Index

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A 5α-androst-16-en-3-one 731 α-tocopherol – See: α-TTP α-TTP 237, 244, 404

– content of mature milk 408 – in milk of adolescent mothers 242 – secretion 242 – supplementation 241

AA 222, 323, 573, 574 ABC 154, 157

– transporter protein expression 158 acetylcholine 342 acetylcholinesterase 470 acid dissociation constant of drugs 695 acini 17, 25, 173 acrolein-lysine 602 acuity 789 adipocytes 22, 27, 158, 392 adipokines 390, 391 adiponectin 391, 594

– and BMI 395 – breast milk levels 396 – receptors 391 – serum concentration 394

adipophilin – See: ADPH ADMA 612 ADPH 46 AFB1 818 aflatoxins 818

– in human milk 818 – levels in breast milk 821

aflatoxins B1 – See: AFB1 aflatoxins M1 – See: AFM1 AFM1 823

– as a biomarker for aflatoxins 825 ageing processes, deceleration 139 Akt 172 ALA 571 albumin 257 alfa linolenic acid – See: ALA allergen 73

– administration through breast milk 455 – avoidance 73

– cat ~ 452 – house dust mite ~ 452 – transfer of ~ through breast milk 428

allergy 69, 425 – cow’s milk 420 – effect of probiotics 427 – food 104, 454 – peanuts 75, 454 – wheat 451

allograft rejection 453 alpha-tocopherol transfer protein – See: α-TTP

alveolar milk 149 alveoli 168 Alzheimer’s patients 139 Amebiasis 523 anaemia 366

– maternal ~ 365 analgesia, infant sensitivity 697 analgesics 204, 694 anaphylaxis 68 anemia of prematurity 357 angiogenesis 439, 441 anoikis 172 antenatal betamethasone treatment 188 antibodies 60, 152, 230, 465

– secretory 63 antigen 252

– airborn 452 – concentration in breast milk 450 – transfer 451

anti-inflammatory – markers 426 – mechanism 139

antioxidant 243, 329, 406, 486, 604 – effect 412 – total capacity in colostrum 607 – total capacity in human milk 606

antiretroviral – drugs 680, 684 – strategies, infant formula 683

APE 589 apelin – See: APE

836 Handbook of dietary and nutritional aspects of human breast milk

Index

apical – membrane 43 – plasma 46 – plasma membrane 46, 153

apoptosis 27 appetite 120, 196, 497

– control 397 – effect of ghrelin 588 – self-regulatory mechanisms 123

arachidonic acid – See: AA aroma

– of breast milk 739 – profile analyses 733

artificial feeding 195 asphyxia 220 asthma 70, 427, 428 asymmetric dimethylarginine – See: ADMA atopic symptoms 422 atopy 426 ATP-binding cassette – See: ABC autoimmune diseases 138

B β-lactoglobulin 450 bacterial-epithelial crosstalk 108 bacterial translocation 109 banked pasteurized human milk 667 basolateral early endosome – See: BEE BBB 696 BBM 746 B-cell 64 BEE 46 beneficial effects 102 betaine 340, 346 BH2 503 BH4 503

– deficiency 505 – effect of milk pasteurization 510 – in colostrum 508 – oral supplementation 509

bifidogenic – bacteria 108, 139, 309, 487, 517, 521 – effect 108

bile salt 328 – stimulated lipase – See: BSSL

bioactive components 122 bioactive peptides 252 bioactive sterol 324 biological functions 255 biomarkers 187 biopterin

– in breast milk 507 – in infant formula 507 – plasma levels of ~ 505 – synthesis by mammary gland 507

birth weight, very low 189 blood-brain barrier – See: BBB blood-breast milk barrier – See: BBM BMI 127

– high maternal ~ 187 body mass index – See: BMI bombesin 591 bone mineral density 577 bottle feeding of breast milk, negative

effects 122 bovine colostrum 136 brain

– development 526 – maturation 225

branching of ducts 21 breastfeeding

– definition 121 – factors regulating 537 – maternal intention 720

breast milk intake 639 breast pump

– design 120 – efficiency 198

breast shield 202 breath profile 735 BSSL 469

– genotype 472 – molecular mass of ~ 471

C caesarean delivery 186, 221

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– and delayed lactogenesis 619 – stress from ~ 222

calcium binding protein B – See: S100B caloric content 93 candidiasis 228 carbohydrate concentration in preterm

milk 91 carcinogenesis 595 cardiac arrhythmia 560 cardiac disease 412 cardiovascular disease 161, 323 casein 170, 186, 253

– secretion 43 CD4+ T-cell counts 677, 681 CDP 338, 495 celiac disease 101, 451, 454 cell adhesion 175 cell signaling 152 cell types in human milk 464 cellular metabolism 373 CER 46 chemokine 60, 465 chit 220, 227 chitotriosidase – See: chit CHL 751 chlordane – See: CHL chloride 94 chlorpromazine 541 cholera 227 cholesterol 323

– blood serum level 149 – hepatic 149 – requirement 152 – transport 152

cholesteryl esters 151 choline

– adequate intake 337, 342, 343 – in breastmilk for preterm infants 343 – supplementation 341 – transporter in mammary epithelium 346

chondroitin sulfate – See: CS chromatography-olfactometry

– with babies 730

chylomicrons 404 circadian variations in fat content 93 cisternae 43 citric acid cycle 643 CLD 45 CMP 495 coconut milk 641 cod liver oil 411 coeliac disease 75 coenzyme Q10 – See: CoQ10 Coleus amboinicus 636 collection methods 93 colon 306 colostral phase 89 colostrum 25, 65, 86, 92

– antioxidant capacity 607 – bovine 136 – DDT concentration 807 – fatty acids 221 – hexachlorobenzene 804 – hyperimmune 141, 231 – innate immune system 140 – lindane 804 – ochratoxin A 823 – tetrahydrobiopterin 508 – TGF-β 420, 423 – vitamin E 408

common endosome recycling – See: CER complementary feeding 75 congenital anomalies 195 congestion 204 copper 48 CoQ10 608 cow’s milk allergy 420 creamatocrit 202, 204 cretinism 380 Crohn’s disease 442 Cryptosporidium 141 CS 481

– in milk from a cancer affected breast 487

CYP 697 – in fetal liver 697

838 Handbook of dietary and nutritional aspects of human breast milk

Index

cytidine diphosphate – See: CDP cytidine monophosphate – See: CMP cytochrome P450 – See: CYP cytokine 69, 70, 138, 140, 230, 419, 421, 427,

449, 465 cytoplasmic lipid droplet – See: CLD

D DA inhibitor 557 DC 466 DC-SIGN 467, 469, 522

– blocking properties of breast milk 473 – pathogen binding 472

DC-specific ICAM-3 grabbing non-intergrin – See: DC-SIGN

DDT 749 – estimated daily intake 808 – half-life in human milk 803 – health effects 800 – in colostrum 807

dehydration 210 demand, infant ~ for milk 196 dendritic cell – See: DC dermatan sulfate – See: DS devalent metal transporter-1 – See: DMT1 DHA 321, 571

– in grey matter 573 – in red blood cells 573 – in retina 573

diabetes 577 diabetes mellitus 390 diabetic mothers 573 diarrhea 141, 227, 522 dicofol 750 dietary

– antigens 428 – habit index 762 – reference intakes – See: DRI

dIgA 47 dihydrobiopterin – See: BH2 dimer immunoglobulin A – See: dIgA dioxin 752, 761, 779

– accumulation in food chain 779

– and dietary habits 768 – and infant body measurements 794 – congener patterns 781 – daily intake by breastfed infants 771 – dietary intake 785 – effect on adrenal steroids 792 – effects on fetus and infant 762 – endocrine disruption 793 – exposure of Vietnamese nursing

mothers 780 – genotoxicity 790 – geographical information study 782 – in commercial baby food 770 – in milk from multiparae 781 – in milk from primiparae 781 – levels in breast milk 780, 785 – levels in food 780 – past exposure 787 – surface contour map 783

diseases in neonates 602 disialyllacto-N-tetraose – See: DSLNT DMT1 364 docosahexaenoic acid – See: DHA domperidone 540, 556, 557

– after caesarean section 559 – and breast milk composition 560 – and preterm infants 559 – contraindications 563 – dose 558, 563 – level in breast milk 562 – side effects 561

donor milk 573 dopamine 537

– antagonists 556 DRI 407 drug response 699 drugs

– poor metabolizer phenotype 700 – ultra-rapid metabolizer phenotype 700 – urinary metabolic ratio 699

DS 481 DSLNT 526 ductal

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– anatomy 196 – lumen 18 – morphogenesis 21 – tree 20

duct dilation 196

E ECM 22, 28, 170 EFA 570

– deficiency 576 EFABP 395 EGF 611 eicosanoids 41 eicosapentaenoic acid – See: EPA eicosatrienoic acid 575 electrolyte 94 ELISA 257, 602 embryogenesis 17 emulsifiers 323 endocrine disrupters 799 endocytic vesicles 47 endocytosis 48, 103 endoplasmic reticulum 41 endotoxins 324 energy density 93 engorgement 120 enterocytes 357, 440 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay – See: ELISA

EPA 574 epidermal