Dr. G.C. Pagiatakis Associate Professor ([email protected] ... · source + converter (e.g....

1

“Optical Fibre Communications”

Dr. G.C. PagiatakisAssociate Professor

([email protected], [email protected])

School of Pedagogical & Technological Education (ASPETE)

Athens, Greece

March 2015

mailto:([email protected],

mailto:[email protected])

2

Telecommunications overviewTelecommunications overview

School of Pedagogical & Technological Education (ASPETE) Dept. of Electronics Eng. Educators / G. Pagiatakis

Telecom subject overview

Signals & information

Transmission techniques

Telecom links

Networks & services

Market issuesAudio & TV

Computer networks (data com)

Telephony, ISDN, mobile telephony

Wireless links (satellite)Wireless links (terrestrial)Fiber-optic links

MultiplexingModulationA/D conversion

Cable links

3

Telecommunications overviewTelecommunications overview


Landmarks in the development of telecommunications

Telegraphy (Morse, 1844)

Telephony (Bell, 1876)

Wireless communications (Marconi, 1901)

Audio and TV broadcasting (1920s – 1940s)

Digital communications (1930s, 1960s and beyond)

Computer networks – Internet (1960s)

Fibre-optic communications (Kao & Hockham,1966)

4

A fibre-optic linkA fibre-optic link


Analog signal

Digital (PCM) signal

Optical amplifier

Optical transmitter

Optical receiver

A/D

Regeneration & D/A

~ original analog signal

source + converter(e.g. voice+μ-phone

converter(e.g. loudspeaker)

voice

Fibre-optic link (schematic)

5

A fibre-optic link: Transmitters and receiversA fibre-optic link: Transmitters and receivers


Optical Transmitter

Optical Receiver

Optical ASK signal

photodiodeDecision and

signal processing

circuit

D/A

Electrical signal

Optical ASK signal

Electrical signal

Laser or

LED

6

Revision: Transmission techniquesRevision: Transmission techniques


g(t): digital (unipolar) signal

s(t): transmitted (ASK) signal s(t) = (1/U).m(t).c(t)s(t) = c(t) or = 0

c(t): carrier (not shown)c(t) = Accos(2πfct)

Amplitude (On-Off) Shift Keying (ASK or OOK)

7

63 x Ε1 signals

ADM-1 ADM-1

Main route(2 optical fibers)

Alternative route(2 optical fibers)

63 x Ε1 signals

Automatic switching

Revision: Transmission techniquesRevision: Transmission techniques


Level Signal rate –exact(Μb/s)

Signal rate –approximate

(Mb/s or Gb/s)

STM-1 Είτε 63 σήματα Ε1Είτε 3 σήματα Ε3 Είτε 1 σήμα Ε4

155,520 155 Mb/s

STM-4 4 x STM-1 622,080 622 Mb/s

STM-16 4 x STM-4 2448,320 2,5 Gb/s

STM-64 4 x STM-16 9953,280 10 Gb/s

STM-256 4 x STM-64 39813,120 40 Gb/s

Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)

8

Optical tranmsitter: A laser sourceOptical tranmsitter: A laser source


Optical Transmitters: A typical semiconductor laser (schematic)

[Keiser X., Fernando X]

9

Optical transmitter: A LED sourceOptical transmitter: A LED source


Optical transmitters: A typical semiconductor LED (schematic)


10

An optical receiverAn optical receiver


Photodiode and optical receiver (schematic)


11

Signal transmission through a fibre linkSignal transmission through a fibre link


Signal travelling through a fibre link (schematic)


12

The optical fibreThe optical fibre


Fibre types: Single mode (1 ray) – multimode (more rays)Single-mode fibres:

Small core (d < 10 μm)

Suitable for long-distance links (due to low dispersion)

Multimode fibres:

“Large” core (d = 50 or 62.5 μm)

Suitable for short-distance links (intra- and inter-building)

13

The optical fibreThe optical fibre


Core (glass)(d = 9 μm)

cladding (glass)(d = 120 μm)

Coating (plastic)

Core (glass or plastic)

(d = 50 or 62,5 μm)

cladding(glass or plastic)

(d = 120 μm)

Coating (plastic)

core

Fundamentalmode (HE11)

HE and EH modesTE and TM modes

core

The optical fibre

Single-modemulti-mode

Fundamentalmode (HE11)

14

Transmission properties of fibres: AttenuationTransmission properties of fibres: Attenuation


αf (dB/km)

10

1,0

0,1

800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 λ (nm)

Rayleigh limit

1st t

rans

mis

sion

win

dow

(aro

und

850

nm)

3rd tr

ansm

issi

on w

indo

w (a

roun

d 15

50 n

m)

2nd tr

ansm

issi

on w

indo

w (a

roun

d 13

10 n

m)

IR limit

Transmission properties of fibres: Attenuation coefficient

15

Transmission properties of fibres: Chromatic dispersionTransmission properties of fibres: Chromatic dispersion

School of Pedagogical & Technological Education (ASPETE) Dept. of Electronics Eng. Educators / G. pagiatakis

Dc (ps/nm.km)

1310 nm 1550 nm λo1200 nm

G.652 (standard fibre) G.653

(DS fibre)G.655 (NZ-DS fibre)

Transmission properties of fibres: Chromatic dispersion coefficient

τc = Dc.Δλ.L (Dc in ps/nm.km, Δλ in nm, L in km)

R 0.25/τc (R in b/s)

16

Transmission properties of fibres: Chromatic dispersionTransmission properties of fibres: Chromatic dispersion


Transmission properties of fibres: The effect of dispersion

[G. Keiser, Optical Fibre Communications, Mc Graw-Hill]

17

Fibre-Optics: State of the artFibre-Optics: State of the art


-Digital signals, rates, usually, up to 10 Gbit/s-2nd or 3rd window (1310 or 1550 nm)-Single-mode fibres, type G.652 or G.655 (attenuation 0.4dB/km@1310nm - 0.2dB/km@1550nm)-Use of lasers (rather than LEDs)-Use of external OOK modulation-Use of EDFAs for optical amplification-Use of WDM technology (mainly in the trunk network)-Fibres in the access networks (FTTH or VDSL solutions)

Long-haul fibre links

-Digital signals (Gbit Ethernet)-2nd or 3rd window (1310 or 1550 nm)-Multi-mode fibres (cheaper, easier to handle)-Use of LEDs (cheaper)-Use of direct OOK modulation

Short-haul fibre links (intra- or inter-building)

18

Fibre cablesFibre cables


Fibre fabrication

1500o

Glass prototype (d~2cm, L~1m)

Wrapping of fibre (fibre length ~ 2km)

[Vassilopoulos, Pagiatakis] Advanced infrastructures and services (vol 1), OTE 2001 (in greek)]

19



Fibre-optic cables

20



Αποσχιστήριο νήμα

Στοιχείο Μηχανικής Ενίσχυσης

Οπλισμός (μεταλλικός ή αραμίδης)

Μανδύας πολυαιθυλενίου

Σωλήνας χαλαρής δομής

Γέλη

Οπτική ίνα

coating

Fibers (12 per tube – specific colour code)

Jell (to fill the gaps)

Tube (contains 12 fibers)

Strengthening element

Fiber(inside tube)

Colour Fiber(inside tube)

Colour

1 red 7 grey2 green 8 turqoise3 yellow 99 white4 colourless 10 pink5 brown 11 orange6 purple 12 blue


Fibre-optic cables (loose-tube)

21



Fibre-optic cables

Terrestrial cables Submarine cables (usually < 12 fibres)


22

Cable deployment

Fibre submarine cablesFibre submarine cables


23

Fibre submarine cablesFibre submarine cables


Cable repair

24

Fibre-cable measurementsFibre-cable measurements


Optical-Time-Domain Reflectometer (OTDR)

25

Fibre-cable measurementsFibre-cable measurements


Optical-Time-Domain Reflectometer (OTDR): A typical display

26

Fibre interconnectionFibre interconnection


Fibre connectors (temporar interconnection)


27



Fibre connectors (temporar interconnection)


28



Fibre splicing (permanent interconnection)Microscope view of fibre splicing

Fibre splicer

Splicing tubes


29

Fibre cables


School of Pedagogical & Technological Education (ASPETE) Dept. of Electronics Eng. Educators G. Pagiatakis

Fibres are one-to-one spliced

Fibre organiser

Fibre organisers

Entrance / exit of optical cablesInterconnection set for underground

optical cables

Permanent interconnection of fibres through splicing

[G. Pagiatakis, Fibre-optic Comms, Tziolas 2003 (in greek)]

30




Fibre organisers


31

Fibre InterconnectionFibre Interconnection


Permanent interconnection of fibres through splicingFibre organisers inside

interconnection sets


32




Interconnection set for underground optical cables

cable input/output


33



Optical Distribution Frame (ODF)


Πλαίσιο διασύνδεσης

Πλαίσιο διασύνδεσης

Ενεργός Εξοπλισμός

Σύνδεσμοι

Κορδόνι Διασύνδεσης

Καλωδιο-ουρά

Συνένωση

Οργανωτήρας

Ίνα τεματιζόμενου καλωδίου

Ενεργός Εξοπλισμός Σύνδεσμοι

Κορδόνι Διασύνδεσης

Ίνα τερματισμένη σε σύνδεσμο

Ίνα τεματιζόμενου . καλωδίου (σφικτής δομής)

Active equipment

connectors

Interconnection frame

fiber cable

outer jumper

inner jumper

34



Optical Distribution Frame (ODF)


Interconnection frames:Fibers of the (outer) optical cables are interconneted to

the inner fibres (jumpers) that are, in turn, interconnected to

the active equipment

Storage space for the inner fibers

(jumpers)

Entrance of the incoming fiber cable:

Fibers are separated and routed to the interconnection frames

above.

Active equipment

outer jumper

35



TV signal(from a camera)

Event site (e.g. a football stadium)

Optical termination box

Core optical cablesOptical

jumpers

Optical Tx

Access optical cables

Optical distribution frame (ODF) at the local exchange “A”

Optical termination box

Receiving site (e.g. the TV station)

Optical distribution frame (ODF) at the local exchange “B”

TV signal(to master control)

Optical Rx

Example of a fibre-link (end-to-end)

[G. Pagiatakis, Fibre-optic Comms, Tziolas 2003 (in greek)]

36

WDMWDM


demuxmux

m1(t)

λΝ

λ1λ1 + λ2 + … λΝλ1

λN

Transmitter

Τ1

TΝ

λο

……………… ……

R1

RΝλο

Receiver

mN(t)

Each TDM/SDH (2,5 or 10 Gb/s) signal is assigned a specific wavelength

Performance: 128 wavelengths x 10 Gb/s > 1 Tb/s

Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) block diagram

37

Transponder

IRELLI

T31

RESET

SFTY

FAULT

IRELLITXT/EM

500

OUT

IN

• Input Parameters Wavelength 1275 to 1575 nm Power -5 to +2 dBm Input bit rate 0.565 to 2.5 Gb/s

• Output Parameters Wavelength

• TXT/EM-350 1534.5 - 1535. nm• TXT/EM-390 1538.5 - 1539.5 nm• TXT/EM-430 1542.5 - 1543.5 nm• TXT/EM-462 1545.7 - 1546.7 nm• TXT/EM-500 1549.5 - 1550.5 nm• TXT/EM-534 1552.9 - 1553.9 nm• TXT/EM-575 1556.5 - 1557.5 nm• TXT/EM-605 1560 - 1561 nm

Power -5,5 to -3,5 dBm, except:• TXT EM390 -0 to 2 dBm• TXT EM605 -1,5 to 0,5 dBm

[Pirelli, T31 WDM system seminar, 1998]

WDMWDM


38

Wavelength multiplexer (8-λ)

OUTOptical Output

Optical Input 1535 nm


Optical Input 1543nm

Optical Input 1546.2 nm





WDMWDM



39

D/TH/T31/023

Wavelength multiplexer (8-λ)

• Passive Power Combiner• Inputs

– 1 to 8 Channels• Output

– Composite Power

IRELLI

T31

IRELLI8WM/B

IN350

IN390

IN482

IN534

IN430

IN500

IN570

OUT

IN605

WDMWDM



40

D/TH/T31/023

Transceiver (8-λ)

WDMWDM


2. Wavelength-multiplexer card:ΙΝ (ΙΝput) interfaces are interconnected (by menas of jumpers) to the transponders’outputs. The abc digits indicate the wavelengths in the sense that abc λ=15ab,cnm (e.g. abc=350 λ=1535,0 nm). The (OUT) OUTput interface provides theaggregate (multiplexed) signal to be interconnected to the amplifier’s input.

IRELLIT31

REME

REMW

INTCH1

WCH1EALM

CEN1

CEN2

OPIN

PIRELLI

RM

F

VF

CH3ECH3W

Q

SFTYFAULT

IRELLIT31

+5V+15V-5V-15VBAT1BAT2

FAULTPOWER

ON

OFF

IRELLIPDC/

B

IRELLIT31

IRELLI

TSP/B

IEEE 802.3

PROGMONFAULT

PROGRESET

IRELLIT31

IRELLI

IOC/B

FAULTLED TEST

MEM

DC FAILB MINORB MAJOR

IRELLIT31

IRELLIT31

IRELLI

4WM/B

IN350

IN430

IN500

IN575OUT

IRELLIT31

IRELLI

4WS/B1

OUT350OUT430OUT500OUT575

ΙΝ

IRELLIT31

IRELLI

RPA/EMW

OUT1300

MON

OUT

IN

IRELLIT31

SFTYFAULT

IRELLI

TPA/EMW

IN1300

MON

OUT

IN

IRELLIT31

LINEFAULTFAULT

IRELLI

LSM/BMW

OUT

IN3 3

IRELLIT31

+5V+15V-5V-15VBAT1BAT2

FAULTPOWER

ON

OFF

IRELLIPDC/

B

1. Transponder card:The INput wavelength (IN interface) can be anything in the1260–1600 nm range, however the OUTput one (OUTinterface) is standarized (e.g. 1535,0 nm). The transponderoutput is interconnected (by means of a jumper) to themultiplex input. This specific subrack can house up to 4transponders.

5. Wavelength-demultiplexer card:The aggregate (multiplexed) optical signal is received at the IN (input) interface while the interfaceslabelled as OUT (OUTput) are the ones that provide the de-multiplexed optical signals. The abcdigits indicate the wavelengths in the sense that abc λ=15ab,c nm (e.g abc=350 λ=1535,0 nm).

3. Optical power amplifier at the transmitter’s side:The INput (ΙΝ) of the amplifier is interconnected to the outputof the wavelength mux and its OUTput (OUT) provides theamplified aggregate signal to be transmitted. An additionaloptical signal (λ~1300 nm) is multiplexed (IN1300 interface) tobe used for the monitoring of the WDM link.

4. Optical pre-amplifier at the receiver’s side:The IN (INput) interface receives the optical aggregate (multiplexed) signal from the opposite side. The signal is optically amplified and appears at the OUT (OUTput)interface and it is, subsequently, iterconnected to the demultiplexer input in order to be de-multiplexed. The additional 1300 nm optical signal (used for monitoring) is alsodemultiplexed at the OUT1300 interface.

~ 600 mm

~ 500 mm


41

WDMWDM


Power budgeting:

Transmitted power PT (dBm): Typical value from -3 to +5 dBmReceiver sensitivity: PRmin (dBm): Typical value -30 dBmMargin: M (dB) = PT (dBm) – PRmin (dBm)Cable attenuation coefficient aF (dB/km): Typical value 0.2 to 0.4 dB/kmLosses due to cable (including splicing): AF (dB) = aF.L (L in km)Losses due to connection with ODF and equipment: AODF(dB) (about 1 dB)Additional (to allow for damages, ageing etc.): AADD (dB) (from 4 to 10 dB)

It must be AF + ACON + AADD < M

(otherwise optical amplifiers have to be installed)

42

Optical access networksOptical access networks


A passive optical access network (PON) – use of splitters

ONU

ONU

ONUOLTE

OLTE

OLTE

OLTOLTE

ONU

OLTE

ONUOLTE

splitter

OLTE

splitterOLTE

43



An active optical access network (AON) – use of SDH equipment

ONU

ONU

ONU

OLTSTM-1 ring

ADM-1

ADM1

ADM-1

ADM1

Local switch

data node

44



Optical access networks (PONs or AONs): FTTH/FTTB/FTTP topology

ONU

ONU

ONU

OLT

Local switch

H = Home, B = Building, P = Premises

data node

Transport network

(passive or active)

Indoor ONUs

45



A passive optical access network (PON): FTTC topologyC = Curb (outdoor distribution frame)

ONU

ONU

ONU

OLT

Local switch

Outdoor ONUs

data node

Transport network (passive)

46



A hybrid VDSL networkDSLAMs are installed in (upgraded) outdoor ONUs

VDSL download rate: ~50 Mb/s

DSLAM

DSLAM

DSLAM

OLT

Local switch

data node

Transport network (passive)

47



ONU

STM-1/4

E1 mux

LC

LC

LC

ADM-1/4

DSL modemX NxE1 or E3

DSLA

M

E1

A hybrid VDSL network (the outdoor ONU)

48



ONU

DSL modemX NxE1 or E3

DSLA

M

E1

A hybrid VDSL network (the outdoor ONU)

49



Management interfaces

OLT

ADM-1

DXC

# LEX

To data network

STM-1

x

LC

E1 ( 2 Mb/s)

User interface

E1 ( 2Mb/s)

ONU

ADM-1

LC

x

An active optical access network (AON): Details

50



DDF DDF

Narrowband multiplexer (line cards and

E1 multiplexing unit)

ADM-1 (for AONs)or OLTE (for PONs)



Supervision unit MDF



Power-supply unit



Batteries

Indoor ONU: typical structure

51



~ 1.50 m

optical Tx/Rx Power supply

Subscriber copper-pair entranceE1 mux/demux (interconnected to the optical Tx/Rx

Weight ~ 90 kg

(without batteries)

Outdoor ONU ~ 240 POTS

[Siemens, OTE]

52



96

60

36

12

ONU 1

ONU 22

ONU 3

ONU 4Local exchange Local exchange

centercenter

Ring 1

Ring 2

Ring 3

Ring 4

ONU

Trunk fiber cableAccess 12-fiber cable

96

A schematic plan of an active optical access network. The red line shows the trunk fiber cable while the pink one, the 12-fiber access cables that interconnect the ONUs to the trunk cable. Rings are formed by allocating specific fibers of the trunk cable to specific ONU groups. All rings are terminated at the OLT of the local exchange center.


53



Subscriber cable (up to 12 fibers)4 fibers are connected to 2 fibers of the

core cable

Patchcords (2 pairs)

Working path

STM-1/4 optical ring

ΟDF

ADM-1/4

Protection path

to OLT

Fiber pair reserved for future use

Interconnection of an ONU to the core fibre cable (AON case)

54



Management interfaces

ADM-1/4 (for AONs)orOLTE (for PONs)


Cross-connect



Cross-connect



Cross-connect



Cross-connect

OLT: typical structure

55

Use of fibre links for TV broadcastingUse of fibre links for TV broadcasting


TV Broadcasting: Preliminaries

PAL signal: black & white (Y) + red chrominance (CR=R-Y) + blue chrominance (CB=B-Y)

Bandwidth: Y (~5.5 MHz), CR (~2 MHz), CB (~2 MHz)

Digitized PAL signal SDI (Serial Digital Interface) signal

Sampling rate: Y (13.5 MHz) + CR (6.75 MHz) + CB (6.75 MHz)

Quantization: 1024 = 210 levels

Bit-rate (SDI): R = (13.5+6.75+6.75)10610 = 270 Mb/s

SDI signal can be transmitted

• either uncompressed (270 Mb/s)

• or compressed (MPEG-2/4 format, usually 2-10 Mb/s)

56



TV Broadcasting: PreliminariesSDI signal can be transmitted either uncompressed (270 Mb/s) or compressed (MPEG-2/4, usually 2-10 Mb/s)

Uncompressed transmission over fiber is preferred for distances <100 km(cheap codecs) Compression is preferable for larger distances and necessary for satellite transmission

(to save bandwidth)

Optical TxPAL or SDI signal

(from a camera)Optical Rx

PAL or SDI signal(to master control)

< 100 km

PAL or SDI signal(from a camera)

PAL or SDI signal(to master control)

> 100 km

MPEG Tx telecom network MPEG Rx

57



TV Broadcasting: A simplified local TV connection

TV signal(to master control)

TV signal(from a camera)

Event site(e.g. a football stadium) Optical termination box

(a small ODF)

Core optical cablesOptical

jumpers

Optical Tx

ODF

Optical Rx

Access optical cables

ODF

Optical distribution frame (ODF) at the local exchange “A”

Optical termination box(a small ODF)Receiving site

(the TV company)

Optical distribution frame (ODF)at the local exchange “B”

Telecom network

58



TV Broadcasting (a typical scheme)

Telecom network

event

TV company

broadcasting point

59



TV Broadcasting (a typical scheme)

event site 2

TV Company 1

broadcasting points

Contribution (Cx)

Distribution (Dx) - national

Optical Tx Optical Rx

Cross-connect

X




event site 1Optical Tx Optical Rx

Telecom Company (broadcasting centre)

TV Company 3

telecom

network

Distribution (Dx) – intern’lto SES

60



From cameras

From commentators

SDH to IBC TER

TOC(TV

codecs)

TER(ADMs)

CCR(Audiocodecs)

To IBC/CDT(directly)

SDI (270 Mb/s)

2 Mbit/s (<120 m)

venue

TV & audio coverage of a large-scale event (contribution -Cx- part)TOC(Technical Operations Centre)CCR(Commentary & Com Room)TER(Telecom Room)IBC(Inten’l Broadcasting Centre

SDI(The digitized TV signal)

61



IBC

optical distribution framevideo distribution frame

Event site (e.g. football stadium)

optical distribution framevideo distribution frame

ODF

ODF

VDF

VDF

encoder decoderTV

company

TV coverage of large-scale events (contribution -Cx- part)

62



Broadcasting Company

Telecom company

Broadcasting Company

SDI

TV encoder

SDI

TV encoder

TV decoder

TV decoder

SDI / PAL

Primary (Optical) Route

Protect (Optical) Route

SDI

Venue TOC IBC (CDT)

TV decoder

TV encoder

Return (Optical) Path

SDI

Venue TOC IBC (CDT)

SDI

SDI

ODF ODF

TV encoder

TV decoder

SDI

Primary (Optical) Route

SDI

Venue TOC IBC (CDT)

ODF ODF

TV-coverage of large-scale events (contribution -Cx- part)

63



4x2 V5.2 Τερψιθέα 1x2 PRA Τερψιθέα 2x2 SEMA PDC4x2 Σχόλια IBC2x2 Cosmote Τερψιθέα 1x2 ΜΚ –Ακρόπολη 1x2 ADMIN –ΑΘΗΝΑ 20042x2 ΕΦΕΔΡΙΚΑ

Local Exchange B4x2 V5.2 (τοπικά) 1x2 PRA (τοπικά) 2x2 SEMA IBC2x2 ΑΤΜ ΝΥΜΑ-M.DSLAM Αγ.Κοσμάς 4x2 Σχόλια IBC2x2 Cosmote Τερψιθέα 2x2 ΕΦΕΔΡΙΚΑ 12x2 V5.2 (τοπικά)

3x2 PRA (τοπικά) 9x2 SEMA IBC10x2 Σχόλια IBC6x2 Cosmote Τερψιθέα 2x2 M. DSLAM Σλαλομ2x2 M. DSLAM ΧΟΚΕΥ 16x2 ΜΚ – Ακρόπολη(Baseball 1-Χόκευ 1-Σλάλομ) 4x2 ΕΦΕΔΡΙΚΑ

8x2 V5.2 (τοπικά) 6x2 Σχόλια IBC2x2 PRA (τοπικά) 6x2 SEMA IBC 4x2 Cosmote Τερψιθέα 2x2 ΜΚ – Ακρόπολη(Κλ. Γυμν. 1&2)5x2 ΕΦΕΔΡΙΚΑ

(*) Διασύνδεσητων κυκλωμάτων Μ.DSLAM στην

OLT του Κλειστού Γυμναστηρίου 1&2για διασύνδεσή τους

στο DSLAM

8x2 V5.2 (τοπικά)1x2 PRA 2x2 SEMA IBC4x2 Σχόλια IBC 3x2 Cosmote Τερψιθέα 2x2 ΜΚ – Ακρόπολη(Softball) 6x2 ΕΦΕΔΡΙΚΑ2x2 M. DSLAM ΧΟΚΕΥ 2 2x2 M. DSLAM Softball

(*)

(*)

(*)

4x2 V5.2 (τοπικά) 1x2 PRA (τοπικά) 2x2 SEMA PDC 4x2 Σχόλια IBC 2x2 Cosmote (τοπικά) 1x2 ΜΚ – Ακρόπολη –Αγ. Κοσμά 1x2 ADMIN – ΑΘΗΝΑ 20042x2 ΕΦΕΔΡΙΚΑ

Local Exchange A

ONU(B)

ONU(A)

POTSISDN-BRAISDN-PRADataDSLAM

OLT

OLT (A)

ONU(A)

ONU(B)

OLT (A)

OLT (B)

Venue fibre-interconnection: Plan

64



Local Exchange A

Local Exchange B

Venue fibre-interconnection

trunk fibre cable

access fibre cables

fibre interconnection boxes

65



UTP or coaxial cable <150m

Venue fibre-interconnection: details

TER

TOC

ODF ODF

ONU ONU

ODF ODF

CCRCER

MD

F

MD

F

MD

F

MD

F

UTP or coaxial cable <150m

to LOCAL EXCHANGE Bto LOCAL EXCHANGE A

FIBRE CABLE

MANHOLE

<150m

MANHOLE MANHOLE

MANHOLE

FIBRE CABLE

66School of Pedagogical & Technological Education (ASPETE) Dept. of Electronics Eng. Educators / G. Pagiatakis

ReferencesSome pictures and photos have been extracted from the following sources:

Fernando X., Sources for Optical Communications, Optical Receivers: (presentation), Ryerson University/ECE Dept

Haykin S., Communication Systems (4th edition), J. Wiley & Sons 2001

Keiser G., Optical Fibre Communications, Mc Graw-Hill

Pagiatakis G., Fibre-optic telecommunications, Tziolas 2003 (in greek)

OTE / Planning Dept, Olympic network, 2004

Pirelli, T31 WDM system seminar, 1998

Vassilopoulos C., Pagiatakis G., Advanced infrastructures and services, Vol 1, Hellenic Telecoms (OTE), 2001 (in greek)

Wikipedia, Submarine Cables

67

Thank you!

Dr. G.C. Pagiatakis Associate Professor ([email protected] ... · source + converter (e.g....

Documents

Transcript of Dr. G.C. Pagiatakis Associate Professor ([email protected] ... · source + converter (e.g....