mixing console automation, 35, 49MMO See Music Minus One, 244mobile device, 193mobile instrument, 89monologue communication, 89monophonic texture, 246Monte Carlo Markov chains, 91Montgomery, Monk, 3mood estimation, 180MoodMixer, 83Moorefield, Virgil, 39, 44, 54Moore, Scottie, 56Motown, 3, 50Mozart, 37, 129Mozzi, 186, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199,

201, 202MP3 Surround, 6MP3 See MPEG-1 Layer 3, 1MPEG-1 Layer 3, 4MPEG-2, 4MTV, 1multidimensional directed information, 223multi-instrumental ensemble, 167Multimodal Interaction for Musical

Improvisation, 99Multimodal Music Interaction, 81Munoz, E. E., 89musical automatons, 37musical collaboration, 79, 84, 85, 93, 94musical creation process, 100musical data, 127, 140musical expectation, 137, 140musical experience, 130, 137

musical expression, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 89, 92, 94, 95

musical fruit fly experiment, 201musical gesture, 59, 62, 68musical instrument, 80Musical Instrument Digital Interface See

MIDI, 249musical interaction, 80, 82, 87musical interpretations, 38, 51musical language, 129, 241, 245musical meta-creation, 91musical notation, 34, 241, 249musical pattern, 33, 34, 35, 38, 46, 60, 70musical performance, 34, 35, 36, 37, 40, 48,

66, 68, 71, 84musical phrase, 93musical score, 138, 153musical signal, 128, 157musical sonification, 189musical structure, 128, 130, 133, 134, 137,

138, 141, 145, 149, 150, 154, 157Music Animation Machine, 247, 248music classification, 180music classroom, 238music composition, 13, 38, 41, 71, 82, 205,

207, 239, 244MusicDb, 91music education technology, 240music educator, 237, 238, 239music entertainment tool, 205music evaluation, 139Music for Solo Performer, 83musicianship, 178music improvisation, 135music informatics, 160, 166Music Information Dynamics, 128, 142, 156Music Information Retrieval Evaluation

eXchange, 180music listening, 63Music Minus One, 244musicological analyses, 134musicology, 43music pedagogy, 238, 240, 249, 251, 252music perception, 90, 95, 128, 137, 157music producer, 18, 29, 53music production, 17, 18, 33, 67, 205, 207music recommendation services, 159music recording, 29, 30, 35, 42music retrieval, 133music rudiments, 240, 242music similarity, 174, 180music stream, 116, 118, 122music technology, 79, 80, 90, 238music video, 19

Index 263

Music Week, 17Musikalisches Wurfelspiel, 129musique d’amebulement, 130musiXmatch, 17mutual engagement, 87mutual modifiability, 87myographic interface, 205myographic signal, 207MySpace, 9, 23

NNakanishi, Yoshihito, 202nanotechnology, 3Napster, 4Narmour, Eugene, 137National Academy of Recording Arts and

Sciences Heroes Award, 6National University of Singapore, 11natural listening environments, 53natural selection, 59, 60Netflix, 1neural network, 94, 133, 178, 223neurophysiology, 128neuroscience, 90, 95, 128Neurosky MindWave, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210,

211, 232, 233Newman, Allyson, 18New Music Seminar, 6New York City, 245New York University, 159, 240Ngee Ann Polytechnic, 11Ng, Kenneth, 14Nimoy, Leonard, 13Noatikl, 130, 131noisy signals, 47, 49non-musician, 79, 80, 81, 84, 93non-negative matrix factorization, 180normalize levels, 32Norman, Donald, 185North, C., 48Northwestern University, 238Notational, Performance and Audio Layers,

134novelty detection, 166, 169novelty function, 167, 170, 171, 172Nuper Rosarum Flores, 129Nyxl, 21

Ooff-pitch, 238Oh, Mina, 14OMax, 102, 103, 134, 152, 153on ground, 250online music education, 251

onset, 166, 170onset detection function, 167onset pattern, 174onset strength signal, 167OpenMusic, 102OpenMusic/Max, 152OpenSound Control, 102opportunistic overlay improvisation, 92Oracle visualization, 105, 107orbitofrontal cortex, 128orchestration, 239organized duration, 166Orlarey, Yann, 71oscilloscope, 245, 246OsciPrime, 246Osgood, Charles E., 62Owren, M.J., 48Oxenham, A. J., 90

PPachet, F., 103Page, David, 3Paine, G., 89Pape, Dave, 202Paramount Recording Studios, 20participatory skills, 43Pasquier, Philippe, 93passing melody, 177Patcher, 71pattern matching, 160Peermusic, 20peer pressure, 61peer-to-peer file sharing, 1Peeters, Geoffroy, 173Peloušek, Václav, 202pentatonic scale, 128People Inside Electronics, 108, 111perception, 30, 32, 38, 43, 47, 50, 59, 66, 67perceptual analyses, 139percussive sound, 177performance visualization, 103, 107Performing Information, 153Perry, Katy, 8personalized radio streams, 159Personal Orchestra, 92personnages rythmiques, 115Petri Nets, 133, 134Phillips, Sam, 56phrase structure, 166physiological psychology, 137physiology, 46, 51, 52, 67piano roll notation, 103piano rolls, 9PICAXE, 187, 189

Index264

Picchiotti, Mark, 21Pierce, John, 16piezo buzzer, 193piracy, 9pitch, 174pitch change, 131pitch detection, 91pitch structure, 166Pittman, Carrie, 14Plank, 81Plato’s Stepchildren, 13playlisting, 166PLP See predicted local pulse, 172Pocahontas, 14Polotti, P., 83polymath, vii, 36polyphonic ensemble, 167polyphonic texture, 113, 246polyphony, 135Polyplayground, 132Pomona College, 108popular music, 35, 42, 43, 44, 47, 53, 56, 129,

130predicted local pulse, 172predictive model, 133Presley, Elvis, 56probabilistic functionalism, 50probabilistic model, 103Probabilistic Suffix Tree, 135procedural literacy, 32procedural representations, 34Processing, 229processing algorithm, 71programming language, 71Prokofiev, Sergei, 144, 147, 148ProTools, 70prototypicality, 139PSO See Public Sound Objects, 86PST See Probabilistic Suffix Tree, 135psychoacoustic phenomena, 130psychology, 43, 48Public Sound Objects, 86Puckette, Miller, 71Puckette, M. S., 102pulse train algorithm, 192Pulse-Width Modulation, 192, 196Pure Data, 71, 153, 195Puzzle, DJ, 21PWM See Pulse-Width Modulation, 192PyOracle, 135, 153, 154, 155, 156Pythagoras, 128Pythagorean tuning, 128Python, 155, 196

QQ-transform, 212quantize performances, 32quartets, 243Queensland University of Technology, 202query-by-example, 178Query by Humming, 6

RRamachandran, V. S., 66Rare, Joe, 21RCA-Victor, 3reacTable, 81real sonification, 84Recording Industry Association of America, 6recording session, 20, 29Recurrence Plot, 223, 227RED camera, 26Reddy, V., 61redundancy, 63referentialist view, 137Reich, Steve, 38Reidsma, Dennis, 87remixes, 21Renaissance, vii, 13, 17Requiem For Methuselah, 14retrograde, 129reverberation, 33, 52, 54reversal-recognition, 145reverse metronome calculation, 243Reyes, Jonathan, 19Reynolds, Roger, 138rhythm, 160, 166, 169, 170, 171, 173, 174rhythm creation, 82rhythmic activity, 121rhythmic cells, 115rhythmic cycle, 128rhythmic patterns, 50rhythmic phrase-matching improvisation, 92RIAA See Recording Industry Association of

America, 6Richie, Lionel, 3Riley, Terry, 38, 120, 121RMFH, DJ, 19Robinson, Smokey, 50robotic drummer, 103robotic music-making, 90robotic performer, 86robotics, 159Rock & Roll, 3Rock & Roll Hall of Fame, 1Rodgers and Hammerstein, 13Rojas, Heidi, 19

Index 265

Romanticism, 129rondo, 114, 115Rosario, Ralphi, 21Rubin, Rick, 49Rudolph, Ilonka, 21rule-based system, 123Rumba, 173RuPaul, 6Russian Arm, 26Ruthmann, Alex, 240Ryan, Liz, 16

SSAI See Software Architecture for

Immersipresence, 100sampler, 71Sänger, J., 83Satie, Erik, 130Saturday Night Live, 9Schankler, Isaac, 108, 111schizophrenic performance, 84Schoenberg, Arnold, 129Schubert, Franz, 244Scriabin, Alexander, 103seagull, 66sea-wave sound, 192Second Life, 23second voice, 113Seinfeld, Jerry, 8Seitzer, Dieter, 4semantic analysis, 127semantic meaning, 44, 47, 50serialism, 129Serrie, Keir, 14Seyfarth, R. M., 59, 65Sharman, James, 21Shawl, David, 23Shazam, 17sheet music, 13, 38Shimon, 86, 91, 92, 93Short Term Memory, 91short-time Fourier transform, 176side-chaining, 131signal energy, 167signaling, 57, 58, 59, 65signal processing, 52, 53, 54, 55, 70, 71, 127,

130, 159, 174signal processing algorithm, 127signal processors, 49, 51signal segmentation, 167signature, 39, 42, 51, 54, 68, 133signature patterns, 39Silverman, Tom, 6, 17

Sinatra, Frank, 51sine wave, 189, 196, 197, 199, 201sine wave sonification, 189Sinfonia, 252singer, 19, 44, 46, 47, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57,

58, 60, 61, 64, 65, 66, 67, 72, 238sinusoid, 170, 171, 172Sîrbu, Ana, 19Sîrbu, Radu, 19Skinner, B. F., 62Smart Board, 250SmartMusic, 244, 252smart phone, 185, 186, 188, 189, 190Smart Thing, 185, 186, 189, 190, 191, 192,

193social activity, 43, 60, 65social awareness, 90, 92, 95social behavior, 92, 95social bond, 65social cohesion, 64, 69social construct, 65social interaction, 43, 46, 51, 56, 61, 65, 72social media, 240social musical collaborator, 92Social Sciences and Humanities Research

Council of Canada, 72soft synths, 71Software Architecture for Immersipresence,

100software synthesizes, 71solar panel, 186solo instrument, 239solo performance, 154SoMax, 134, 152songfulness, 44Song Reader, 38songwriter, 18, 19, 55, 64sonic features, 41, 43, 47, 62, 68sonic feedback, 186, 193sonic interface, 185sound art, 130sound engineer, 20, 31SoundExchange, 6SoundHound, 17sound libraries, 245Sound Meter, 246, 247Soundpainting, 119sound quality, 32, 39, 41, 49, 72sound quality assessment, 41Soundscape, 130sound source, 33, 56sound synthesis, 34, 36Sparkfun, 190

Index266

sparse coding, 179, 180spatial dislocation, 87Spatial Dislocation, 86Spector, Phil, 41spectral centroid, 161, 162spectral envelope, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165spectral flatness, 161SpectralGL, 15spectral spread, 161spectrograph manipulation, 82speech, 45, 46, 61, 89, 160, 161, 166, 177speech interface, 188Spheeris, Penelope, 25spontaneity, 123spontaneous exclamations, 54Spotify, 23Squeak, 2Staalhemel, 83Standuino, 202Star Trek, 13Star Trek in the 20th Century Club, 13static harmony, 130statistical model, 133, 157, statistical music modeling, 128statistical regularities, 160Stewart, Thomas R., 50STFT See short-time Fourier transform, 176stochastic procedure, 132stochastic process, 103stochastic system, 123straight tone, 238Stravinsky, Igor, 115, 137striatum, 128string quartet, 132structural disturbance, 63structural improvisation, 119, 123Structural Layer, 134subtractive synthesizer, 161suicide note, 62Supercollider, 71super stimulus, 66Surges, Greg, 17, 153surprisal, 145surround sound, 53, 69surveillance, 159Swanson, Stephanie, 26Sweatsonics, 189swing, 173Swingle, Elizabeth, 14symbolic chord sequence, 179symphonic orchestra, 240, 243synchronicity, 161synchronization, 86synthesizer, 186, 189, 193, 202, 249synthetic harmony, 131synthetic instrument, 71

Ttactile interface, 81Takahashi, M., 90talea, 128tangible interface, 84, 94Tarumi, H., 90Tatar, D., 80techno, 21, 131teleological component, 122television, 9, 140Temple, Shirley, 57Temporal Dislocation, 87temporal ordering, 166temporal structure, 166temporal variation, 161ten-hand piano, 86tenor clef, 241theremin, 83, 189theta band, 206, 211Thom, B., 103Thompson, Walter, 119Thompson, W. F., 89thresholding, 170Thurmond, Dennis, 100, 105, 106Tiesto, 25timbral improvisation, 153timbre, 34, 44, 46, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 58, 160,

161, 174, 177, 179time-domain signal, 163, 167Tinbergen, N., 66Toast, Michael DJ, 26Toft, R., 52Tommy Boy Records, 6tonal analysis, 174tonal harmonic language, 130tonality, 174tone-deaf, 245tone transition, 111totalism, 121touch-interface, 94touchscreen interface, 188T-Pain, 20tracking, 20transient, 167transient noise, 170, 177Transition Network, 133treble clef, 241tremolo, 167Trevarthen, C., 64Tudor, David, 122tuneblocks, 120Tuomenoksa, Mark, 14Turkish music, 174twelve-tone, 129twisted pair, 4Twitter, 185

Index 267

UU2, 47uncompressed complexity, 138Universal Mastering Studios, 21Universal Serial Bus See USB, 249Università degli Studi di Milano, 205University of California in San Diego, 127University of Illinois, 132USB, 249user experience, 207user interface, 86, 242Ussachevsky Memorial Festival, 108U.S.S. Enterprise, 14

Vvalence, 187, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 214,

215, 217, 225, 227, 233Variable Markov Models, 135Varni, G., 86, 89, 90, 92verbal channel, 85, 93Vercoe, Barry, 71Verplank, Bill, 80, 81VGA See video graphics array, 241vibrato, 167, 238video game, 132video graphics array, 241Viewpoints Research Institute, 11vinyl record, 239virtual conductor, 83, 87, 88, 93virtual control surfaces, 36virtual improvisor, 134virtual musician, 94virtual orchestra, 83, 88, 92virtuosity, 89, 93Visconti, Tony, 54Visions Fugitives, 144, 147, 148, 150, 151visual channel, 85visual feedback, 86visual interface, 100, 102, 103, 105, 106, 107,

116visual learner, 245visual stimulus, 211, 212, 214, 215, 234VMM See Variable Markov Model, 135vocal communication, 46, 57, 68vocal expression, 46, 48vocal performance, 30, 44, 46, 49, 55, 57, 64,

65, 67, 69vocal persona, 55, 57, 65, 72vocal recording, 20, 29voice shaping technologies, 71Voice, The, 9Von Mallasz, Sàndor, 26

Voyager, 101, 103, 123, 134vX.0, 202

WWalker, Evelyn G., 62Walker, W. F., 103Ward, K. P. N., 83Waterhouse, Matt, 26Watson Fellowship, 15Wave Field Synthesis, 5Wayfaring Swarms installation, 83Way to Eden, The, 14Webber, Peter R., 250webcast, 9webinar, 250Webster, Peter R., 238, 240Weinberg, G., 90, 91, 103Western historic music, 246Western music, 130, 138Western musical styles, 41Western music notation, 34Western pop music, 178Western tonal harmony, 34, 38, 43Western tonal music, 174whispers, 53White, Jack, 55Wifi Washing Machine, 185Wiley, R., 62Will, DJ, 26will.i.am, 13, 16Wilson, Brian, 44Winehouse, Amy, 64Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree, 14Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 47, 64W., Kristine, 6WoMax, 102Woodbury University, 15Wukovitz, Stephanie, 14Wyar, Bob, 14

XX, Princess, 19, 25Xenakis, Iannis, 129, 130, 132

YYoung, La Monte, 38YouTube, 1, 9, 23, 120, 253Yuldashev, Bakhodir, 23

ZZiZi, 186, 187Zorn, John, 119, 121