Factorial Typology - Linguistic Society of America · Extended CV Syllable Structure Typology...

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Factorial Typology Elementary Syllable Structure (Prince & Smolensky 1993, Ch. 6)

Transcript of Factorial Typology - Linguistic Society of America · Extended CV Syllable Structure Typology...

Page 1: Factorial Typology - Linguistic Society of America · Extended CV Syllable Structure Typology Onsets required not required ONSET, FILL Ons ≫ PARSE ONSET, PARSE ≫ FILLOns PARSE,

Factorial Typology

Elementary Syllable Structure (Prince & Smolensky 1993, Ch. 6)

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The Jakobson Typology

“There are languages lacking syllables with initial vowels and/or syllables with final consonants, but there are no languages devoid of syllables with initial consonants or syllables with final vowels.”

onsets

required not required

codas forbidden ΣCV Σ(C)V

allowed ΣCV(C) Σ(C)V(C)

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Constraints assumed

Faithfulness w  FILL

Empty syllabic positions are prohibited. (nuclei = ♡, margins = ♢)

w  PARSE Unsyllabified segments are prohibited. (e.g., ⟨C⟩, ⟨V⟩)

Markedness w  ONSET (“ONS” in PS93)

Vowel-initial (onsetless) syllables are prohibited: *[σV…

w  NO-CODA (“–COD”) Consonant-final (codaful?) syllables are prohibited: *…C]σ

Simplifying assumption: maximal syllable = CVC

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Permuted rankings

w  There are 4!=24 permutations of these constraints. Not all will yield distinct results, because not every pair of constraints is in conflict. A little a priori analysis of the interactions simplifies the task of exploring the factorial typology:

l  FILL conflicts with PARSE only if ONSET or NO-CODA dominates

one of them. Thus, there’s no detectable difference, with respect to just these constraints, between the following two rankings: w  FILL ≫ PARSE ≫ {ONSET, NO-CODA}

PARSE ≫ FILL ≫ {ONSET, NO-CODA}

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Permuted rankings

l  ONSET doesn’t ever come into conflict with NO-CODA. Thus, there’s no detectable difference, with respect to just these constraints, between the following pairs of rankings: w  ONSET ≫ NO-CODA ≫ FILL ≫ PARSE

NO-CODA ≫ ONSET ≫ FILL ≫ PARSE w  ONSET ≫ NO-CODA ≫ PARSE ≫ FILL

NO-CODA ≫ ONSET ≫ PARSE ≫ FILL

w  FILL ≫ ONSET ≫ NO-CODA ≫ PARSE

FILL ≫ NO-CODA ≫ ONSET ≫ PARSE

w  PARSE ≫ ONSET ≫ NO-CODA ≫ FILL

PARSE ≫ NO-CODA ≫ ONSET ≫ FILL

w  {FILL, PARSE} ≫ ONSET ≫ NO-CODA

{FILL, PARSE} ≫ NO-CODA ≫ ONSET

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Some Issues to Consider

w  Given these constraints … … can any language ever lack CV syllables entirely? … can any language ever require CVC syllables? … will any language ever syllabify /CVCV/ as [CVC.V]?

w  These constraints entail the following: a. No language that satisfies ONSET by deletion will satisfy NO-CODA by epenthesis. b. No language that satisfies ONSET by epenthesis will satisfy NO-CODA by deletion. c. No language that satisfies NO-CODA by deletion will satisfy ONSET by epenthesis. d. No language that satisfies NO-CODA by epenthesis will satisfy ONSET by deletion.

w  (Do you see why this is the case? Since these entailments are unlikely to be correct, how can the theory be amended to avoid them?)

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I. A Jakobsonian CV Language (with epenthesis)

Some characteristic derivations:

/pati/ ⟶ [pa.ti] faithful syllabification

/pai/ ⟶ [pa.♢i] onset epenthesis

/pakti/ ⟶ [pa.k♡.ti] nucleus epenthesis

Page 8: Factorial Typology - Linguistic Society of America · Extended CV Syllable Structure Typology Onsets required not required ONSET, FILL Ons ≫ PARSE ONSET, PARSE ≫ FILLOns PARSE,

ONSET ≫ FILL

Input: /pai/ ONSET FILL

a. ☞ [pa.♢i] *

b. [pa.i] * !

Page 9: Factorial Typology - Linguistic Society of America · Extended CV Syllable Structure Typology Onsets required not required ONSET, FILL Ons ≫ PARSE ONSET, PARSE ≫ FILLOns PARSE,

NO-CODA ≫ FILL

Input: /pakti/ NO-CODA FILL

a. ☞ [pa.k♡.ti] *

b. [pak.ti] * !

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PARSE ≫ FILL

Input: /pai/ PARSE FILL

a. ☞ [pa.♢i] *

b. [pa⟨i⟩] or [p⟨a⟩i]

* !

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PARSE ≫ FILL

Input: /pakti/ PARSE FILL

a. ☞ [pa.k♡.ti] *

b. [pa⟨k⟩.ti] or [pa.k⟨t⟩i]

* !

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ONSET, NO-CODA, PARSE ≫ FILL

Input: /pati/ ONSET NO-CODA PARSE FILL

a. ☞ [pa.ti]

b. [pa♢.ti] * ! *

c. [pa]⟨ti⟩ * ! *

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ONSET, NO-CODA, PARSE ≫ FILL

Input: /pai/ ONSET NO-CODA PARSE FILL

a. ☞ [pa.♢i] *

b. [pa.i] * !

c. [pa♢.♢i] * ! **

d. [pa⟨i⟩] * !

e. [p⟨a⟩i] * !

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ONSET, NO-CODA, PARSE ≫ FILL

Input: /pakti/ ONSET NO-CODA PARSE FILL

a. ☞ [pa.k♡.ti] *

b. [pak.ti] * !

c. [pa⟨k⟩.ti] * !

Page 15: Factorial Typology - Linguistic Society of America · Extended CV Syllable Structure Typology Onsets required not required ONSET, FILL Ons ≫ PARSE ONSET, PARSE ≫ FILLOns PARSE,

II. A Jakobsonian CV Language (with deletion)

Some characteristic derivations:

/pati/ ⟶ [pa.ti] faithful syllabification

/pai/ ⟶ [pa⟨i⟩] vowel deletion

/pakti/ ⟶ [pa⟨k⟩.ti] consonant deletion

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ONSET ≫ PARSE

Input: /pai/ ONSET PARSE

a. ☞ [pa⟨i⟩] *

b. [pa.i] * !

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NO-CODA ≫ PARSE

Input: /pakti/ NO-CODA PARSE

a. ☞ [pa⟨k⟩.ti] *

b. [pak.ti] * !

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FILL ≫ PARSE

Input: /pai/ FILL PARSE

a. ☞ [pa⟨i⟩] *

b. [pa.♢i] * !

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FILL ≫ PARSE

Input: /pakti/ FILL PARSE

a. ☞ [pa⟨k⟩.ti] *

b. [pa.k♡.ti] * !

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ONSET, NO-CODA, FILL ≫ PARSE

Input: /pati/ ONSET NO-CODA FILL PARSE

a. ☞ [pa.ti]

b. [pa♢.ti] * ! * !

c. [pa]⟨ti⟩ * ! *

Page 21: Factorial Typology - Linguistic Society of America · Extended CV Syllable Structure Typology Onsets required not required ONSET, FILL Ons ≫ PARSE ONSET, PARSE ≫ FILLOns PARSE,

ONSET, NO-CODA, FILL ≫ PARSE

Input: /pai/ ONSET NO-CODA FILL PARSE

a. ☞ [pa⟨i⟩] *

b. [pa.i] * !

c. [pa♢.♢i] * ! * ! *

d. [pa.♢i] * !

e. [p⟨a⟩i] * ?

Page 22: Factorial Typology - Linguistic Society of America · Extended CV Syllable Structure Typology Onsets required not required ONSET, FILL Ons ≫ PARSE ONSET, PARSE ≫ FILLOns PARSE,

ONSET, NO-CODA, FILL ≫ PARSE

Input: /pakti/ ONSET NO-CODA FILL PARSE

a. ☞ [pa⟨k⟩.ti] *

b. [pak.ti] * !

c. [pa.k♡.ti] * !

Page 23: Factorial Typology - Linguistic Society of America · Extended CV Syllable Structure Typology Onsets required not required ONSET, FILL Ons ≫ PARSE ONSET, PARSE ≫ FILLOns PARSE,

III. A Jakobsonian CV(C) Language (with epenthesis)

Some characteristic derivations:

/pati/ ⟶ [pa.ti] faithful syllabification

/pai/ ⟶ [pa.♢i] onset epenthesis

/pakti/ ⟶ [pak.ti] faithful syllabification

Page 24: Factorial Typology - Linguistic Society of America · Extended CV Syllable Structure Typology Onsets required not required ONSET, FILL Ons ≫ PARSE ONSET, PARSE ≫ FILLOns PARSE,

ONSET ≫ FILL

Input: /pai/ ONSET FILL

a. ☞ [pa.♢i] *

b. [pa.i] * !

Page 25: Factorial Typology - Linguistic Society of America · Extended CV Syllable Structure Typology Onsets required not required ONSET, FILL Ons ≫ PARSE ONSET, PARSE ≫ FILLOns PARSE,

PARSE ≫ FILL

Input: /pai/ PARSE FILL

a. ☞ [pa.♢i] *

b. [pa⟨i⟩] or [p⟨a⟩i]

* !

Page 26: Factorial Typology - Linguistic Society of America · Extended CV Syllable Structure Typology Onsets required not required ONSET, FILL Ons ≫ PARSE ONSET, PARSE ≫ FILLOns PARSE,

FILL ≫ NO-CODA

Input: /pakti/ FILL NO-CODA

a. ☞ [pak.ti] *

b. [pa.k♡.ti] * !

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PARSE ≫ NO-CODA

Input: /pakti/ PARSE NO-CODA

a. ☞ [pak.ti] *

b. [pa⟨k⟩.ti] or [pa.k⟨t⟩i]

* !

Page 28: Factorial Typology - Linguistic Society of America · Extended CV Syllable Structure Typology Onsets required not required ONSET, FILL Ons ≫ PARSE ONSET, PARSE ≫ FILLOns PARSE,

ONSET, PARSE ≫ FILL ≫ NO-CODA

Input: /pati/ ONSET PARSE FILL NO-CODA

a. ☞ [pa.ti]

b. [pa♢.ti] * ! *

c. [pa]⟨ti⟩ * ! *

Page 29: Factorial Typology - Linguistic Society of America · Extended CV Syllable Structure Typology Onsets required not required ONSET, FILL Ons ≫ PARSE ONSET, PARSE ≫ FILLOns PARSE,

ONSET, PARSE ≫ FILL ≫ NO-CODA

Input: /pai/ ONSET PARSE FILL NO-CODA

a. ☞ [pa.♢i] *

b. [pa.i] * !

c. [pa♢.♢i] * ! * *

d. [pa⟨i⟩] * !

e. [p⟨a⟩i] * !

Page 30: Factorial Typology - Linguistic Society of America · Extended CV Syllable Structure Typology Onsets required not required ONSET, FILL Ons ≫ PARSE ONSET, PARSE ≫ FILLOns PARSE,

ONSET, PARSE ≫ FILL ≫ NO-CODA

Input: /pakti/ ONSET PARSE FILL NO-CODA

a. ☞ [pak.ti] *

b. [pa.k♡.ti] * !

c. [pa⟨k⟩.ti] * !

Page 31: Factorial Typology - Linguistic Society of America · Extended CV Syllable Structure Typology Onsets required not required ONSET, FILL Ons ≫ PARSE ONSET, PARSE ≫ FILLOns PARSE,

IV. A Jakobsonian CV(C) Language (with deletion)

Some characteristic derivations:

/pati/ ⟶ [pa.ti] faithful syllabification

/pai/ ⟶ [pa⟨i⟩] vowel deletion

/pakti/ ⟶ [pak.ti] faithful syllabification

Page 32: Factorial Typology - Linguistic Society of America · Extended CV Syllable Structure Typology Onsets required not required ONSET, FILL Ons ≫ PARSE ONSET, PARSE ≫ FILLOns PARSE,

ONSET ≫ PARSE

Input: /pai/ ONSET PARSE

a. ☞ [pa⟨i⟩] *

b. [pa.i] * !

Page 33: Factorial Typology - Linguistic Society of America · Extended CV Syllable Structure Typology Onsets required not required ONSET, FILL Ons ≫ PARSE ONSET, PARSE ≫ FILLOns PARSE,

FILL ≫ PARSE

Input: /pai/ FILL PARSE

a. ☞ [pa⟨i⟩] *

b. [pa.♢i] * !

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PARSE ≫ NO-CODA

Input: /pakti/ PARSE NO-CODA

a. ☞ [pak.ti] *

b. [pa⟨k⟩.ti] or [pa.k⟨t⟩i]

* !

Page 35: Factorial Typology - Linguistic Society of America · Extended CV Syllable Structure Typology Onsets required not required ONSET, FILL Ons ≫ PARSE ONSET, PARSE ≫ FILLOns PARSE,

FILL ≫ NO-CODA

Input: /pakti/ FILL NO-CODA

a. ☞ [pak.ti] *

b. [pa.k♡.ti] * !

Page 36: Factorial Typology - Linguistic Society of America · Extended CV Syllable Structure Typology Onsets required not required ONSET, FILL Ons ≫ PARSE ONSET, PARSE ≫ FILLOns PARSE,

ONSET, FILL ≫ PARSE ≫ NO-CODA

Input: /pati/ ONSET FILL PARSE NO-CODA

a. ☞ [pa.ti]

b. [pa♢.ti] * ! * !

c. [pa]⟨ti⟩ * !

Page 37: Factorial Typology - Linguistic Society of America · Extended CV Syllable Structure Typology Onsets required not required ONSET, FILL Ons ≫ PARSE ONSET, PARSE ≫ FILLOns PARSE,

ONSET, FILL ≫ PARSE ≫ NO-CODA

Input: /pai/ ONSET FILL PARSE NO-CODA

a. ☞ [pa⟨i⟩] *

b. [pa.i] * !

c. [pa♢.♢i] * ! * *

d. [pa.♢i] * !

e. [p⟨a⟩i] * ?

Page 38: Factorial Typology - Linguistic Society of America · Extended CV Syllable Structure Typology Onsets required not required ONSET, FILL Ons ≫ PARSE ONSET, PARSE ≫ FILLOns PARSE,

ONSET, FILL ≫ PARSE ≫ NO-CODA

Input: /pakti/ ONSET FILL PARSE NO-CODA

a. ☞ [pak.ti] *

b. [pa⟨k⟩.ti] * !

c. [pa.k♡.ti] * !

Page 39: Factorial Typology - Linguistic Society of America · Extended CV Syllable Structure Typology Onsets required not required ONSET, FILL Ons ≫ PARSE ONSET, PARSE ≫ FILLOns PARSE,

V. A Jakobsonian (C)V Language (with epenthesis)

Some characteristic derivations:

/pati/ ⟶ [pa.ti] faithful syllabification

/pai/ ⟶ [pa.i] faithful syllabification

/pakti/ ⟶ [pa.k♡.ti] nucleus epenthesis

Page 40: Factorial Typology - Linguistic Society of America · Extended CV Syllable Structure Typology Onsets required not required ONSET, FILL Ons ≫ PARSE ONSET, PARSE ≫ FILLOns PARSE,

VI. A Jakobsonian (C)V Language (with deletion)

Some characteristic derivations:

/pati/ ⟶ [pa.ti] faithful syllabification

/pai/ ⟶ [pa.i] faithful syllabification

/pakti/ ⟶ [pa⟨k⟩.ti] consonant deletion

Page 41: Factorial Typology - Linguistic Society of America · Extended CV Syllable Structure Typology Onsets required not required ONSET, FILL Ons ≫ PARSE ONSET, PARSE ≫ FILLOns PARSE,

VII. A Jakobsonian (C)V(C) Language (fully faithful)

Some characteristic derivations:

/pati/ ⟶ [pa.ti] faithful syllabification

/pai/ ⟶ [pa.i] faithful syllabification

/pakti/ ⟶ [pak.ti] faithful syllabification

Page 42: Factorial Typology - Linguistic Society of America · Extended CV Syllable Structure Typology Onsets required not required ONSET, FILL Ons ≫ PARSE ONSET, PARSE ≫ FILLOns PARSE,

Extended CV Syllable Structure Typology

Onsets

required not required

ONSET, FILLOns ≫

PARSE

ONSET, PARSE ≫ FILLOns

PARSE, FILLOns ≫

ONSET

Codas

forbidden

NO-CODA, FILLNuc ≫

PARSE ΣCV

del,del ΣCV

ep,del Σ(C)V

del

NO-CODA, PARSE ≫ FILLNuc

ΣCVdel,ep

ΣCVep,ep

Σ(C)Vep

allowed PARSE,

FILLNuc ≫ NO-CODA

ΣCV(C)del

ΣCV(C)ep

Σ(C)V(C)


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Evidence for a Diverging Length Scale in Granular packings at the Onset of Unjamming Bulbul Chakraborty, Brandeis University, DMR 0905880 ρ Dry granular.

Evidence for a Diverging Length Scale in Granular packings at the Onset of Unjamming Bulbul Chakraborty, Brandeis University, DMR 0905880 ρ Dry granular.