Index

1-tap equalizer 28π/M -shifted MPSK 96

π/2-shifted BPSK 96π/4-shifted QPSK 98

ABBA Code 126Additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) 26, 115, 125ACK/NACK transmission time 325Angle of departure (AoD) 454, 461Angle of arrival (AoA) 454Antenna pattern 462, 478Antenna ports 204Alamouti code 124Almost regular permutation (ARP) interleaver 268Angle spread 455Asychronous non-adaptive hybrid ARQ 317Asychronous adaptive hybrid ARQ 317

low overhead 319Automatic repeat request (ARQ) 309

Backoff indicator (BI)Bandwidth part (BP) 350Beamwidth 462Battery power consumption 369Broadcast control channel 80, 187Broadcast network 426Broadside 454

CAZAC sequence 211computer-generated 212, 356

Cell identity 187Cell search 187Cellular layout 476cdma2000 426cdma2000 1x-EV-DV (evolution data voice) 1Chi-square distribution 295

PDF 296Channel bandwidth 172Channel coding 251Channel interleaver 285Channel capacity 75

OFDM uplink system 30, 79power-limited 75

SC-FDMA uplink system 80TDMA uplink system 77WCDMA downlink system 30WCDMA uplink system 75

Channel impulse response 27Channel-sensitive scheduling 292, 342Channel quality indication (CQI) 345

aperiodic reporting 349, 359channel coding 362differential 347periodic reporting 349reporting modes 350wideband 347

Codeblock 256Codeblock segmentation 262Codeblock concatenation 285Code division multiple access (CDMA) 1, 428

pole capacity 70synchronous CDMA 71wideband CDMA 20

Coefficient of variation (CV) 296Coherence bandwidth 62, 306Coherence time 62Concave function 115Contention-free interleaver 267

maximum contention-free interleaver 268Control channel element (CCE) 390Control format indicator (CFI) 372Convolution linear 28

circular 28Convolutional code 271

circular buffer rate matching 281subblock interleaver 281

COST 231 propagation models 452COST 231 Hata urban propagation model 106, 452COST 231 Walfish–Ikegami NLOS model 106, 452Correlated transmit antennas 116Coverage 105, 243Cyclic delay diversity (CDD) 111

large-delay 165power spectral density 162precoded-CDD 116small-delay 161

Cyclic prefix 21, 111addition operation 26

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Index 489

extended 176, 205normal 176, 205overhead 80

Cyclic redundancy check (CRC) 255generator polynomial 255, 260

Cyclic shift 233restricted 238

Data control multiplexing 343, 369Dedicated traffic channel (DTCH) 11Delay spread 306, 455Demodulation reference signal (DMRS) 209, 215Digital audio broadcast (DAB) 426Discontinuous reception (DRX) 11, 13, 331Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) 26, 156, 201

implementation complexity 85matrix 26, 116predcoding metrix 122

Doppler shift 449Doppler spread 62Downlink control information (DCI) 378

formats 380Digital video broadcast – handheld (DVB-H) 426Digital multimedia broadcast 426

Effective SNR 33Energy per resource element (EPRE) 334

ratio 337Ergodic capacity 33Evolved broadcast multicast service center (eBM-SC)

427Evolved packet system (EPS) 7

bearer 9Evolved universal terrestrial radio access (EUTRA) 2eNode-B (eNB) 5eNB functions 5

admission control 5ciphering 5header compression 5radio resource management 6reliable delivery of packets 5

eNB processing time 326Exponential effective SIR mapping (EESM) 481

File transfer protocol (FTP) 472Filler bits 264, 266Fisher–Tippett distribution 475Fist generation (1G) analog cellular system 1, 88Finite impulse response (FIR), filter 26Flexible bandwith 3, 172Fractional frequency reuse 419Fractional loading 421Frequency dependent modulation adaptation 303Frequency diversity 52Frequency division duplex (FDD) 342Frequency-domain equalization (FDE) 25, 36, 75

Single carrier FDE (SC-FDE) 36

Frequency-flat fading 114Frequency-selective fading 31Frequency-selective scheduling (FSS) 298, 305, 347Frequency shift transmit diversity (FSTD) 119

transmit matrix 120Frequency synchronization 187

Generalized chrip-like (GCL) sequence 233Bo-back N ARQ protocol 310Gold sequence 188GPRS tunneling protocol – user date tunneling

(GTP-U) 7GSM (Global system for mobile communications) 1Gaussian random variable 456

Half-duplex FDD 3High rate packet date (HRPD) 1, 426High speed packet access (HSPA) 1, 295, 329

Release 3Higher layer configured subband feedback 362Householder matrix 158Hybrid indicator (HI) 396Hybrid ARQ process 325

subblock processing time 326Hypertext markup language (HTML) 472Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) 472

IEEE 802.16e standard 2IEEE 802.16m 4IMS (Internet multimedia server) 5IMT-2000 (international mobile telecommunications

2000) 1family of standards 3

IMT-advanced systems 4Inter-eNB handover 14Inter-cell interference (ICI) 82, 329, 409

cancellation 411coordination 412intra-cell 82mitigation 411randomization 411

Inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) 329, 338Inter-symbol interference (ISI) 20, 28, 82, 429Interference frequency-selevtive 34

non-frequency-selective 35diversity 52

Interference-over-thermal (IoT) 329Interference rejection combining (IRC) 411, 479IP protocols 2, 5IP functions 5

address allocation 5policy enforcing 5filtering and routing 5

Isotropic radiator 105ITU-R channel models 448

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490 Index

Jensen’s inequality 115

Linear feedback shift register (LFSR) 187, 256Linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE)

receiver 20Link adaptation 303Line-of-sight (LOS) 450Log-likelihood ratio (LLR) 267Log-MAP algorithm 267Log normal distribution 455Logical channel 9

definition 11Log–Weibull distribution 475Low-density parity check (LDPC) code 251

structured LDPC 253H matrix 253

m-sequence 188MAC random access response (MAC-RAR) 247

MAC PDU 247Maximum transmission unit (MTU) 473Maximum ratio combining (MRC) 29, 126, 429, 479MBMS service area 16MediaFLO 426Medium access control (MAC) 9Micro-sleep mode 369MIMO (multiple unit multiple output) 3

codebook 157codebook alphabet 157codebook subset 360codeword swapping 327closed-loop 342layer banking 324multiple receive antennas 48per antenna rate control (PARC) 150single-user MIMO 484uplink multi-user MIMO 74, 484

MIMO processing 50maximum likelihood detection (MLD) 51, 127, 150

Mobility management entity/gateway (MME/GW) 5authentication 5authorization 5bearer management 5gateway selection 5paging retransmission 5roaming 5tracking area list management 5

Modulation and coding scheme (MCS) 330Modulation switching 306Multi-carrier CDMA (MC-CDMA) 51Multicast broadcast single frequency network

(MBSFN) 12, 176, 187, 431duty cycle 437MBSFN area 16MBSFN synchronization 16reference signals 205

spectral efficiency 483superposition 438

Multicast control chnnel (MCCH) 11Multicast traffic channel (MTCH) 11Multi-cell multicast coordination entity (MCE) 17Multi-codeword (MCW) 149, 256, 305, 324Multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS) 426

gateway 427Multi-path diversity 297Multi-user diversity 292Multi-path propagation 20Multiple access interference (MAI) 81, 82

N -channel stop-and-wait 313Network gateway (P-GW) 5New data indicator (NDI) 315Nominal channel spacing 172Non-access stratum (NAS) 7Non-frequency-selective scheduling (NFSS) 298Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) 448, 450

OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiple) 2,20–21

discrete Fourier transform (DFT) implementation24

fast frequency hopping (FFH) 54power spectral density 24offset quadrature amplitude modulation

(OQAM) 64subcarrier orthogonality 23

Operation and maintenance (O&M) function 17Orthogonal transform algorithm (IOTA) function 66

Packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) 6Packet data network (PDN) 5Packet flows 8Paging control channel (PCCH) 11Pareto distribution 474Parallel concatenated convolutional code (PCCC) 265Path-loss exponent 106Persistent allocation 314Phase reference 207Physical broadcast channel (PBCH) 195Physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH)

12, 373Physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) 11Physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) 12, 244

blind decoding 390formats 392monitoring 391search space 391

Physical hybrid ARQ indicator channel (PHICH) 12,396

group 397Physical multicast channel (PMCH) 12Physical random access channel (PRACH) 244

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Index 491

Physical resource block (PRB) 176Physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) 344

formats 216, 355Physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) 12, 216, 345Point-to-multipoint (PTM) 426Point-to-point (PTP) 426Power control 329

PUCCH power control 322PUSCH power control 330downlink 334

Power flux density 105Power headroom 332Power imbalance 335

spatial-domain 336Power sharing 370, 437Power spectral density (PSD) 432, 482Propagation model 448Precoding matrix indication (PMI) 347Precoding vector switching (PVS) 122Primary synchronization signal (PSS) 191Propagation time 325Proportional fair scheduling (PFS) 301, 347Pseudo-noise (PN) sequence 70, 187Puncturing 116, 128, 131

Quadratic permutation polynomial (QPP)interleaver 268

Radio bearer 9Radio frame 175Radio link control (RLC) 6, 314

acknowledge mode (AM) 9un-acknowledge mode 9

Radio network controller (RNC) 6processing load 6

Radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) 14cell RNTI (C-RNTI) 247random access RNTI (RA-RNTI) 244

Radio resource control (RRC) 7Rake receiver 28, 82, 295, 429, 483Random access 226

cyclic prefix 226guard time (GT) 226overhead 232peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) 233preamble 226signal peakiness 233cubic metric 243

Random access channel (RACH) 12Random access ID (RAID) 247Random access response (PAR) 244Rank indication (RI) 347Rayleigh fading 291

distribution 295, 450random variable 295

Real-time transport protocol (RTP) 470Receive diversity 88

Recursive systematic convolution (RSC) code 264Redundancy version (RV) 280Reed–Muller (RM) code 353Reference signal 200

boosting 204multiplexing 199overhead 222power spectral density (PSD) 200, 339UE-specific 200, 207

Relative narrowband transmit power (RNTP) 340Resource allocation 374

type 0 375type 1 377type 2 377

Resource block 202Resource element 175Resource element group (REG) 370Resource index 359Reuse partitioning 419Rician channel 306Rise-over-thermal (RoT) 66Robust header compression (ROHC) protocol 11Round trip time (RTT) 313RRC functions 7

paging 7radio bearer control 7RRC connection management 7system information broadcast 7UE measurement reporting and control 7

RRC states 13RRC CONNECTED 13RRC IDLE 13

S1 interface 5Sample period 173Scheduling request (SR) 218Seamless mobility 14Second generation (2G) digital system 1, 88Secondary synchronization signal (SSS) 192Selective repeat ARQ 311Serving gateway (S-GW) 5Shadow fading 454

distribution 457Signal peakiness 89

16-QAM 9364-QAM 94complex Gaussian signal 95cubic power metric 89, 90, 95, 344measure 89peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR) 89, 344QPSK 92RACH 243

Silence insertion description (SID) 470Single carrier FDMA 3, 71, 305, 329

IFDMA 71DFT precoding 72DFT-spread OFDM 72

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492 Index

Single carier FDMA (Cont.)distributed FDMA 218

Single frequency network (SFN) 426Sleep-mode 368Soft-handoff 5Soft buffer 278, 284Soft frequency reuse 420Space frequency block code (SFBC) 143, 402

SFBC-CDD 127SFBC-PSD 128SFBC-PMS 129SFBC-PVS 129

SFBC-FSTD 131, 197, 336, 400spread SFBC-FSTD 136balanced SFBC-FSTD 140

Spatial channel model (SCM) 448, 482extension SCME 464parameters 453

Single codeword (SCW) 149Slot structure 176Sounding reference signal (SRS) 209, 217, 333

bandwidth configurations 219subframes 220power control 333

Space time block code (STBC) 124Spectrum shaping 98

Kaiser window 100raised-cosine 101

Stop-and-wait (SAW) ARQ 309Stream control transmission protocol (SCTP) 8Subcarrier spacing 202Subframe 173Successive interference cancellation (SIC) 71, 323,

441, 484SYNC protocol 18Synchronization signals 187Synchronous non-adaptive hybrid ARQ 315Synchronous adaptive hybrid ARQ 315

Tail bits 271Tail-biting 271Tanner graph 252Thermal noise density 70Time division duplex (TDD) 342Time shift transmit diversity (TSTD) 122Time synchronization 187

uplink 226Timing advance 226Timing offset 175Toeplitz matrix 27Tracking area 15

tracking area identity (TAI) 15Transmission bandwidth 172Transmission control protocol (TCP) 8Transmission time interval (TTI) 196

Transmission diversity 110, 343codeword to layer mapping 141open-loop 114precoding operation 142

Transmit power control (TPC) command 330Transport channel 9Transport block 258Transport format 330Transport network layer (TNL) 17Trellis termination 267Turbo coding 251, 264

adjacent interleaver sizes 263block interleaver 274block interleaving 275circular buffer rate matching 273subblock interlacing 277

Turbo decoding early stopping 257Typical Urban (TU) channel model 482

UE processing time 326UE selected subband feedback 360UMB (ultra mobile broadband) 2Uncertainty principle 64Uniform distribution 456, 457Union–Chernoff bound 481Uplink reference signal 209

group hopping 213hopping pattern 214sequence 211sequence shift pattern 214

Virtual antenna 122Virtual resource block (VRB) 178

localized 179distribution 179

Voice activity factor (VAF) 469VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) 2, 314, 329, 470

capacity 485

Walsh code 20, 398Walsh-spread OFDM 52WiMAX forum 2WirelessMAN 2World radiocommunication conference (WRC) 4

X2 interface 5

Zadoff–Chu (ZC) sequence 189, 233cyclic shift 230

Zero-forcing receiver 39, 46noise enhancement 48

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