CMarZ activities in SW Indian Ocean

Hans M Verheye – MCM, DEAT

CMarZ SG Meeting, ORI Tokyo, 6-8 Nov. 2006

Funded cooperating project A.12.“Environmental Monitoring and Pelagic Fish Stock Assessment Surveys inSouth Africa” Zooplankton collections along ± entire

SA coast during 2 annual pelagic fish stock assessment surveys since 1984Vertical Bongo, 200μm, 0-200m

Usu. formalin preservation;occasionallyalso EtOH (CMarZ)

Routine taxonomic analysis is currently maintained, but…

taxonomic resolution of Benguela Current zooplankton communitynot adequate, i.e. too coarse+ must provide for replacement ofageing/vanishing ‘parataxonomists’

16° 18° 20° 22° 24° 26° 28°36°

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C a p e T o w n

C a p e C o lu m b in e

D o rin g B a y

H o n d e k lip B a y

O ra n g e R iv e r M o u th

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C a p e T o w n

C a p e C o lu m b in e

D o rin g B a y

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O ra n g e R iv e r M o u th

16° 17° 18° 19° 20° 21° 22° 23° 24° 25° 26° 27° 28°38°

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N ovem ber 2002S paw ner B iom ass S urveyA FR 171

H ondeklip Bay

D oring Bay

Lam bert's Bay

C olum bine

C ape Tow n

Agulhas

M ossel BayPort E lizabeth

Port A lfred

Annual Pel. Spawner Biomass Surveys (November)

Annual Pel. RecruitBiomass Surveys (May/June)

Benguela Current LME

Need for improvement of taxonomic resolution of Benguela Current zooplankton community (west coast, SE Atlantic)

► ‘Regional ZooplanktonTaxonomy and Species Identification Training Course’Swakopmund, NamibiaJanuary 8-19, 2007

Dr Janet Grieve, NZ- 5 Angolans- 5 Namibians- 5 South Africans

Funded by:- AP Sloan Foundation (CMarZ)- BCLME- BENEFIT- INIP, NatMIRC, MCM

Shift in the distribution of sardine as seen during annual pelagic fish biomass surveys, summer 1984-2004 (the coast has been linearized).

Eastward shift fromca. 2000 onward

0

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A B C D E

1984

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% of to ta l

STR ATU M

YE

AR

1 4 1 6 1 8 2 0 2 2 2 4 2 6 2 8

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3 4

3 2

3 0

2 8

P o rt N o llo th

H o n d ek lip b aa i

L am b ert's B ay

S a ld an h a B ay

C ap e T o w n

1 0 0 m2 0 0 m

5 0 0 m1 0 0 0 m

M o sse l B ayP o rt E lizab e th

E as t L o n d o n

W est coast

Southwestcoast

W ABCAB

EAB

SOUTH AFRICA

P o rt A lfred

S t H e len a B a y

C a p e P o in t

Shifts in the distribution of sardine eggs as seen during pelagic spawner biomass surveys, 1984-2004.

Stratum A = West coastStratum B = Southwest coastStratum C = Western Agulhas Bank (WAB)Stratum D = Central Agulhas Bank (CAB)Stratum E = Eastern Agulhas Bank (EAB)

Funded cooperating project A.12.“Environmental Monitoring and Pelagic Fish Stock Assessment Surveys inSouth Africa”

Zooplankton collections along ± entire SA coast during 2 annual pelagic fish stock assessment surveys since 1984(+ongoing)

South Coast:

Recent eastward shift of samplingarea, driven by shift of pelagic fishoutside “traditional” BenguelaCurrent waters, into Agulhas Currentinfluenced waters unfamiliar zooplankton community to be analysed

Need for additional training in species ID of SW Indian Ocean zooplankton

16° 18° 20° 22° 24° 26° 28°36°

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C a p e T o w n

C a p e C o lu m b in e

D o rin g B a y

H o n d e k lip B a y

O ran g e R iv e r M o u th

C ape A

gu lhas

C ape I

n fan ta

Moss

e l B ay

P lette

nbe rg B

ay

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abe th

P o rt A

lfred

C ape S

t. F ra

nc is

16° 18° 20° 22° 24° 26° 28°36°

34°

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C a p e T o w n

C a p e C o lu m b in e

D o rin g B a y

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O ran g e R iv e r M o u th

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N ovem ber 2002Spaw ner B iom ass S urveyAFR 171

Hondeklip Bay

Doring Bay

Lam bert's Bay

Colum bine

Cape Town

Agulhas

M ossel BayPort E lizabeth

Port A lfred

Annual Spawner Biomass Surveys (November)

Annual RecruitBiomass Surveys (May/June)

E-wardshift

Coelacanths are found along

East African coast, Comoros

and Madagascar

Funded cooperating project A.13.“African Coelacanth Ecosystem Programme – ACEP”

Environmental Monitoring Sites (currents/Temperature)

March 2002 - present

Environmental + Plankton sampling

FRS Algoa

Hj

Hbhn

APRIL-MAY 2003

JULY-AUGUST 2002

JULY-AUGUST 2003

Oblique Bongo sampling: 300 μm – frozen (isotope studies) 500 μm – preserved in formalin (primarily ichthyoplankton)

Locations of deep (0-800m) vertical bongo hauls

C. carinatus found in deep water (200-800m)

32 34 36 38 40 42 44-30

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Coelacanth Cruise (ALG130) CTD Stations

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C. carinatus found in standard depth(0-200m) vertical bongo samples

AUG.-SEPT.2004

Vertical Bongo sampling: - 64 samples (46 in Delagoa Bight, 8 off Tanzania, 4 off Comoros Isles, 6 across Moçambique channel) - 200 μm – all preserved in formalin - all samples analysed - 12 deep (0-800 m) samples to check for Calanoides carinatus ? and for CMarZ purposes – EtOH preserved

Delagoa Bight –

Maputaland

April 2005

Transkei

May 2005

APRIL-MAY 2005

Vertical Bongo sampling: 51 samples - 200 μm – preserved in formalin - all samples analysed - 3 deep (0-800 m) samples to check for Calanoides carinatus ? and for CMarZ purposes – EtOH preserved

No zooplanktonsamples

APRIL-MAY 2006

AUG.-SEPT. 2006

SEPTEMBER 2005

Vertical Bongo sampling: - 200 μm – preserved in formalin - some 100 μm – in EtOH - samples being analysed - some 0-800 m samples to check for Calanoides carinatus ? - several preserved in EtOH for CMarZ purposes

2/8 ACEP cruises analysed thus far:

- High diversity, low abundances;- uncertainty w.r.t. species ID common;- help from Kenyan zooplanktologist (Mr James Mwandawiro Mwaluma, Kenya Marine & Fisheries Research Institute, Monbasa);- especial difficulties: spp. of Eu-/Subeu-/Pareu-calanus. and Acro-/Calo-/Clauso-/Ischno-/Para-calanus;

PLAN:

joint Indian Ocean ZooplanktonIdentification Training Coursewith other Indian Ocean Zooplanktologists

Funding:- AP Sloan (CMarZ)?- ASCLME ?- Various national Govt Institutions?

“MADEX” RRS Discovery

Feb. 2005

Original cruise plan (Phys./Chem. Oceanography)

Actual cruise track

EtOH-genetics

Cruise-of-opportunity for:

- zooplankton collections in little-researched area

- elucidation of distribution range of Calanoides carinatus ?

- training (Sakhile Tsotsobe)

21 MadEx samples analysed:

- high diversity;- uncertain ID of numerous species;- assistance from PhD student who worked in Tasmania, Australia helpful but not sufficient

► need for ‘Indian Ocean Zooplankton Identification Training Course’ re-emphasized

- one species “looked like Calanoides carinatus, but not certain as to its true identity”

Cal SAfrica71 1490

Cal Spain92 1490

CAL Spain52 1490

Cal Spain62 1490

Cal Spain41 1490

Cal Spain42 1490

Cal SAfrica 72

Cal SAfrica 11

Cal Spain91 1490

Cal SAfrica 132

Cal SAfrica 12

Cal SAfrica 32 1490

Cal SAfrica 131

Cal Spain61 1490

Cal SAfrica 31

Cal SAfrica 81 1490

Ccarin EH01 04 JS611

CAL CF1.4

Ccarin Brazil JS603

Ccarin Brazil JS613

Ccarin Brazil JS612

Ccarin EH01 04 KS635

Ccarin EH01 04 KS634

Ccarin EPEA JS376

CAL CF1.3

Ccarin Brazil JS614

Ccarin Brazil JS604

Ccarin EH01 04 KS636

Ccarin EPEA JS377

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45

75

4

32

5

10

20

31

35

99

46

44

0.000.020.040.060.080.10

Calanoides carinatus ZooGene project – mtCOI analysis UPGMAAnn Bucklin (UConn)

24 Sep 2006

Clade 1: Spain Angola Namibia S. Africa

Clade 2: Argentina Brazil (incl. specimens from type locality)

Cal SAfrica 11

Cal SAfrica 72

CAL Spain52 1490

Cal SAfrica71 1490

Cal Spain62 1490

Cal SAfrica 132

Cal Spain42 1490

Cal Spain41 1490

Cal SAfrica 32 1490

Cal SAfrica 12

Cal SAfrica 81 1490

Cal Spain61 1490

Cal SAfrica 131

Cal SAfrica 31

Cal Spain51 1490

Cal SAfrica 82

Ccarin Brazil JS603

Ccarin Brazil JS613

Ccarin EH01 04 JS611

Ccarin Brazil JS612

Ccarin EH01 04 KS636

Ccarin Brazil JS604

Ccarin EH01 04 KS635

Ccarin EH01 04 KS634

Ccarin EPEA JS377

Ccarin Brazil JS614

Ccarin EPEA JS376

Cal ArOB12

Cal EPEA12

Cal Arabian 14

Cal Arabian 11

CAL BrTC13

Cal EPEA13

CAL ArOB11

Cal Arabian 15

25

21

14

46

7

5

22

15

100

14

21

8

81

41

60

8

100

28

28

64

100

100

52

0.000.020.040.060.080.100.12

15 Aug 2006

Clade 1: Spain Angola Namibia S. Aftica

Clade 2: Brazil Argentina

Clade 3: Arabian Sea some Brazil some Argentina