A Biodiversity ProjectA Biodiversity Project

Kiril KrendovSiyana PetrovaTeodora Zdravkova10/2

What is actually a fish? Hm…What is actually a fish? Hm…The Name• “Ichthyoid” – fish-like• Ichthyology = from the Greek ἰχθυ, (ikhthu, fish)

and λόγος (logos, reason), the study (scientific) of fish

What makes a fish really a fish? – Derived Characteristics

• Skin covered with scales.• Limbs modified into fins for swimming.• Gills for breathing.• *Bilateral symmetry

Fish Evolution: CladogramFish Evolution: CladogramCladogram• Closely related are the Amphibians.- Domain: Eukarya; - Kingdom: Animalia; - Phylum: Chordata

Human and fishes – common ancestor? • Only 12 chromosomes• Paleozoic era (about 450 million years ago)• Two lineages – to fish and mammals

http://reptilis.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2008/07/cladogram1.gif

Bony vs. CartilaginousBony vs. Cartilaginous

• Large marine organisms • Body is flat, disc shaped or spindle shaped • Body is covered with placoid scales • Skeleton is cartilaginous • Respiration is through gills • Heart is two chambered

•Ex. Rays and Sharks

http://www.tutorvista.com/content/science/science-i/diversity-living-organisms/phylum-chordata.php

• Found in lakes, rivers and seas • Spindle shaped body covered with cycloid or tenoid scales • Mouth is anterior • Skeleton is partly or completely bony • Gills are filamentous • Heart is two chambered

•Ex. Sea horse, lung fish, flying fish

Gases, Food/Waste ExchangeGases, Food/Waste ExchangeRespiration• Gas exchange due to gills.• Exchange of O2 and CO2 => process of respiration• Simple closed-circle circulatory system.

Food/Waste Exchange• Jaws • Plants and other organisms• Ammonia. • Some wastes - diffused through the gills, blood

wastes are filtered by the kidneys.

ReproductionReproduction Three ways of reproducing:• Ovopartity - undeveloped eggs &

external/internal fertilization• Ovoviviparity- internal development- without

direct maternal nourishment: advanced birth & larval birth

• Viviparity - internal development-direct nourishment from mother( fully advanced at birth)

Hermaphroditism:• Where density is low.• Some can alternate between sexes.• 21 families of fish!!!

MovementMovement

• H2O denser than air => more difficult to move.

BUT:• Skeleton- most complex of all vertebrates• Fins- directing thrust, supplying lift, brakes• Muscles – power, 80% of the body• Streamlined shape• Special slime excreted from the skin

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_DV8Vs5zZsU0/SGS3rDVwkRI/AAAAAAAABhI/tgB2RqF-w5c/s320/%D0%BF%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0.jpg

TroutTrout

http://211.67.160.206/jpkc/yuleixue/English/english.htm#FISH SEX- how fish reproducehttp://211.67.160.206/jpkc/yuleixue/English/english.htm#FISH SEX- how fish reproduce

Thermal “Strategies”Thermal “Strategies”

• In general, cold blooded. They derive their body heat from their environment and conform its temperature.

Two types of fish:• Ectothermic - derive heat from environment • Poikilothermic – conform to heat of

environment

• High temperature = increased speed

The Whale SharkThe Whale SharkClass Chondrichthyes Common Name: Whale

SharkLatin Name:

Rhincodon typus

• The largest fish on earth

• Filter feeders

• Habitat: tropical parts of the Atlantic, Indian and the Pacific ocean

• Life: 100 years

• Migrating animals

• Endangered species

• Reproduction: viviparous

The Clown FishThe Clown FishClass Osteichthyes (Bony Fish)Common Name: Clown FishLatin Name: Amphiprion percula

• Very small animal

• Habitat: lives near anemone plant

• Reproduction: by eggs + hermaphrodites

• Not an endangered species

The HagfishThe HagfishClass Agnatha Common Name: Hagfish Latin Name: Myxine glutinosa

• Most primitive fish • Habitat: muddy sea bottoms

• Food: dead fish + worms

• Partial hermaphrodites

• Not big interaction with humans

Is it a fish?

Human vs. Fish InteractionsHuman vs. Fish Interactions

• Human and animal food source• ‘Hunted’ in wild fisheries or in ‘farms’. • Caught and raised by fish keepers and

scientists, then exhibited in public aquaria. • Culture role through the ages:

– Deities– Religious symbols .

• Hindu, Jain, Buddhist and Christian traditions ( referring to feeding the multitude in the desert).

– Subjects of art and books.

Fun FactsFun Facts

• If you keep a goldfish in a dark room, it will eventually turn white.

• A shark can detect one part of blood in 100 million parts of water.

• The most poisonous fish in the world is the Stone fish.

• The largest known fish in the sea is the Whale Shark. It weighs up to 20 tons and grows to a length of 40 feet.

• In Texas it is illegal to have sex with a fish, in Florida it is illegal to get a fish drunk.

Works CitedWorks Cited• 1. Klappenbach, Laura. "Whale Shark - Rhincodon typus." About.com. About.com, a part of The New York Times

Company., n.d. Web. 21 Mar 2010. <http://animals.about.com/od/cartilaginousfishes/p/whaleshark.htm>.• 2. "Whale shark." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., 23 March 2010 . Web. 24 Mar 2010.

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whale_shark>. • 3. "WHALE SHARK." Enchanted Learning.com. EnchantedLearning.com , 2009. Web. 25 Mar 2010.

<http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/sharks/species/Whaleshark.shtml>. • 4. Gaut, Alex. "The Whale Shark." Marine Education Society of Australasia. MESA, n.d. Web. 21 Mar 2010.

<http://www.mesa.edu.au/seaweek2005/pdf/infosheet05.pdf>. • 5. "Whale Shark Question and Answer." Shark Research Institute. Shark Research Institute, n.d. Web. 25 Mar 2010.

<http://www.sharks.org/whale_shark/whalesharks_questions.htm#SIXTEEN>. • 6. Same Source like #3 http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/fish/printouts/Clownfishprintout.shtml• 7. "An Exploration of the Clownfish." Tree of Life Web Project. Havergal College, 2005. Web. 21 Mar 2010.

<http://tolweb.org/treehouses/?treehouse_id=3390>. • 8. Same Source like #2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_anatomy• 9. "Hagfish." Hagfish. Gulf of Main Research Institute, Gulf of Main Research Institute. Web. 21 Mar 2010.

<http://www.gma.org/fogm/myxine_glutinosa.htm>. • 10. "Hagfish." Science Encyclopedia. Net Industries and its Licensors , 2010. Web. 21 Mar 2010.

<http://science.jrank.org/pages/3185/Hagfish.html>. • 11. Same source like #2 dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagfish• 12. Buchheim, Jason. "FISH, a Quick Course on Ichthyology." Odyssey Expeditions - Tropical Marine Biology Voyages!

Web. 25 Mar. 2010. <http://www.marinebiology.org/fish.htm#How%20Fish%20Breath>.• 13. "Useless Fish Trivia and Fun Facts about Fish." Comedy Zone for Jokes, Funny Pictures, Cartoons and Stand Up

Comedians. Web. 25 Mar. 2010. <http://comedy-zone.net/triviazone/animals/page6.htm>.• 14. Cladogram. Digital image. Reptilis.net. Web.

<http://reptilis.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2008/07/cladogram1.gif>.• 15. "Our Fish Ancestors." Site Du Genoscope. Web. 25 Mar. 2010.

<http://www.cns.fr/externe/English/Actualites/Presse/201004_1.html>.• 16. "Dictionary of Ichthyology." Brian W. Coad - Personal Website. Web. 25 Mar. 2010.

<http://www.briancoad.com/Dictionary/I.htm>.